[{"publication":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","abstract":[{"text":"In order to standardize spray flame synthesis (SFS) studies, intensive work has been done in recent years on the design of burner types. Thus, in 2019, the so-called SpraySyn1 burner was introduced (SS1), which was subsequently characterized in numerical and experimental studies. Based on this research, a modification of the nozzle design was proposed, which has now been considered in the successor model, SpraySyn2 (SS2). As little is known about the effect of the nozzle adaptation on the particle formation, we operated both burners under identical operating conditions to produce maghemite. The final powder comparison showed that SS2 yielded considerable higher specific surface areas (associated with smaller primary particle sizes), lower polydispersity, and higher phase purity. To obtain further information on the size distributions of aggregates and agglomerates generated by SS2, aerosol samples were extracted by hole in a tube (HIAT) sampling and characterized by scanning mobility particle sizing (SMPS). Samples were extracted along the centerline at different heights above the burner (HAB) above the visible flame tip (>7 cm), and quenching experiments were performed to extract the aerosol samples at different dilution rates. Thereby, it was demonstrated that performing detailed quenching experiments is crucial for obtaining representative HIAT-SMPS data. In particular, agglomerates/aggregate sizes were overestimated by up to ~70 % if samples were not sufficiently diluted. If sufficient dilution was applied, distribution widths and mean particle mobility diameters were determined with high accuracy (sample standard derivation <5 %). Our data suggested the evolution of primary particle sizes was mostly completed <7 cm HAB and it was shown aggregates/agglomerates present above the visible flame were compact in structure (non- fractal). The mean diameter of the particle ensemble grew along the centerline from 6.9 nm (7 cm) to 11.4 nm (15 cm), while distribution widths grew from 1.42 to 1.52.","lang":"eng"}],"keyword":["Flame Spray Pyrolysis","SpraySyn2","Spray flame synthesis","Maghemite nanoparticles","Gas to particle-conversion","Hole in a tube sampling"],"ddc":["660"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2024","publisher":"Elsevier","date_created":"2024-02-05T12:02:57Z","title":"Maghemite nanoparticles synthesis via spray flame synthesis and particle characterization by hole in a tube sampling and scanning mobility particle sizing (HIAT-SMPS)","type":"journal_editor","editor":[{"first_name":"Ricardo","last_name":"Tischendorf","full_name":"Tischendorf, Ricardo","id":"67002"},{"first_name":"Orlando","last_name":"Massopo","id":"98419","full_name":"Massopo, Orlando"},{"orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921","last_name":"Schmid","id":"464","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"},{"first_name":"Olek","full_name":"Pyrmak, Olek","last_name":"Pyrmak"},{"last_name":"Dupont","full_name":"Dupont, Sophie","first_name":"Sophie"},{"first_name":"Fabian","full_name":"Fröde, Fabian","last_name":"Fröde"},{"first_name":"Heinz","full_name":"Pitsch, Heinz","last_name":"Pitsch"},{"full_name":"Kneer, Reinhold","last_name":"Kneer","first_name":"Reinhold"}],"status":"public","_id":"51133","department":[{"_id":"150"}],"user_id":"98419","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","citation":{"ieee":"R. Tischendorf <i>et al.</i>, Eds., <i>Maghemite nanoparticles synthesis via spray flame synthesis and particle characterization by hole in a tube sampling and scanning mobility particle sizing (HIAT-SMPS)</i>. Elsevier, 2024.","chicago":"Tischendorf, Ricardo, Orlando Massopo, Hans-Joachim Schmid, Olek Pyrmak, Sophie Dupont, Fabian Fröde, Heinz Pitsch, and Reinhold Kneer, eds. <i>Maghemite Nanoparticles Synthesis via Spray Flame Synthesis and Particle Characterization by Hole in a Tube Sampling and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizing (HIAT-SMPS)</i>. <i>Applications in Energy and Combustion Science</i>. Elsevier, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100235\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100235</a>.","ama":"Tischendorf R, Massopo O, Schmid H-J, et al., eds. <i>Maghemite Nanoparticles Synthesis via Spray Flame Synthesis and Particle Characterization by Hole in a Tube Sampling and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizing (HIAT-SMPS)</i>. Elsevier; 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100235\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100235</a>","bibtex":"@book{Tischendorf_Massopo_Schmid_Pyrmak_Dupont_Fröde_Pitsch_Kneer_2024, title={Maghemite nanoparticles synthesis via spray flame synthesis and particle characterization by hole in a tube sampling and scanning mobility particle sizing (HIAT-SMPS)}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100235\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100235</a>}, journal={Applications in Energy and Combustion Science}, publisher={Elsevier}, year={2024} }","mla":"Tischendorf, Ricardo, et al., editors. “Maghemite Nanoparticles Synthesis via Spray Flame Synthesis and Particle Characterization by Hole in a Tube Sampling and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizing (HIAT-SMPS).” <i>Applications in Energy and Combustion Science</i>, Elsevier, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100235\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100235</a>.","short":"R. Tischendorf, O. Massopo, H.-J. Schmid, O. Pyrmak, S. Dupont, F. Fröde, H. Pitsch, R. Kneer, eds., Maghemite Nanoparticles Synthesis via Spray Flame Synthesis and Particle Characterization by Hole in a Tube Sampling and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizing (HIAT-SMPS), Elsevier, 2024.","apa":"Maghemite nanoparticles synthesis via spray flame synthesis and particle characterization by hole in a tube sampling and scanning mobility particle sizing (HIAT-SMPS). (2024). In R. Tischendorf, O. Massopo, H.-J. Schmid, O. Pyrmak, S. Dupont, F. Fröde, H. Pitsch, &#38; R. Kneer (Eds.), <i>Applications in Energy and Combustion Science</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100235\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100235</a>"},"date_updated":"2024-02-05T12:25:00Z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100235","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X23001243?ref=cra_js_challenge&fr=RR-1"}]},{"publication":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","type":"journal_editor","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Iron oxide nanoparticles are very interesting for many applications in different industrial sectors. A promising\r\nprocess to manufacture these nanoparticles is flame spray pyrolysis (FSP). A lack of understanding of the\r\nindividual sub-processes in FSP makes it challenging to tailor nanoparticle properties. This work provides\r\ninsights into the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles in a turbulent spray flame using Large Eddy Simulations\r\n(LES), which are based on a comprehensive model, including customized submodels. Highlights are the\r\nadaption of a turbulent combustion model and a bivariate hybrid method of moments for modeling nanoparticle\r\ndynamics. The work focuses on the SpraySyn burner, which is a standardized laboratory burner and was\r\noperated with a precursor-solvent mixture of ethanol and iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate. For studying the\r\nrelevance of precursor chemistry, LES using an evaporation-limited precursor chemistry model is compared\r\nwith a model that includes detailed iron chemistry. A further novelty is the inclusion of adsorption in the\r\nsimulation, which defines a third model for comparison. Sufficient validation is achieved for the undoped LES\r\nusing experimental data from the literature. A strong impact of the detailed iron chemistry and adsorption\r\nis found on the precursor consumption and the aggregate and primary particle formation. Comparing the\r\nparticle diameters with experimental measurements from the literature and data generated for this work is\r\nfound unsuitable to asses the precursor chemistry model and revealed an urgent need for future experimental\r\nand numerical research. This work serves as a step forward in realizing a reliable model."}],"editor":[{"first_name":"Fabian ","last_name":"Fröde","full_name":"Fröde, Fabian "},{"first_name":"Temistocle ","last_name":"Grenga","full_name":"Grenga, Temistocle "},{"first_name":"Heinz ","last_name":"Pitsch","full_name":"Pitsch, Heinz "},{"full_name":"Dupont, Sophie","last_name":"Dupont","first_name":"Sophie"},{"full_name":"Kneer, Reinhold","last_name":"Kneer","first_name":"Reinhold"},{"first_name":"Ricardo","full_name":"Tischendorf, Ricardo","id":"67002","last_name":"Tischendorf"},{"last_name":"Massopo","id":"98419","full_name":"Massopo, Orlando","first_name":"Orlando"},{"first_name":"Hans-Joachim","id":"464","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921","last_name":"Schmid"}],"status":"public","_id":"51136","department":[{"_id":"150"}],"user_id":"98419","keyword":["Flame spray pyrolysis","Iron oxide formation","Large eddy simulation","Method of moments","SpraySyn"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","year":"2023","citation":{"apa":"Large eddy simulation of iron oxide formation in a laboratory spray flame. (2023). In F. Fröde, T. Grenga, H. Pitsch, S. Dupont, R. Kneer, R. Tischendorf, O. Massopo, &#38; H.-J. Schmid (Eds.), <i>Applications in Energy and Combustion Science</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191</a>","mla":"Fröde, Fabian, et al., editors. “Large Eddy Simulation of Iron Oxide Formation in a Laboratory Spray Flame.” <i>Applications in Energy and Combustion Science</i>, Elsevier, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191</a>.","short":"F. Fröde, T. Grenga, H. Pitsch, S. Dupont, R. Kneer, R. Tischendorf, O. Massopo, H.-J. Schmid, eds., Large Eddy Simulation of Iron Oxide Formation in a Laboratory Spray Flame, Elsevier, 2023.","bibtex":"@book{Fröde_Grenga_Pitsch_Dupont_Kneer_Tischendorf_Massopo_Schmid_2023, title={Large eddy simulation of iron oxide formation in a laboratory spray flame}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191</a>}, journal={Applications in Energy and Combustion Science}, publisher={Elsevier}, year={2023} }","ama":"Fröde F, Grenga T, Pitsch H, et al., eds. <i>Large Eddy Simulation of Iron Oxide Formation in a Laboratory Spray Flame</i>. Elsevier; 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191</a>","chicago":"Fröde, Fabian , Temistocle  Grenga, Heinz  Pitsch, Sophie Dupont, Reinhold Kneer, Ricardo Tischendorf, Orlando Massopo, and Hans-Joachim Schmid, eds. <i>Large Eddy Simulation of Iron Oxide Formation in a Laboratory Spray Flame</i>. <i>Applications in Energy and Combustion Science</i>. Elsevier, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191</a>.","ieee":"F. Fröde <i>et al.</i>, Eds., <i>Large eddy simulation of iron oxide formation in a laboratory spray flame</i>. Elsevier, 2023."},"publisher":"Elsevier","date_updated":"2024-02-05T12:38:43Z","date_created":"2024-02-05T12:17:35Z","title":"Large eddy simulation of iron oxide formation in a laboratory spray flame","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100191","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X23000808"}]},{"citation":{"ama":"Massopo O, Schmid H-J, Gonchikzhapov M, Kasper T. Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster). In: ; 2023.","ieee":"O. Massopo, H.-J. Schmid, M. Gonchikzhapov, and T. Kasper, “Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster),” presented at the European Aerosol Conference, Málaga, Spain , 2023.","chicago":"Massopo, Orlando, Hans-Joachim Schmid, Munko Gonchikzhapov, and Tina Kasper. “Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster),” 2023.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Massopo_Schmid_Gonchikzhapov_Kasper_2023, title={Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster)}, author={Massopo, Orlando and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Gonchikzhapov, Munko and Kasper, Tina}, year={2023} }","short":"O. Massopo, H.-J. Schmid, M. Gonchikzhapov, T. Kasper, in: 2023.","mla":"Massopo, Orlando, et al. <i>Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster)</i>. 2023.","apa":"Massopo, O., Schmid, H.-J., Gonchikzhapov, M., &#38; Kasper, T. (2023). <i>Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster)</i>. European Aerosol Conference, Málaga, Spain ."},"year":"2023","conference":{"location":"Málaga, Spain ","end_date":"2023-09-08","start_date":"2023-09-03","name":"European Aerosol Conference"},"title":"Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster)","author":[{"first_name":"Orlando","full_name":"Massopo, Orlando","id":"98419","last_name":"Massopo"},{"orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921","last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","id":"464","first_name":"Hans-Joachim"},{"full_name":"Gonchikzhapov, Munko","id":"94996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7773-047X","last_name":"Gonchikzhapov","first_name":"Munko"},{"full_name":"Kasper, Tina","id":"94562","last_name":"Kasper","orcid":"0000-0003-3993-5316 ","first_name":"Tina"}],"date_created":"2024-02-05T12:45:55Z","date_updated":"2024-02-05T12:46:11Z","status":"public","type":"conference_abstract","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Absolute particle concentration","Flame Spray Pyrolysis","SMPS","Mass Spectrometry"],"user_id":"98419","department":[{"_id":"150"},{"_id":"728"}],"_id":"51145"},{"type":"journal_article","status":"public","user_id":"94996","department":[{"_id":"43"}],"_id":"46637","article_number":"100174","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2666-352X"]},"citation":{"short":"M. Gonchikzhapov, T. Kasper, Applications in Energy and Combustion Science 15 (2023).","mla":"Gonchikzhapov, Munko, and Tina Kasper. “Thermal and Chemical Structure of Ethanol and 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid/Ethanol SpraySyn Flames.” <i>Applications in Energy and Combustion Science</i>, vol. 15, 100174, Elsevier BV, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100174\">10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100174</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Gonchikzhapov_Kasper_2023, title={Thermal and chemical structure of ethanol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid/ethanol SpraySyn flames}, volume={15}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100174\">10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100174</a>}, number={100174}, journal={Applications in Energy and Combustion Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Gonchikzhapov, Munko and Kasper, Tina}, year={2023} }","apa":"Gonchikzhapov, M., &#38; Kasper, T. (2023). Thermal and chemical structure of ethanol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid/ethanol SpraySyn flames. <i>Applications in Energy and Combustion Science</i>, <i>15</i>, Article 100174. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100174\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100174</a>","ama":"Gonchikzhapov M, Kasper T. Thermal and chemical structure of ethanol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid/ethanol SpraySyn flames. <i>Applications in Energy and Combustion Science</i>. 2023;15. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100174\">10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100174</a>","chicago":"Gonchikzhapov, Munko, and Tina Kasper. “Thermal and Chemical Structure of Ethanol and 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid/Ethanol SpraySyn Flames.” <i>Applications in Energy and Combustion Science</i> 15 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100174\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100174</a>.","ieee":"M. Gonchikzhapov and T. Kasper, “Thermal and chemical structure of ethanol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid/ethanol SpraySyn flames,” <i>Applications in Energy and Combustion Science</i>, vol. 15, Art. no. 100174, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100174\">10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100174</a>."},"intvolume":"        15","author":[{"first_name":"Munko","last_name":"Gonchikzhapov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7773-047X","full_name":"Gonchikzhapov, Munko","id":"94996"},{"first_name":"Tina","last_name":"Kasper","orcid":"0000-0003-3993-5316 ","id":"94562","full_name":"Kasper, Tina"}],"volume":15,"oa":"1","date_updated":"2023-08-24T08:55:26Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X23000638"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100174","publication":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Nanoparticle synthesis","Flame spray pyrolysis","SpraySyn burner","Flame structure","Species distribution","Temperature distribution"],"year":"2023","date_created":"2023-08-22T13:26:37Z","publisher":"Elsevier BV","title":"Thermal and chemical structure of ethanol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid/ethanol SpraySyn flames"}]