[{"has_accepted_license":"1","year":"2025","citation":{"ieee":"V. Tinnefeld, M. Kesternich, and M. Werthschulte, <i>Do Energy-Saving Nudges Deliver During High-Price Periods? Field Experimental Evidence From the European Energy Crisis</i>. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-60, 2025.","chicago":"Tinnefeld, Vicky, Martin Kesternich, and Madeline Werthschulte. <i>Do Energy-Saving Nudges Deliver During High-Price Periods? Field Experimental Evidence From the European Energy Crisis</i>. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-60, 2025.","ama":"Tinnefeld V, Kesternich M, Werthschulte M. <i>Do Energy-Saving Nudges Deliver During High-Price Periods? Field Experimental Evidence From the European Energy Crisis</i>. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-60; 2025.","short":"V. Tinnefeld, M. Kesternich, M. Werthschulte, Do Energy-Saving Nudges Deliver During High-Price Periods? Field Experimental Evidence From the European Energy Crisis, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-60, 2025.","mla":"Tinnefeld, Vicky, et al. <i>Do Energy-Saving Nudges Deliver During High-Price Periods? Field Experimental Evidence From the European Energy Crisis</i>. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-60, 2025.","bibtex":"@book{Tinnefeld_Kesternich_Werthschulte_2025, title={Do Energy-Saving Nudges Deliver During High-Price Periods? Field Experimental Evidence From the European Energy Crisis}, publisher={ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-60}, author={Tinnefeld, Vicky and Kesternich, Martin and Werthschulte, Madeline}, year={2025} }","apa":"Tinnefeld, V., Kesternich, M., &#38; Werthschulte, M. (2025). <i>Do Energy-Saving Nudges Deliver During High-Price Periods? Field Experimental Evidence From the European Energy Crisis</i>. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-60."},"jel":["C93","D04","D91","Q41"],"publisher":"ZEW Discussion Paper No. 25-60","date_updated":"2025-12-01T10:21:20Z","date_created":"2025-11-28T12:07:25Z","author":[{"last_name":"Tinnefeld","full_name":"Tinnefeld, Vicky","first_name":"Vicky"},{"first_name":"Martin","orcid":"0000-0002-0653-7680","last_name":"Kesternich","id":"98922","full_name":"Kesternich, Martin"},{"first_name":"Madeline","full_name":"Werthschulte, Madeline","last_name":"Werthschulte"}],"title":"Do Energy-Saving Nudges Deliver During High-Price Periods? Field Experimental Evidence From the European Energy Crisis","type":"working_paper","abstract":[{"text":"Urged by the European Energy Crisis and the threatening consequences of severe\r\nnatural gas shortages, energy providers launched gas-saving initiatives incor-\r\nporating financial incentives to reduce residential natural gas consumption. In\r\ncollaboration with one of Germany’s largest energy providers, we conducted\r\na natural field experiment (N = 2,598) to evaluate the effectiveness of a\r\nbehaviorally-guided co-design of such a gas-saving initiative by implementing\r\ntwo established behavioral instruments – reminders of gas saving intentions and\r\ndescriptive norm feedback. Our findings show limited effectiveness of the behav-\r\nioral instruments during the high-price period. The feedback risks a “boomerang\r\neffect” among households with above-average initial savings, who reduce their\r\nconservation efforts in response. The reminder does not significantly enhance sav-\r\nings in our main specifications, yet, realizes 1 percentage point savings in alternate\r\nmodels refining for outliers. Potential mechanisms include a significant intention-\r\naction gap and misperceived effectiveness of energy-saving actions, which are not\r\nalleviated by the reminder.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","file":[{"creator":"mkestern","date_created":"2025-11-28T12:04:11Z","date_updated":"2025-11-28T12:04:11Z","file_id":"62698","access_level":"closed","file_name":"dp25060.pdf","file_size":2165853,"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","success":1}],"_id":"62697","user_id":"98922","keyword":["Residential energy savings","energy crisis","behavioral interventions","survey data","field experiment"],"ddc":["330"],"file_date_updated":"2025-11-28T12:04:11Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"type":"working_paper","status":"public","file":[{"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"755,_october_2024.pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"56495","file_size":3239473,"date_created":"2024-10-10T12:25:25Z","creator":"mkestern","date_updated":"2024-10-10T12:25:25Z"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Many industrialized countries have recognized the need to mitigate energy cost increases faced by low-income households by fostering the adoption of energy-efficient technologies. How to meet this need is an open question, but “behavioral insights” are likely components of future policy designs. Applying well-established behavioral insights to low-income house- holds raises questions of transportability as they are typically underrepresented in the existing evidence base. We illustrate this problem by conducting a randomized field experiment on scalable, low-cost design elements to improve program take-up in one of the world’s largest en- ergy efficiency assistance programs. Observing investment decisions of over 1,800 low-income households in Germany’s “Refrigerator Replacement Program”, we find that the transportabil- ity problem is real and consequential: First, the most effective policy design would not have been chosen based on existing behavioral insights. Second, design elements favored by these insights either prove ineffective or even backfire, violating ‘do no harm’ principles of policy advice. Systematic testing remains crucial for addressing the transportability problem, partic- ularly for policies targeting vulnerable groups.\r\n"}],"user_id":"98922","_id":"56494","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file_date_updated":"2024-10-10T12:25:25Z","keyword":["Transportability","low-income households","field experiment","randomized controlled trial","governmental welfare programs","energy efficiency","technology adoption"],"ddc":["330"],"has_accepted_license":"1","jel":["C93","D91","Q49"],"citation":{"ama":"Kesternich M, Chlond  B, Goeschl T, Werthschulte M. <i>Transporting Behavioral Insights to Low-Income Households: A Field Experiment on Energy Efficiency Investments</i>.  AWI Discussion Paper Series No. 755; 2024.","ieee":"M. Kesternich, B. Chlond , T. Goeschl, and M. Werthschulte, <i>Transporting behavioral insights to low-income households: A field experiment on energy efficiency investments</i>.  AWI Discussion Paper Series No. 755, 2024.","chicago":"Kesternich, Martin, Bettina Chlond , Timo  Goeschl, and Madeline Werthschulte. <i>Transporting Behavioral Insights to Low-Income Households: A Field Experiment on Energy Efficiency Investments</i>.  AWI Discussion Paper Series No. 755, 2024.","apa":"Kesternich, M., Chlond , B., Goeschl, T., &#38; Werthschulte, M. (2024). <i>Transporting behavioral insights to low-income households: A field experiment on energy efficiency investments</i>.  AWI Discussion Paper Series No. 755.","short":"M. Kesternich, B. Chlond , T. Goeschl, M. Werthschulte, Transporting Behavioral Insights to Low-Income Households: A Field Experiment on Energy Efficiency Investments,  AWI Discussion Paper Series No. 755, 2024.","bibtex":"@book{Kesternich_Chlond _Goeschl_Werthschulte_2024, title={Transporting behavioral insights to low-income households: A field experiment on energy efficiency investments}, publisher={ AWI Discussion Paper Series No. 755}, author={Kesternich, Martin and Chlond , Bettina and Goeschl, Timo  and Werthschulte, Madeline}, year={2024} }","mla":"Kesternich, Martin, et al. <i>Transporting Behavioral Insights to Low-Income Households: A Field Experiment on Energy Efficiency Investments</i>.  AWI Discussion Paper Series No. 755, 2024."},"year":"2024","date_created":"2024-10-10T12:25:31Z","author":[{"first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Kesternich, Martin","id":"98922","orcid":"0000-0002-0653-7680","last_name":"Kesternich"},{"last_name":"Chlond ","full_name":"Chlond , Bettina","first_name":"Bettina"},{"last_name":"Goeschl","full_name":"Goeschl, Timo ","first_name":"Timo "},{"last_name":"Werthschulte","full_name":"Werthschulte, Madeline","first_name":"Madeline"}],"publisher":" AWI Discussion Paper Series No. 755","oa":"1","date_updated":"2024-10-11T09:04:17Z","title":"Transporting behavioral insights to low-income households: A field experiment on energy efficiency investments"},{"status":"public","type":"journal_article","file_date_updated":"2022-11-29T20:37:41Z","article_type":"letter_note","department":[{"_id":"178"},{"_id":"184"}],"user_id":"49071","_id":"34154","page":"47-55","intvolume":"        21","citation":{"apa":"Auer, T. F., Ekemen, H., Hagedorn, C., Heise, C., &#38; Rese, C. (2022). Same Different but not Same Same: Ethnic Discrimination in Application Procedures in the German Public Sector. <i>Empirical Economics Letters</i>, <i>21</i>(7), 47–55.","short":"T.F. Auer, H. Ekemen, C. Hagedorn, C. Heise, C. Rese, Empirical Economics Letters 21 (2022) 47–55.","mla":"Auer, Thorsten Fabian, et al. “Same Different but Not Same Same: Ethnic Discrimination in Application Procedures in the German Public Sector.” <i>Empirical Economics Letters</i>, vol. 21, no. 7, 2022, pp. 47–55.","bibtex":"@article{Auer_Ekemen_Hagedorn_Heise_Rese_2022, title={Same Different but not Same Same: Ethnic Discrimination in Application Procedures in the German Public Sector}, volume={21}, number={7}, journal={Empirical Economics Letters}, author={Auer, Thorsten Fabian and Ekemen, Helin and Hagedorn, Carolin and Heise, Chantal and Rese, Christine}, year={2022}, pages={47–55} }","ieee":"T. F. Auer, H. Ekemen, C. Hagedorn, C. Heise, and C. Rese, “Same Different but not Same Same: Ethnic Discrimination in Application Procedures in the German Public Sector,” <i>Empirical Economics Letters</i>, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 47–55, 2022.","chicago":"Auer, Thorsten Fabian, Helin Ekemen, Carolin Hagedorn, Chantal Heise, and Christine Rese. “Same Different but Not Same Same: Ethnic Discrimination in Application Procedures in the German Public Sector.” <i>Empirical Economics Letters</i> 21, no. 7 (2022): 47–55.","ama":"Auer TF, Ekemen H, Hagedorn C, Heise C, Rese C. Same Different but not Same Same: Ethnic Discrimination in Application Procedures in the German Public Sector. <i>Empirical Economics Letters</i>. 2022;21(7):47-55."},"jel":["C93","J71"],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1681 8997"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","volume":21,"author":[{"first_name":"Thorsten Fabian","last_name":"Auer","full_name":"Auer, Thorsten Fabian","id":"49071"},{"first_name":"Helin","last_name":"Ekemen","full_name":"Ekemen, Helin"},{"first_name":"Carolin","last_name":"Hagedorn","full_name":"Hagedorn, Carolin"},{"last_name":"Heise","full_name":"Heise, Chantal","first_name":"Chantal"},{"full_name":"Rese, Christine","last_name":"Rese","first_name":"Christine"}],"date_updated":"2023-11-23T08:15:58Z","oa":"1","file":[{"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"34160","file_name":"Auer et al 2022_Empirical Economics Letters.pdf","file_size":219466,"date_created":"2022-11-29T20:21:17Z","creator":"auerth","date_updated":"2022-11-29T20:37:41Z"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Regulations to prevent ethnic discrimination in accessing the labor\r\nmarket are implemented most thoroughly in the public sector. However, it remains\r\nto be assessed if these regulations are internalized. We conducted a field\r\nexperiment to examine ethnic discrimination when applying for internships in\r\nGerman municipalities by unsolicited inquiries. We compared responses in\r\nGerman cities to Turkish, Italian, and German applicants in two periods, and find\r\nconsistent disadvantages for the Turkish and Italian applicants as well as\r\ndifferences related to gender. Thus, the likelihood for ethnic discrimination rises\r\nwhen applying for positions in public institutions that are not subject to\r\nregulations."}],"publication":"Empirical Economics Letters","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Ethnic Discrimination","Public Sector","Field Experiment","Application Procedure"],"ddc":["330"],"year":"2022","issue":"7","title":"Same Different but not Same Same: Ethnic Discrimination in Application Procedures in the German Public Sector","date_created":"2022-11-28T22:30:11Z"},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["03601315"],"isbn":["0360-1315"]},"page":"59--68","citation":{"apa":"Sommerauer, P., &#38; Müller, O. (2014). Augmented reality in informal learning environments: A field experiment in a mathematics exhibition. <i>Computers and Education</i>, 59--68. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.013\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.013</a>","bibtex":"@article{Sommerauer_Müller_2014, title={Augmented reality in informal learning environments: A field experiment in a mathematics exhibition}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.013\">10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.013</a>}, journal={Computers and Education}, author={Sommerauer, Peter and Müller, Oliver}, year={2014}, pages={59--68} }","mla":"Sommerauer, Peter, and Oliver Müller. “Augmented Reality in Informal Learning Environments: A Field Experiment in a Mathematics Exhibition.” <i>Computers and Education</i>, 2014, pp. 59--68, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.013\">10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.013</a>.","short":"P. Sommerauer, O. Müller, Computers and Education (2014) 59--68.","ama":"Sommerauer P, Müller O. Augmented reality in informal learning environments: A field experiment in a mathematics exhibition. <i>Computers and Education</i>. 2014:59--68. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.013\">10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.013</a>","chicago":"Sommerauer, Peter, and Oliver Müller. “Augmented Reality in Informal Learning Environments: A Field Experiment in a Mathematics Exhibition.” <i>Computers and Education</i>, 2014, 59--68. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.013\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.013</a>.","ieee":"P. Sommerauer and O. Müller, “Augmented reality in informal learning environments: A field experiment in a mathematics exhibition,” <i>Computers and Education</i>, pp. 59--68, 2014."},"year":"2014","author":[{"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Sommerauer","full_name":"Sommerauer, Peter"},{"full_name":"Müller, Oliver","last_name":"Müller","first_name":"Oliver"}],"date_created":"2018-10-12T08:30:44Z","date_updated":"2022-01-06T07:01:18Z","doi":"10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.013","title":"Augmented reality in informal learning environments: A field experiment in a mathematics exhibition","publication":"Computers and Education","type":"journal_article","status":"public","user_id":"72849","_id":"4697","extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Augmented reality","Cognitive theory of multimedia learning","Field experiment","Informal learning","Museum"]}]