@article{34563, abstract = {{UML has been widely accepted by the software community for several years. As electronic systems design can no longer be seen as an isolated hardware design activity, UML becomes of significant interest as a unification language for systems description combining both HW and SW components. This article provides a comprehensive view of the UML applied to System-on-Chip (SoC) and hardware-related embedded systems design. The modeling concepts in the UML language are first introduced, including major diagrams for the representation of the behavior and the structure of systems. The principles behind application specific UML customizations (UML profiles) are summarized, and several examples relevant for SoC design are given, such as the SysML (System Modeling Language) and the SoC Profile. Thereafter, various approaches associating UML with existing HW/SW design languages are presented. Beyond language aspects, the article addresses the question of UML-based design flows, and shows how UML can be applied concretely to the development of electronic-based systems. The current situation about tool support constitutes the last focus of the article. In particular, we show how UML tools can be combined with well-known simulation environments, such as MATLAB.}}, author = {{Vanderperren, Yves and Müller, Wolfgang and Dahaene, Wim}}, journal = {{Design Automation for Embedded Systems}}, keywords = {{UML SysML Model-based design System specification Modelling languages}}, pages = {{261--292}}, publisher = {{Springer-Verlag}}, title = {{{UML for Electronic Systems Design – A Comprehensive Overview}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s10617-008-9028-9}}, volume = {{12}}, year = {{2008}}, } @article{34564, abstract = {{To provide user interfaces for a rich set of devices and interaction modalities, we follow a model-based development methodology. We devised an architecture which deploys user interfaces specified as dialogue models with abstract interaction objects and allows context-based adaptations by means of an external transcoding process. For the validation of the applicability of this methodology for developing usable multimodal multi-device systems, we present two case studies based on proof-of-concept implementations and assessed them with a large set of established design principles and different types of modality cooperation.}}, author = {{Schäfer, Robbie and Müller, Wolfgang}}, journal = {{Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces}}, keywords = {{Interaction architecture Abstract interaction objects Dialogue model Transformations Multimodality Multi-device Design principles}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{25--41}}, publisher = {{Springer-Verlag}}, title = {{{Assessment of a Multimodal Interaction and Rendering System against Established Design Principles}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s12193-008-0003-3}}, volume = {{2}}, year = {{2008}}, } @article{5658, abstract = {{Email communication is encumbered with a mass of email messages which their recipients have neither requested nor require. Even worse, the impacts of these messages are far from being simply an annoyance, as they also involve economic damage. This manuscript examines the resource ?email addresses?, which is vital for any potential bulk mailer and spammer. Both a methodology and a honeypot conceptualization for implementing an empirical analysis of the usage of email addresses placed on the Internet are proposed here. Their objective is to assess, on a quantitative basis, the extent of the current harassment and its development over time. This ?framework? is intended to be extensible to measuring the effectiveness of address-obscuring techniques. The implementation of a pilot honeypot is described, which led to key findings, some of them being: (1) Web placements attract more than two-thirds (70\%) of all honeypot spam emails, followed by newsgroup placements (28.6\%) and newsletter subscriptions (1.4\%), (2) the proportions of spam relating to the email addresses? top-level domain can be statistically assumed to be uniformly distributed, (3) More than 43\% of addresses on the web have been abused, whereas about 27\% was the case for addresses on newsgroups and only about 4\% was the case for addresses used for a newsletter subscription, (4) Regarding the development of email addresses? attractiveness for spammers over time, the service ?web sites? features a negative linear relationship, whereas the service ?Usenet? hows a negative exponential relationship. (5) Only 1.54\% of the spam emails showed an interrelation between the topic of the spam email and that of the location where the recipient?s address was placed, so that spammers are assumed to send their emails in a ?context insensitive? manner. The results of the empirical analysis motivate the need for the protection of email addresses through obscuration. We analyze this need by formulating requirements for address obscuring techniques and we reveal to which extent today?s most relevant approaches fulfill these requirements.}}, author = {{Schryen, Guido}}, journal = {{Computers & Security}}, keywords = {{Address-obfuscating techniques, email, empirical analysis, honeypot, security by design, security by obscurity, spam}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{361--372}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{{The Impact that Placing Email Addresses on the Internet has on the Receipt of Spam ? An Empirical Analysis}}}, volume = {{2}}, year = {{2007}}, } @inproceedings{6508, abstract = {{In this paper, we present a framework that supports experimenting with evolutionary hardware design. We describe the framework's modules for composing evolutionary optimizers and for setting up, controlling, and analyzing experiments. Two case studies demonstrate the usefulness of the framework: evolution of hash functions and evolution based on pre-engineered circuits.}}, author = {{Kaufmann, Paul and Platzner, Marco}}, booktitle = {{Second NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems (AHS 2007)}}, isbn = {{076952866X}}, keywords = {{integrated circuit design, hardware evolution, evolutionary hardware design, evolutionary optimizers, hash functions, preengineered circuits, Hardware, Circuits, Design optimization, Visualization, Genetic programming, Genetic mutations, Clustering algorithms, Biological cells, Field programmable gate arrays, Routing}}, location = {{Edinburgh, UK}}, pages = {{447--454}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{MOVES: A Modular Framework for Hardware Evolution}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ahs.2007.73}}, year = {{2007}}, } @article{10646, author = {{Danne, Klaus and Mühlenbernd, Roland and Platzner, Marco}}, issn = {{1751-8601}}, journal = {{IET Computers Digital Techniques}}, keywords = {{reconfigurable architectures, resource allocation, device reconfiguration time, dynamic hardware reconfiguration, dynamically reconfigurable hardware, light-weight runtime system, merge server distribute load, periodic real-time tasks, runtime system overheads, schedulability analysis, scheduling technique, server-based execution, synthesis tool flow}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{295--302}}, title = {{{Server-based execution of periodic tasks on dynamically reconfigurable hardware}}}, doi = {{10.1049/iet-cdt:20060186}}, volume = {{1}}, year = {{2007}}, } @inproceedings{38104, abstract = {{Location-aware services for private use such as GPS- based navigation systems and GSM-based offerings have become quite a success for outdoor applications, while indoor positioning systems are still mainly employed for professional use only. The main reasons are cost issues and the complexity of setup and maintenance of those systems. In this paper we present CaMPTrack (Camera-based Multiple Person Tracker), a prototype of a webcam-based positioning system and discuss its application and development challenges.}}, author = {{Schäfer, Robbie and Müller, Wolfgang and Deimann, Roman and Kleinjohann, Bernd}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Workshop on Mobile Spatial Interaction at CHI 2007}}, keywords = {{Positioning Systems, Camera Based, Cost Efficiency, Smart Home Applications}}, title = {{{A Low-Cost Positioning System for Location-Aware Applications in Smart Homes}}}, year = {{2007}}, } @inproceedings{9548, abstract = {{This paper presents a general model based on the electromechanical circuit theory. The model is set up as a mechanical equivalent model for base excited systems and describes the behaviour of a piezoelectric element around one resonance frequency which is sufficient for most practical applications. The model is extended to obtain the influence of geometrical and material properties. The derivated properties are used to describe the parameters of the general model which is easy to handle. Using this model either the calculation of the output power on a specific electric load or the determination of the design of the used piezoelectric element for a needed electric output power is possible. The paper focuses on the design of the ratio of length and width of a piezoelectric bimorph. The validity of the model is shown by the comparison of computed and experimental results.}}, author = {{Richter, Björn and Twiefel, Jens and Hemsel, Tobias and Wallaschek, Jörg}}, booktitle = {{ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition}}, keywords = {{Materials properties, Design, Generators}}, title = {{{Model based design of piezoelectric generators utilizing geometrical and material properties}}}, doi = {{doi:10.1115/IMECE2006-14862}}, year = {{2006}}, } @inproceedings{38107, abstract = {{TestML is an XML-based language for the exchange of test descriptions in automotive systems design and mainly introduced through the structural definition of an XML schema as an independent exchange format for existing tools and methods covering a wide range of different test technologies. In this paper, we present a rigorous formal behavioral semantics for TestML by means of Abstract State Machines (ASMs). Our semantics is a concise, unambiguous, high-level specification for TestML-based implementations and serves as a basis to define exact and well-defined mappings between existing test languages and TestML.}}, author = {{Großmann, Jürgen and Müller, Wolfgang}}, booktitle = {{Proc. of ISOLA 06}}, isbn = {{978-0-7695-3071-0}}, keywords = {{System testing, Software testing, Automotive engineering, Automatic testing, Machinery production industries, Protocols, Hardware design languages, Samarium, XML, Computer industry}}, location = {{Paphos, Cyprus}}, title = {{{A Formal Behavioral Semantics for TestML}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ISoLA.2006.37}}, year = {{2006}}, } @inproceedings{39030, abstract = {{StateCharts are well accepted for embedded systems specification for various applications. However, for the specification of complex systems they have several limitations. In this article, we present a novel approach to efficiently execute an UML 2.0 subset for embedded real- time systems implementation with focus on hardware interrupts, software exceptions, and timeouts. We introduce a UML Virtual Machine, which directly executes sequence diagrams, which are embedded into hierarchically structured state transition diagrams. Whereas state diagrams are directly executed as Embedded State Machines (ESMs), sequence diagrams are translated into UVM Bytecode. The final UVM execution is performed by the interaction of the ESM and the Bytecode Interpreter. Due to our completely model- based approach, the UVM runtime kernel is easily adaptable and scalable to different scheduling and memory management strategies.}}, author = {{Schattkowsky, Tim and Müller, Wolfgang}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of ISNG 05}}, keywords = {{UML, Executable Models, Hardware/Software Co-design, Virtual Machine, Embedded Systems}}, title = {{{A UML Virtual Machine for Embedded Systems}}}, year = {{2005}}, } @inproceedings{39032, abstract = {{Executable UML models are nowadays gaining interest in embedded systems design. This domain is strongly devoted to the modeling of reactive behavior using StateChart variants. In this context, the direct execution of UML state machines is an interesting alternative to native code generation approaches since it significantly increases portability. However, fully featured UML 2.0 State Machines may contain a broad set of features with complex execution semantics that differ significantly from other StateChart variants. This makes their direct execution complex and inefficient. In this paper, we demonstrate how such state machines can be represented using a small subset of the UML state machine features that enables efficient execution. We describe the necessary model transformations in terms of graph transformations and discuss the underlying semantics and implications for execution.}}, author = {{Schattkowsky, Tim and Müller, Wolfgang}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of VL/HCC 05}}, isbn = {{0-7695-2443-5}}, keywords = {{Unified modeling language, Software design, Virtual machining, Embedded system, Programming, Documentation, Hardware, Computer languages, Operating systems, Runtime}}, title = {{{Transformation of UML State Machines for Direct Execution}}}, doi = {{10.1109/VLHCC.2005.64}}, year = {{2005}}, } @inproceedings{39061, abstract = {{This article presents an approach, which combines theorem proving-based refinement with model checking for state based real-time systems. Our verification flow starts from UML state diagrams, which are translated to the formal B language and are model checked for real-time properties. By means of the B language and a B theorem prover, refined state diagrams are verified against their abstract representation. The approach is presented by means of the refinement of a digital echo cancellation unit.}}, author = {{Krupp, Alexander and Müller, Wolfgang and Oliver, Ian}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of DATE’04 Designers' Forum}}, isbn = {{0-7695-2085-5}}, keywords = {{Echo cancellers, Logic, Unified modeling language, Automata, Data structures, Boolean functions, Electronic design automation and methodology, Prototypes, Specification languages, Constraint theory}}, title = {{{Formal Refinement and Model Checking of An Echo Cancellation Unit}}}, doi = {{10.1109/DATE.2004.1269214}}, year = {{2004}}, } @article{11778, abstract = {{In this paper, it is shown that a correlation criterion is the appropriate criterion for bottom-up clustering to obtain broad phonetic class regression trees for maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR)-based speaker adaptation. The correlation structure among speech units is estimated on the speaker-independent training data. In adaptation experiments the tree outperformed a regression tree obtained from clustering according to closeness in acoustic space and achieved results comparable with those of a manually designed broad phonetic class tree}}, author = {{Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold}}, journal = {{IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing}}, keywords = {{acoustic space, adaptation experiments, automatic generation, bottom-up clustering, broad phonetic class regression trees, correlation criterion, correlation methods, maximum likelihood estimation, maximum likelihood linear regression based speaker adaptation, MLLR adaptation, pattern clustering, phonetic regression class trees, speaker-independent training data, speech recognition, speech units, statistical analysis, trees (mathematics)}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{299--302}}, title = {{{Automatic generation of phonetic regression class trees for MLLR adaptation}}}, doi = {{10.1109/89.906003}}, volume = {{9}}, year = {{2001}}, } @inproceedings{39411, abstract = {{Rapid prototyping based on 3D models is well accepted for several applications. This article addresses the application of animated virtual 3D prototypes for the development of computer-based systems supporting early collaboration of the system designer with the external customer. Our methodology seamlessly integrates illustration through 3D animation with the main tasks of computer-based real-time systems development, i.e., implementation and verification. The approach is outlined by the example of the design of a flexible manufacturing system.}}, author = {{Flake, Stephan and Geiger, Christian and Müller, Wolfgang and Ruf, Jürgen}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of IEEE KMN 2001}}, isbn = {{0-7695-1269-0}}, keywords = {{Virtual prototyping, Animation, Collaboration, System analysis and design, Feedback, Application software, Power system modeling, Handicapped aids, Process design, Contracts}}, title = {{{Customer-Oriented Systems Design through Virtual Prototyps}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ENABL.2001.953425}}, year = {{2001}}, } @inproceedings{39421, abstract = {{We present a rigorous but transparent semantics definition of SystemC that covers method, thread, and clocked thread behavior as well as their interaction with the simulation kernel process. The semantics includes watching statements, signal assignment, and wait statements as they are introduced in SystemC V1.O. We present our definition in form of distributed Abstract State Machines (ASMs) rules reflecting the view given in the SystemC User's Manual and the reference implementation. We mainly see our formal semantics as a concise, unambiguous, high-level specification for SystemC-based implementations and for standardization. Additionally, it can be used as a sound basis to investigate SystemC interoperability with Verilog and VHDL.}}, author = {{Müller, Wolfgang and Ruf, Jürgen and Hoffmann, D. W. and Gerlach, Joachim and Kropf, Thomas and Rosenstiehl, W.}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design, Automation, and Test in Europe (DATE’01)}}, isbn = {{0-7695-0993-2}}, keywords = {{Yarn, Formal verification, Kernel, Hardware design languages, Electronic design automation and methodology, Algebra, Computational modeling, Logic functions, Computer languages, Clocks}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{The Simulation Semantics of SystemC}}}, doi = {{10.1109/DATE.2001.915002}}, year = {{2001}}, } @misc{2433, author = {{Plessl, Christian and Maurer, Simon}}, keywords = {{co-design, speech processing}}, publisher = {{Computer Engineering and Networks Lab, ETH Zurich, Switzerland}}, title = {{{Hardware/Software Codesign in Speech Compression Applications}}}, year = {{2000}}, } @inproceedings{8915, abstract = {{Ultrasonic linear motors have now been investigated for several years. Their key features are high thrust forces related to their volume and good position-accuracy. This contribution consists of two main parts. In the first part we describe the state-of-the-art of linear piezoelectric motors. Characteristics like no-load velocity, maximum thrust force and other technical properties of commercially available devices will be reported as well as those of prototypes. In the second part we report an ongoing research and development project aiming at a linear piezoelectric motor, which is capable of surpassing some of the shortcomings of other piezoelectric motors}}, author = {{Hemsel, Tobias and Wallaschek, Jörg}}, booktitle = {{Ultrasonics Symposium, 2000 IEEE}}, issn = {{1051-0117}}, keywords = {{linear motors, ultrasonic motors, linear piezoelectric motor, maximum thrust force, no-load velocity, ultrasonic linear motor, Electromagnetic devices, Electromagnetic fields, Frequency, Friction, Gears, Materials science and technology, Piezoelectric materials, Research and development, Vibrations, Wheels}}, pages = {{663--666 vol.1}}, title = {{{State of the art and development trends of ultrasonic linear motors}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ULTSYM.2000.922635}}, volume = {{1}}, year = {{2000}}, } @inproceedings{39487, abstract = {{This article introduces and discusses different innovative means for visual specification and animation of complex concurrent systems. It introduces the completely visual programming language Pictorial Janus (PJ) and its application in the customer-oriented design process. PJ implements a completely visual programming language with inherent animation facilities. The article outlines the transformation of purely visual PJ programs into textual imperative programming languages. The second part of the article investigates animated 3D-presentations and introduces a novel approach to an animated 3D programming language for interactive customer-oriented illustrations.}}, author = {{Geiger, Christian and Lehrenfeld, G. and Müller, Wolfgang}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of HICSS-32}}, isbn = {{0-7695-0001-3}}, keywords = {{Animation, Computer languages, Object oriented modeling, Collaboration, Process design, Graphical user interfaces, Jacobian matrices, Standardization, Feedback, Software prototyping}}, location = {{Maui, Hawaii}}, title = {{{Visual Specification, Modeling, and Illustrations of Complex Systems}}}, doi = {{10.1109/HICSS.1999.772621}}, year = {{1999}}, }