---
_id: '55394'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Nowadays we deal with robots and AI more and more in our everyday life. However,
their behavior is not always apparent to most lay users, especially in error situations.
This can lead to misconceptions about the behavior of the technologies being used.
This in turn can lead to misuse and rejection by users. Explanation, for example
through transparency, can address these misconceptions. However, explaining the
entire software or hardware would be confusing and overwhelming for users. Therefore,
this paper focuses on the ‘enabling’ architecture. It describes those aspects
of a robotic system that may need to be explained to enable someone to use the
technology effectively. Furthermore, this paper deals with the ‘explanandum’,
i.e. the corresponding misunderstandings or missing concepts of the enabling architecture
that need to be clarified. Thus, we have developed and are presenting an approach
to determine the ‘enabling’ architecture and the resulting ‘explanandum’ of complex
technologies.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Helen
full_name: Beierling, Helen
last_name: Beierling
- first_name: Phillip
full_name: Richter, Phillip
last_name: Richter
- first_name: Mara
full_name: Brandt, Mara
last_name: Brandt
- first_name: Lutz
full_name: Terfloth, Lutz
last_name: Terfloth
- first_name: Carsten
full_name: Schulte, Carsten
last_name: Schulte
- first_name: Heiko
full_name: Wersing, Heiko
last_name: Wersing
- first_name: Anna-Lisa
full_name: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa
last_name: Vollmer
citation:
ama: 'Beierling H, Richter P, Brandt M, et al. What you need to know about a learning
robot: Identifying the enabling architecture of complex systems. Cognitive
Systems Research. 2024;88.'
apa: 'Beierling, H., Richter, P., Brandt, M., Terfloth, L., Schulte, C., Wersing,
H., & Vollmer, A.-L. (2024). What you need to know about a learning robot:
Identifying the enabling architecture of complex systems. Cognitive Systems
Research, 88.'
bibtex: '@article{Beierling_Richter_Brandt_Terfloth_Schulte_Wersing_Vollmer_2024,
title={What you need to know about a learning robot: Identifying the enabling
architecture of complex systems}, volume={88}, journal={Cognitive Systems Research},
publisher={Elsevier}, author={Beierling, Helen and Richter, Phillip and Brandt,
Mara and Terfloth, Lutz and Schulte, Carsten and Wersing, Heiko and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa},
year={2024} }'
chicago: 'Beierling, Helen, Phillip Richter, Mara Brandt, Lutz Terfloth, Carsten
Schulte, Heiko Wersing, and Anna-Lisa Vollmer. “What You Need to Know about a
Learning Robot: Identifying the Enabling Architecture of Complex Systems.” Cognitive
Systems Research 88 (2024).'
ieee: 'H. Beierling et al., “What you need to know about a learning robot:
Identifying the enabling architecture of complex systems,” Cognitive Systems
Research, vol. 88, 2024.'
mla: 'Beierling, Helen, et al. “What You Need to Know about a Learning Robot: Identifying
the Enabling Architecture of Complex Systems.” Cognitive Systems Research,
vol. 88, Elsevier, 2024.'
short: H. Beierling, P. Richter, M. Brandt, L. Terfloth, C. Schulte, H. Wersing,
A.-L. Vollmer, Cognitive Systems Research 88 (2024).
date_created: 2024-07-26T08:01:23Z
date_updated: 2025-09-17T13:32:31Z
ddc:
- '006'
file:
- access_level: closed
content_type: application/pdf
creator: helebeen
date_created: 2025-09-17T13:31:11Z
date_updated: 2025-09-17T13:31:11Z
file_id: '61330'
file_name: mentaleModelle.pdf
file_size: 1577897
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-09-17T13:31:11Z
funded_apc: '1'
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 88'
keyword:
- Robotics HRI Explainability Didactics Didactic reconstruction
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
project:
- _id: '123'
name: 'TRR 318 - B5: TRR 318 - Subproject B5'
publication: Cognitive Systems Research
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
status: public
title: 'What you need to know about a learning robot: Identifying the enabling architecture
of complex systems'
type: journal_article
user_id: '50995'
volume: 88
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '44672'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: With enhancing digitalization, condition monitoring is used in an increasing
number of application fields across various industrial sectors. By its application,
increased reliability as well as reduced risks and costs can be achieved. Based
on different approaches, technical systems are monitored and measured data is
analyzed to enable condition-based or predictive maintenance. To this end, machine
learning approaches are usually implemented to diagnose the health states or predict
the health index of the monitored system. However, these trained models are often
black-box models, not intuitively explainable for a human. To overcome this shortcoming,
a model-based approach based on physics is developed for piezoelectric bending
actuators. Such a model enables a transparent representation of the system. Moreover,
the model-based approach is extended by a parameter-estimation to account for
sudden changes in behavior e. g. caused by occurring cracks.
article_number: '114399'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Amelie
full_name: Bender, Amelie
id: '54290'
last_name: Bender
citation:
ama: 'Bender A. Model-based condition monitoring of piezoelectric bending actuators.
Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 2023;357. doi:10.1016/j.sna.2023.114399'
apa: 'Bender, A. (2023). Model-based condition monitoring of piezoelectric bending
actuators. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 357, Article 114399.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2023.114399'
bibtex: '@article{Bender_2023, title={Model-based condition monitoring of piezoelectric
bending actuators}, volume={357}, DOI={10.1016/j.sna.2023.114399},
number={114399}, journal={Sensors and Actuators A: Physical}, publisher={Elsevier
BV}, author={Bender, Amelie}, year={2023} }'
chicago: 'Bender, Amelie. “Model-Based Condition Monitoring of Piezoelectric Bending
Actuators.” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 357 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2023.114399.'
ieee: 'A. Bender, “Model-based condition monitoring of piezoelectric bending actuators,”
Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 357, Art. no. 114399, 2023, doi:
10.1016/j.sna.2023.114399.'
mla: 'Bender, Amelie. “Model-Based Condition Monitoring of Piezoelectric Bending
Actuators.” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 357, 114399, Elsevier
BV, 2023, doi:10.1016/j.sna.2023.114399.'
short: 'A. Bender, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 357 (2023).'
date_created: 2023-05-09T09:49:44Z
date_updated: 2023-05-09T09:53:31Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1016/j.sna.2023.114399
intvolume: ' 357'
keyword:
- Condition Monitoring
- Model-based approach Diagnostics
- Varying conditions
- Explainability
- Piezoelectric bending actuators
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1h2WV3IC9dF7Hm
oa: '1'
publication: 'Sensors and Actuators A: Physical'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0924-4247
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Model-based condition monitoring of piezoelectric bending actuators
type: journal_article
user_id: '54290'
volume: 357
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '24456'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: One objective of current research in explainable intelligent systems is to
implement social aspects in order to increase the relevance of explanations. In
this paper, we argue that a novel conceptual framework is needed to overcome shortcomings
of existing AI systems with little attention to processes of interaction and learning.
Drawing from research in interaction and development, we first outline the novel
conceptual framework that pushes the design of AI systems toward true interactivity
with an emphasis on the role of the partner and social relevance. We propose that
AI systems will be able to provide a meaningful and relevant explanation only
if the process of explaining is extended to active contribution of both partners
that brings about dynamics that is modulated by different levels of analysis.
Accordingly, our conceptual framework comprises monitoring and scaffolding as
key concepts and claims that the process of explaining is not only modulated by
the interaction between explainee and explainer but is embedded into a larger
social context in which conventionalized and routinized behaviors are established.
We discuss our conceptual framework in relation to the established objectives
of transparency and autonomy that are raised for the design of explainable AI
systems currently.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Katharina J.
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
id: '50352'
last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Philipp
full_name: Cimiano, Philipp
last_name: Cimiano
- first_name: Ingrid
full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
id: '451'
last_name: Scharlau
orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Matzner, Tobias
id: '65695'
last_name: Matzner
- first_name: Heike M.
full_name: Buhl, Heike M.
id: '27152'
last_name: Buhl
- first_name: Hendrik
full_name: Buschmeier, Hendrik
last_name: Buschmeier
- first_name: Elena
full_name: Esposito, Elena
last_name: Esposito
- first_name: Angela
full_name: Grimminger, Angela
id: '57578'
last_name: Grimminger
- first_name: Barbara
full_name: Hammer, Barbara
last_name: Hammer
- first_name: Reinhold
full_name: Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold
id: '242'
last_name: Haeb-Umbach
- first_name: Ilona
full_name: Horwath, Ilona
id: '68836'
last_name: Horwath
- first_name: Eyke
full_name: Hüllermeier, Eyke
id: '48129'
last_name: Hüllermeier
- first_name: Friederike
full_name: Kern, Friederike
last_name: Kern
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Kopp, Stefan
last_name: Kopp
- first_name: Kirsten
full_name: Thommes, Kirsten
id: '72497'
last_name: Thommes
- first_name: Axel-Cyrille
full_name: Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille
id: '65716'
last_name: Ngonga Ngomo
- first_name: Carsten
full_name: Schulte, Carsten
id: '60311'
last_name: Schulte
- first_name: Henning
full_name: Wachsmuth, Henning
id: '3900'
last_name: Wachsmuth
- first_name: Petra
full_name: Wagner, Petra
last_name: Wagner
- first_name: Britta
full_name: Wrede, Britta
last_name: Wrede
citation:
ama: 'Rohlfing KJ, Cimiano P, Scharlau I, et al. Explanation as a Social Practice:
Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems. IEEE Transactions
on Cognitive and Developmental Systems. 2021;13(3):717-728. doi:10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366'
apa: 'Rohlfing, K. J., Cimiano, P., Scharlau, I., Matzner, T., Buhl, H. M., Buschmeier,
H., Esposito, E., Grimminger, A., Hammer, B., Haeb-Umbach, R., Horwath, I., Hüllermeier,
E., Kern, F., Kopp, S., Thommes, K., Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C., Schulte, C., Wachsmuth,
H., Wagner, P., & Wrede, B. (2021). Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward
a Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems. IEEE Transactions
on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, 13(3), 717–728. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366'
bibtex: '@article{Rohlfing_Cimiano_Scharlau_Matzner_Buhl_Buschmeier_Esposito_Grimminger_Hammer_Haeb-Umbach_et
al._2021, title={Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a Conceptual Framework
for the Social Design of AI Systems}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366},
number={3}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems},
author={Rohlfing, Katharina J. and Cimiano, Philipp and Scharlau, Ingrid and Matzner,
Tobias and Buhl, Heike M. and Buschmeier, Hendrik and Esposito, Elena and Grimminger,
Angela and Hammer, Barbara and Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold and et al.}, year={2021},
pages={717–728} }'
chicago: 'Rohlfing, Katharina J., Philipp Cimiano, Ingrid Scharlau, Tobias Matzner,
Heike M. Buhl, Hendrik Buschmeier, Elena Esposito, et al. “Explanation as a Social
Practice: Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems.”
IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems 13, no. 3 (2021):
717–28. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366.'
ieee: 'K. J. Rohlfing et al., “Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a
Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems,” IEEE Transactions
on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 717–728, 2021,
doi: 10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366.'
mla: 'Rohlfing, Katharina J., et al. “Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a
Conceptual Framework for the Social Design of AI Systems.” IEEE Transactions
on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, vol. 13, no. 3, 2021, pp. 717–28,
doi:10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366.'
short: K.J. Rohlfing, P. Cimiano, I. Scharlau, T. Matzner, H.M. Buhl, H. Buschmeier,
E. Esposito, A. Grimminger, B. Hammer, R. Haeb-Umbach, I. Horwath, E. Hüllermeier,
F. Kern, S. Kopp, K. Thommes, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, C. Schulte, H. Wachsmuth, P.
Wagner, B. Wrede, IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems 13
(2021) 717–728.
date_created: 2021-09-14T20:52:57Z
date_updated: 2023-12-05T10:15:02Z
ddc:
- '300'
department:
- _id: '603'
- _id: '749'
- _id: '424'
- _id: '67'
- _id: '574'
- _id: '184'
- _id: '757'
- _id: '54'
- _id: '178'
doi: 10.1109/tcds.2020.3044366
file:
- access_level: open_access
content_type: application/pdf
creator: haebumb
date_created: 2023-11-20T16:33:51Z
date_updated: 2023-11-20T16:33:51Z
file_id: '49081'
file_name: 2020-12-01_explainability_final_version.pdf
file_size: 626217
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2023-11-20T16:33:51Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 13'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Explainability
- process ofexplaining andunderstanding
- explainable artificial systems
language:
- iso: eng
oa: '1'
page: 717-728
project:
- _id: '109'
grant_number: '438445824'
name: 'TRR 318: TRR 318 - Erklärbarkeit konstruieren'
publication: IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2379-8920
- 2379-8939
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Explanation as a Social Practice: Toward a Conceptual Framework for the Social
Design of AI Systems'
type: journal_article
user_id: '42933'
volume: 13
year: '2021'
...