---
_id: '54966'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is one of the most widespread methods
for investigating and visualizing ferroelectric domain structures down to the
nanometer length scale. PFM makes use of the direct coupling of the piezoelectric
response to the crystal lattice, and hence, it is most often applied to spatially
map the three-dimensional (3D) near-surface domain distribution of any polar or
ferroic sample. Nonetheless, since most samples investigated by PFM are at least
semiconducting or fully insulating, the electric ac field emerging from the conductive
scanning force microscopy (SFM) tip penetrates the sample and, hence, may also
couple to polar features that are deeply buried into the bulk of the sample under
investigation. Thus, in the work presented here, we experimentally and theoretically
explore the contrast and depth resolution capabilities of PFM, by analyzing the
dependence of several key parameters. These key parameters include the depth of
the buried feature, i.e., here a domain wall (DW), as well as PFM-relevant technical
parameters such as the tip radius, the PFM drive voltage and frequency, and the
signal-to-noise ratio. The theoretical predictions are experimentally verified
using x-cut periodically poled lithium niobate single crystals that are specially
prepared into wedge-shaped samples, in order to allow the buried feature, here
the DW, to be “positioned” at any depth into the bulk. This inspection essentially
contributes to the fundamental understanding in PFM contrast analysis and to the
reconstruction of 3D domain structures down to a 1 μm-penetration depth into the
sample.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Matthias
full_name: Roeper, Matthias
last_name: Roeper
- first_name: Samuel D.
full_name: Seddon, Samuel D.
last_name: Seddon
- first_name: Zeeshan H.
full_name: Amber, Zeeshan H.
last_name: Amber
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Rüsing, Michael
id: '22501'
last_name: Rüsing
orcid: 0000-0003-4682-4577
- first_name: Lukas M.
full_name: Eng, Lukas M.
last_name: Eng
citation:
ama: Roeper M, Seddon SD, Amber ZH, Rüsing M, Eng LM. Depth resolution in piezoresponse
force microscopy. Journal of Applied Physics. 2024;135(22). doi:10.1063/5.0206784
apa: Roeper, M., Seddon, S. D., Amber, Z. H., Rüsing, M., & Eng, L. M. (2024).
Depth resolution in piezoresponse force microscopy. Journal of Applied Physics,
135(22). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0206784
bibtex: '@article{Roeper_Seddon_Amber_Rüsing_Eng_2024, title={Depth resolution in
piezoresponse force microscopy}, volume={135}, DOI={10.1063/5.0206784},
number={22}, journal={Journal of Applied Physics}, publisher={AIP Publishing},
author={Roeper, Matthias and Seddon, Samuel D. and Amber, Zeeshan H. and Rüsing,
Michael and Eng, Lukas M.}, year={2024} }'
chicago: Roeper, Matthias, Samuel D. Seddon, Zeeshan H. Amber, Michael Rüsing, and
Lukas M. Eng. “Depth Resolution in Piezoresponse Force Microscopy.” Journal
of Applied Physics 135, no. 22 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0206784.
ieee: 'M. Roeper, S. D. Seddon, Z. H. Amber, M. Rüsing, and L. M. Eng, “Depth resolution
in piezoresponse force microscopy,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 135,
no. 22, 2024, doi: 10.1063/5.0206784.'
mla: Roeper, Matthias, et al. “Depth Resolution in Piezoresponse Force Microscopy.”
Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 135, no. 22, AIP Publishing, 2024, doi:10.1063/5.0206784.
short: M. Roeper, S.D. Seddon, Z.H. Amber, M. Rüsing, L.M. Eng, Journal of Applied
Physics 135 (2024).
date_created: 2024-07-01T21:00:43Z
date_updated: 2025-04-03T12:35:34Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '169'
- _id: '288'
- _id: '623'
doi: 10.1063/5.0206784
intvolume: ' 135'
issue: '22'
keyword:
- Ferroelectrics
- lithium niobate
- piezoresponse force microscopy
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0206784
oa: '1'
publication: Journal of Applied Physics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0021-8979
- 1089-7550
publication_status: published
publisher: AIP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Depth resolution in piezoresponse force microscopy
type: journal_article
user_id: '22501'
volume: 135
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '63960'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Recent advances in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) of nanostructured materials are reviewed.
A first group of materials is based on crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) or microcrystalline
cellulose (MCC), which are used as carrier materials for dye molecules, catalysts
or in combination with heterocyclic molecules as ion conducting membranes. These
materials have widespread applications in sensorics, optics, catalysis or fuel
cell research. A second group are metal oxides such as V-Mo-W oxides, which are
of enormous importance in the manufacturing process of basic chemicals. The third
group are catalytically active nanocrystalline metal nanoparticles, coated with
protectants or embedded in polymers. The last group includes of lead-free perovskite
materials, which are employed as environmentally benign substitution materials
for conventional lead-based electronics materials. These materials are discussed
in terms of their application and physico-chemical characterization by solid-state
NMR techniques, combined with gas-phase NMR and quantum-chemical modelling on
the density functional theory (DFT) level. The application of multinuclear 1H,
2H, 13C, 15N and 23Na solid state NMR techniques under static or MAS conditions
for the characterization of these materials, their surfaces and processes on their
surfaces is discussed. Moreover, the analytic power of the combination of these
techniques with DNP for the identification of low-concentrated carbon and nitrogen
containing surface species in natural abundance is reviewed. Finally, approaches
for sensitivity enhancement by DNP of quadrupolar nuclei such as 17O and 51V are
presented that enable the identification of catalytic sites in metal oxide catalysts.
author:
- first_name: Torsten
full_name: Gutmann, Torsten
id: '118165'
last_name: Gutmann
- first_name: Pedro B.
full_name: Groszewicz, Pedro B.
last_name: Groszewicz
- first_name: Gerd
full_name: Buntkowsky, Gerd
last_name: Buntkowsky
citation:
ama: Gutmann T, Groszewicz PB, Buntkowsky G. Solid-state NMR of nanocrystals. Annual
Reports on NMR Spectroscopy. 2019;97:1–82. doi:10.1016/bs.arnmr.2018.12.001
apa: Gutmann, T., Groszewicz, P. B., & Buntkowsky, G. (2019). Solid-state NMR
of nanocrystals. Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy, 97, 1–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.arnmr.2018.12.001
bibtex: '@article{Gutmann_Groszewicz_Buntkowsky_2019, title={Solid-state NMR of
nanocrystals}, volume={97}, DOI={10.1016/bs.arnmr.2018.12.001},
journal={Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy}, author={Gutmann, Torsten and Groszewicz,
Pedro B. and Buntkowsky, Gerd}, year={2019}, pages={1–82} }'
chicago: 'Gutmann, Torsten, Pedro B. Groszewicz, and Gerd Buntkowsky. “Solid-State
NMR of Nanocrystals.” Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy 97 (2019): 1–82.
https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.arnmr.2018.12.001.'
ieee: 'T. Gutmann, P. B. Groszewicz, and G. Buntkowsky, “Solid-state NMR of nanocrystals,”
Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy, vol. 97, pp. 1–82, 2019, doi: 10.1016/bs.arnmr.2018.12.001.'
mla: Gutmann, Torsten, et al. “Solid-State NMR of Nanocrystals.” Annual Reports
on NMR Spectroscopy, vol. 97, 2019, pp. 1–82, doi:10.1016/bs.arnmr.2018.12.001.
short: T. Gutmann, P.B. Groszewicz, G. Buntkowsky, Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy
97 (2019) 1–82.
date_created: 2026-02-07T15:37:03Z
date_updated: 2026-02-17T16:17:56Z
doi: 10.1016/bs.arnmr.2018.12.001
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 97'
keyword:
- solid-state nmr
- heterogeneous catalysis
- dynamic nuclear polarization
- Ferroelectrics
- Nanocatalysis
- Surface reactions
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1–82
publication: Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy
status: public
title: Solid-state NMR of nanocrystals
type: journal_article
user_id: '100715'
volume: 97
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '13520'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Atomistic simulations in the framework of the density functional theory have
been used to model morphologic and vibrational properties of lithium niobate–lithium
tantalate mixed crystals as a function of the [Nb]/[Ta] ratio. Structural parameters
such as the crystal volume and the lattice parameters a and c vary roughly linearly
from LiTaO3 to LiNbO3, showing only minor deviations from the Vegard behavior.
Our ab initio calculations demonstrate that the TO1, TO2 and TO4 vibrational modes
become harder with increasing Nb concentration. TO3 becomes softer with increasing
Nb content, instead. Furthermore, the investigated zone center A1 -TO phonon modes
are characterized by a pronounced stoichiometry dependence. Frequency shifts as
large as 30 cm−1 are expected as the [Nb]/[Ta] ratio grows from 0 to 1. Therefore,
spectroscopic techniques sensitive to the A1 modes (such as Raman spectroscopy),
can be employed for a direct and non-destructive determination of the crystal
composition.
author:
- first_name: Simone
full_name: Sanna, Simone
last_name: Sanna
- first_name: A.
full_name: Riefer, A.
last_name: Riefer
- first_name: Sergej
full_name: Neufeld, Sergej
id: '23261'
last_name: Neufeld
- first_name: Wolf Gero
full_name: Schmidt, Wolf Gero
id: '468'
last_name: Schmidt
orcid: 0000-0002-2717-5076
- first_name: Gerhard
full_name: Berth, Gerhard
id: '53'
last_name: Berth
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Rüsing, Michael
id: '22501'
last_name: Rüsing
orcid: 0000-0003-4682-4577
- first_name: A.
full_name: Widhalm, A.
last_name: Widhalm
- first_name: Artur
full_name: Zrenner, Artur
id: '606'
last_name: Zrenner
orcid: 0000-0002-5190-0944
citation:
ama: Sanna S, Riefer A, Neufeld S, et al. Vibrational Fingerprints of LiNbO3-LiTaO3Mixed
Crystals. Ferroelectrics. 2013;447(1):63-68. doi:10.1080/00150193.2013.821893
apa: Sanna, S., Riefer, A., Neufeld, S., Schmidt, W. G., Berth, G., Rüsing, M.,
Widhalm, A., & Zrenner, A. (2013). Vibrational Fingerprints of LiNbO3-LiTaO3Mixed
Crystals. Ferroelectrics, 447(1), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2013.821893
bibtex: '@article{Sanna_Riefer_Neufeld_Schmidt_Berth_Rüsing_Widhalm_Zrenner_2013,
title={Vibrational Fingerprints of LiNbO3-LiTaO3Mixed Crystals}, volume={447},
DOI={10.1080/00150193.2013.821893},
number={1}, journal={Ferroelectrics}, author={Sanna, Simone and Riefer, A. and
Neufeld, Sergej and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Berth, Gerhard and Rüsing, Michael
and Widhalm, A. and Zrenner, Artur}, year={2013}, pages={63–68} }'
chicago: 'Sanna, Simone, A. Riefer, Sergej Neufeld, Wolf Gero Schmidt, Gerhard Berth,
Michael Rüsing, A. Widhalm, and Artur Zrenner. “Vibrational Fingerprints of LiNbO3-LiTaO3Mixed
Crystals.” Ferroelectrics 447, no. 1 (2013): 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2013.821893.'
ieee: 'S. Sanna et al., “Vibrational Fingerprints of LiNbO3-LiTaO3Mixed Crystals,”
Ferroelectrics, vol. 447, no. 1, pp. 63–68, 2013, doi: 10.1080/00150193.2013.821893.'
mla: Sanna, Simone, et al. “Vibrational Fingerprints of LiNbO3-LiTaO3Mixed Crystals.”
Ferroelectrics, vol. 447, no. 1, 2013, pp. 63–68, doi:10.1080/00150193.2013.821893.
short: S. Sanna, A. Riefer, S. Neufeld, W.G. Schmidt, G. Berth, M. Rüsing, A. Widhalm,
A. Zrenner, Ferroelectrics 447 (2013) 63–68.
date_created: 2019-09-30T13:50:40Z
date_updated: 2023-10-09T08:22:10Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '170'
- _id: '295'
- _id: '230'
doi: 10.1080/00150193.2013.821893
intvolume: ' 447'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Ferroelectrics
- vibrational properties
- LiNbO3
- LiTaO3
- mixed crystals
language:
- iso: eng
page: 63-68
project:
- _id: '52'
name: 'PC2: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing'
publication: Ferroelectrics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0015-0193
- 1563-5112
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Vibrational Fingerprints of LiNbO3-LiTaO3Mixed Crystals
type: journal_article
user_id: '14931'
volume: 447
year: '2013'
...
---
_id: '4380'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The structural and vibrational properties of lithium niobate (LN) – lithium
tantalate (LT) mixed crystals (LNT, LiNb1-xTaxO3) are investigated over the whole
composition range by first-principles simulations. The crystal volume grows roughly
linearly from LT to LN, whereby the lattice parameters a and c show minor deviations
from the Vegard behavior between the end compounds, LiNbO3 and LiTaO3. Our calculations
in the framework of the density functional theory show the TO1, TO2 and TO4-modes
to become harder with increasing Nb concentration. TO3 becomes softer with increasing
Nb content, instead. The frequency shifts of the zone center A1-TO phonon modes
for crystals with different compositions are found to be as large as 30 cm-1.
Raman spectroscopy, which is sensitive to the A1 modes, can be therefore employed
to determine the crystal composition.
author:
- first_name: Simone
full_name: Sanna, Simone
last_name: Sanna
- first_name: Arthur
full_name: Riefer, Arthur
last_name: Riefer
- first_name: Sergej
full_name: Neufeld, Sergej
last_name: Neufeld
- first_name: Wolf Gero
full_name: Schmidt, Wolf Gero
last_name: Schmidt
- first_name: Gerhard
full_name: Berth, Gerhard
id: '53'
last_name: Berth
- first_name: Alex
full_name: Widhalm, Alex
last_name: Widhalm
- first_name: Artur
full_name: Zrenner, Artur
id: '606'
last_name: Zrenner
orcid: 0000-0002-5190-0944
citation:
ama: 'Sanna S, Riefer A, Neufeld S, et al. Vibrational fingerprints of LiNbO3-LiTaO3
mixed crystals. In: Proceedings of ISAF-ECAPD-PFM 2012. ; 2012.'
apa: Sanna, S., Riefer, A., Neufeld, S., Schmidt, W. G., Berth, G., Widhalm, A.,
& Zrenner, A. (2012). Vibrational fingerprints of LiNbO3-LiTaO3 mixed crystals.
In Proceedings of ISAF-ECAPD-PFM 2012. Aveiro, Portugal.
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Sanna_Riefer_Neufeld_Schmidt_Berth_Widhalm_Zrenner_2012,
title={Vibrational fingerprints of LiNbO3-LiTaO3 mixed crystals}, booktitle={Proceedings
of ISAF-ECAPD-PFM 2012}, author={Sanna, Simone and Riefer, Arthur and Neufeld,
Sergej and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Berth, Gerhard and Widhalm, Alex and Zrenner,
Artur}, year={2012} }'
chicago: Sanna, Simone, Arthur Riefer, Sergej Neufeld, Wolf Gero Schmidt, Gerhard
Berth, Alex Widhalm, and Artur Zrenner. “Vibrational Fingerprints of LiNbO3-LiTaO3
Mixed Crystals.” In Proceedings of ISAF-ECAPD-PFM 2012, 2012.
ieee: S. Sanna et al., “Vibrational fingerprints of LiNbO3-LiTaO3 mixed crystals,”
in Proceedings of ISAF-ECAPD-PFM 2012, Aveiro, Portugal, 2012.
mla: Sanna, Simone, et al. “Vibrational Fingerprints of LiNbO3-LiTaO3 Mixed Crystals.”
Proceedings of ISAF-ECAPD-PFM 2012, 2012.
short: 'S. Sanna, A. Riefer, S. Neufeld, W.G. Schmidt, G. Berth, A. Widhalm, A.
Zrenner, in: Proceedings of ISAF-ECAPD-PFM 2012, 2012.'
conference:
end_date: 2012-07-13
location: Aveiro, Portugal
name: 2012 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS HELD JOINTLY
WITH 11TH IEEE ECAPD AND IEEE PFM (ISAF/ECAPD/PFM)
start_date: 2012-07-09
date_created: 2018-09-12T14:32:09Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:01:00Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '35'
keyword:
- Ferroelectrics
- Vibrational properties
- LiNbO3
- LiTaO3
- Mixed Crystals
publication: Proceedings of ISAF-ECAPD-PFM 2012
status: public
title: Vibrational fingerprints of LiNbO3-LiTaO3 mixed crystals
type: conference
user_id: '49428'
year: '2012'
...