@article{48716,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Supplementing an earlier analysis of event‐related potentials in extensive motor learning (Margraf et al., 2022a, 2022b), frontal theta‐band activity (4–8 Hz) was scrutinized. Thirty‐seven participants learned a sequential arm movement with 192 trials in each of five practice sessions. Feedback, based on a performance adaptive bandwidth, was given after every trial. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in the first and last practice sessions. The degree of motor automatization was tested under dual‐task conditions in a pre‐test–post‐test design. Quantitative error information was transported in both feedback conditions (positive and negative). Frontal theta activity was discussed as a general signal that cognitive control is needed and, therefore, was expected to be higher after negative feedback. Extensive motor practice promotes automatization, and therefore, decreased frontal theta activity was expected in the later practice. Further, it was expected that frontal theta was predictive for subsequent behavioural adaptations and the amount of motor automatization. As the results show, induced frontal theta power was higher after negative feedback and decreased after five sessions of practice. Moreover, induced theta activity was predictive for error correction and, therefore, an indicator of whether the recruited cognitive resources successfully induced behavioural adaptations. It remains to be solved why these effects, which fit well with the theoretical assumptions, were only revealed by the induced part of frontal theta activity. Further, the amount of theta activity during practice was not predictive for the degree of motor automatization. It seems that there might be a dissociation between attentional resources associated with feedback processing and attentional resources associated with motor control.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Margraf, Linda and Krause, Daniel and Weigelt, Matthias}},
  issn         = {{0953-816X}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Neuroscience}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{1297--1316}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Frontal theta reveals further information about neural valence‐dependent processing of augmented feedback in extensive motor practice—A secondary analysis}}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/ejn.15951}},
  volume       = {{57}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{48715,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>For motor learning, the processing of behavioral outcomes is of high significance. The feedback‐related negativity (FRN) is an event‐related potential, which is often described as a correlate of the reward prediction error in reinforcement learning. The number of studies examining the FRN in motor tasks is increasing. This meta‐analysis summarizes the component in the motor domain and compares it to the cognitive domain. Therefore, a data set of a previous meta‐analysis in the cognitive domain that comprised 47 studies  was reanalyzed and compared to additional 25 studies of the motor domain. Further, a moderator analysis for the studies in the motor domain was conducted. The FRN amplitude was higher in the motor domain than in the cognitive domain. This might be related to a higher task complexity and a higher feedback ambiguity of motor tasks. The FRN latency was shorter in the motor domain than in the cognitive domain. Given that sensory information can be used as an external feedback predictor prior to the presentation of the final feedback, reward processing in the motor domain may have been faster and reduced the FRN latency. The moderator variable analysis revealed that the feedback modality influenced the FRN latency, with shorter FRN latencies after bimodal than after visual feedback. Processing of outcome feedback seems to share basic principles in both domains; however, differences exist and should be considered in FRN studies. Future research is motivated to scrutinize the effects of bimodal feedback and other moderators within the motor domain.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Faßbender, Laura and Krause, Daniel and Weigelt, Matthias}},
  issn         = {{0048-5772}},
  journal      = {{Psychophysiology}},
  keywords     = {{Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Biological Psychiatry, Cognitive Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Neurology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, General Neuroscience}},
  number       = {{12}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Feedback processing in cognitive and motor tasks: A meta‐analysis on the feedback‐related negativity}}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/psyp.14439}},
  volume       = {{60}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{46868,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Supplementing an earlier analysis of event‐related potentials in extensive motor learning (Margraf et al., 2022a, 2022b), frontal theta‐band activity (4–8 Hz) was scrutinized. Thirty‐seven participants learned a sequential arm movement with 192 trials in each of five practice sessions. Feedback, based on a performance adaptive bandwidth, was given after every trial. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in the first and last practice sessions. The degree of motor automatization was tested under dual‐task conditions in a pre‐test–post‐test design. Quantitative error information was transported in both feedback conditions (positive and negative). Frontal theta activity was discussed as a general signal that cognitive control is needed and, therefore, was expected to be higher after negative feedback. Extensive motor practice promotes automatization, and therefore, decreased frontal theta activity was expected in the later practice. Further, it was expected that frontal theta was predictive for subsequent behavioural adaptations and the amount of motor automatization. As the results show, induced frontal theta power was higher after negative feedback and decreased after five sessions of practice. Moreover, induced theta activity was predictive for error correction and, therefore, an indicator of whether the recruited cognitive resources successfully induced behavioural adaptations. It remains to be solved why these effects, which fit well with the theoretical assumptions, were only revealed by the induced part of frontal theta activity. Further, the amount of theta activity during practice was not predictive for the degree of motor automatization. It seems that there might be a dissociation between attentional resources associated with feedback processing and attentional resources associated with motor control.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Margraf, Linda and Krause, Daniel and Weigelt, Matthias}},
  issn         = {{0953-816X}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Neuroscience}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{1297--1316}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Frontal theta reveals further information about neural valence‐dependent processing of augmented feedback in extensive motor practice - A secondary analysis}}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/ejn.15951}},
  volume       = {{57}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{32877,
  author       = {{Gaidai, Roman and Gölz, Christian Johannes and Mora, K. and Rudisch, J. and Reuter, E.-M. and Godde, B. and Reinsberger, C. and Voelcker-Rehage, C. and Vieluf, S.}},
  issn         = {{0006-8993}},
  journal      = {{Brain Research}},
  keywords     = {{Developmental Biology, Neurology (clinical), Molecular Biology, General Neuroscience}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Classification characteristics of fine motor experts based on electroencephalographic and force tracking data}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148001}},
  volume       = {{1792}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{29182,
  author       = {{Chang, M. and Büchel, Daniel and Reinecke, K. and Lehmann, T. and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{0953-816X}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Neuroscience}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Ecological Validity in Exercise Neuroscience Research: A Systematic Investigation}}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/ejn.15595}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{31112,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Coordinative challenging exercises in changing environments referred to as open-skill exercises seem to be beneficial on cognitive function. Although electroencephalographic research allows to investigate changes in cortical processing during movement, information about cortical dynamics during open-skill exercise is lacking. Therefore, the present study examines frontal brain activation during table tennis as an open-skill exercise compared to cycling exercise and a cognitive task. 21 healthy young adults conducted three blocks of table tennis, cycling and n-back task. Throughout the experiment, cortical activity was measured using 64-channel EEG system connected to a wireless amplifier. Cortical activity was analyzed calculating theta power (4–7.5 Hz) in frontocentral clusters revealed from independent component analysis. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to identify within subject differences between conditions (table tennis, cycling, n-back; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .05). ANOVA revealed main-effects of condition on theta power in frontal (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .01, <jats:italic>η</jats:italic><jats:sub>p</jats:sub><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.35) and frontocentral (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .01, <jats:italic>η</jats:italic><jats:sub>p</jats:sub><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.39) brain areas. Post-hoc tests revealed increased theta power in table tennis compared to cycling in frontal brain areas (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .05, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 1.42). In frontocentral brain areas, theta power was significant higher in table tennis compared to cycling (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .01, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 1.03) and table tennis compared to the cognitive task (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .01, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 1.06). Increases in theta power during continuous table tennis may reflect the increased demands in perception and processing of environmental stimuli during open-skill exercise. This study provides important insights that support the beneficial effect of open-skill exercise on brain function and suggest that using open-skill exercise may serve as an intervention to induce activation of the frontal cortex.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Visser, Anton and Büchel, Daniel and Lehmann, Tim and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{0014-4819}},
  journal      = {{Experimental Brain Research}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Continuous table tennis is associated with processing in frontal brain areas: an EEG approach}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00221-022-06366-y}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{35625,
  author       = {{Chang, Melissa and Büchel, Daniel and Reinecke, Kirsten and Lehmann, Tim and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{0953-816X}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Neuroscience}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{487--509}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Ecological validity in exercise neuroscience research: A systematic investigation}}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/ejn.15595}},
  volume       = {{55}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{37766,
  author       = {{Margraf, Linda and Krause, Daniel and Weigelt, Matthias}},
  issn         = {{0306-4522}},
  journal      = {{Neuroscience}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  pages        = {{20--36}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Valence-dependent neural correlates of augmented feedback processing in extensive motor sequence learning – Part II: Predictive value of event-related potentials for behavioral adaptation and learning}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.018}},
  volume       = {{486}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{37764,
  author       = {{Margraf, Linda and Krause, Daniel and Weigelt, Matthias}},
  issn         = {{0306-4522}},
  journal      = {{Neuroscience}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  pages        = {{4--19}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Valence-dependent Neural Correlates of Augmented Feedback Processing in Extensive Motor Sequence Learning – Part I: Practice-related Changes of Feedback Processing}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.016}},
  volume       = {{486}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{32450,
  author       = {{Sherman, David A. and Lehmann, Tim and Baumeister, Jochen and Grooms, Dustin R. and Norte, Grant E.}},
  issn         = {{0014-4819}},
  journal      = {{Experimental Brain Research}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{407--420}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Somatosensory perturbations influence cortical activity associated with single-limb balance performance}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00221-021-06260-z}},
  volume       = {{240}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{48699,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The present study examines if the neural signature of information processing in mental rotation tasks is moderated by stimulus characteristics (e.g., body‐related vs. non‐body‐related stimuli). In the present experiment, stimulus sets of human figures (back view; left vs. right arm abduction) and alphanumeric characters (‘R’; normal vs. mirrored view) were scrutinized with event‐related potentials (ERPs) in the electroencephalography (EEG). Participants had to judge parity between an upright (0° orientation) and a comparison stimulus (stimulus disparity; 0°, 45°, 90°, 135° or 180°). There was a main effect of stimulus disparity for the behavioural (response time and error rates), as well as for the neural data (rotation‐related negativity, RRN). The interaction of stimulus disparity and stimulus type was significant for the RRN, but not for the response time. Lower RRN amplitudes for letters indicate a more pronounced use of alternative processes (e.g., memory retrieval), which seems to be reflected in higher N350 amplitudes. Moreover, the increase of the RRN amplitude and the increase in response time as a function of disparity were positively correlated. Task differences were evident for several ERP components (i.e., N150, P150 and N250), being independent of disparity, which might reflect differences in early and late object cognition prior to the mental rotation process itself. This might be associated with the task‐dependent activation of embodied cognition processes in mental rotation tasks.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Krause, Daniel and Richert, Benjamin and Weigelt, Matthias}},
  issn         = {{0953-816X}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Neuroscience}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{5384--5403}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Neurophysiology of embodied mental rotation: Event‐related potentials in a mental rotation task with human bodies as compared to alphanumeric stimuli}}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/ejn.15383}},
  volume       = {{54}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{48701,
  author       = {{Margraf, Linda and Krause, Daniel and Weigelt, Matthias}},
  issn         = {{0306-4522}},
  journal      = {{Neuroscience}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  pages        = {{20--36}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Valence-dependent neural correlates of augmented feedback processing in extensive motor sequence learning – Part II: Predictive value of event-related potentials for behavioral adaptation and learning}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.018}},
  volume       = {{486}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{48700,
  author       = {{Margraf, Linda and Krause, Daniel and Weigelt, Matthias}},
  issn         = {{0306-4522}},
  journal      = {{Neuroscience}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  pages        = {{4--19}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Valence-dependent Neural Correlates of Augmented Feedback Processing in Extensive Motor Sequence Learning – Part I: Practice-related Changes of Feedback Processing}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.016}},
  volume       = {{486}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{37778,
  author       = {{Krause, Daniel and Richert, Benjamin and Weigelt, Matthias}},
  issn         = {{0953-816X}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Neuroscience}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{5384--5403}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Neurophysiology of embodied mental rotation: Event‐related potentials in a mental rotation task with human bodies as compared to alphanumeric stimuli}}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/ejn.15383}},
  volume       = {{54}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{32437,
  author       = {{Sherman, David A. and Lehmann, Tim and Baumeister, Jochen and Grooms, Dustin R. and Norte, Grant E.}},
  issn         = {{0014-4819}},
  journal      = {{Experimental Brain Research}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{407--420}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Somatosensory perturbations influence cortical activity associated with single-limb balance performance}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00221-021-06260-z}},
  volume       = {{240}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{32435,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract </jats:title><jats:p>Mobile Electroencephalography (EEG) provides insights into cortical contributions to postural control. Although changes in theta (4–8 Hz) and alpha frequency power (8–12 Hz) were shown to reflect attentional and sensorimotor processing during balance tasks, information about the effect of stance leg on cortical processing related to postural control is lacking. Therefore, the aim was to examine patterns of cortical activity during single-leg stance with varying surface stability. EEG and force plate data from 21 healthy males (22.43 ± 2.23 years) was recorded during unipedal stance (left/right) on a stable and unstable surface. Using source-space analysis, power spectral density was analyzed in the theta, alpha-1 (8–10 Hz) and alpha-2 (10–12 Hz) frequency bands. Repeated measures ANOVA with the factors leg and surface stability revealed significant interaction effects in the left (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.045, <jats:italic>η</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>p</jats:italic></jats:sub><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.13) and right motor clusters (<jats:italic>F</jats:italic> = 16.156; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.001, <jats:italic>η</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>p</jats:italic></jats:sub><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.41). Furthermore, significant main effects for surface stability were observed for the fronto-central cluster (theta), left and right motor (alpha-1), as well as for the right parieto-occipital cluster (alpha-1/alpha-2). Leg dependent changes in alpha-2 power may indicate lateralized patterns of cortical processing in motor areas during single-leg stance. Future studies may therefore consider lateralized patterns of cortical activity for the interpretation of postural deficiencies in unilateral lower limb injuries.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Büchel, Daniel and Lehmann, Tim and Ullrich, Sarah and Cockcroft, John and Louw, Quinette and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{0014-4819}},
  journal      = {{Experimental Brain Research}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{1193--1202}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Stance leg and surface stability modulate cortical activity during human single leg stance}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00221-021-06035-6}},
  volume       = {{239}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{32442,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Electroencephalographic (EEG) research indicates changes in adults’ low frequency bands of frontoparietal brain areas executing different balance tasks with increasing postural demands. However, this issue is unsolved for adolescents when performing the same balance task with increasing difficulty. Therefore, we examined the effects of a progressively increasing balance task difficulty on balance performance and brain activity in adolescents. Thirteen healthy adolescents aged 16–17 year performed tests in bipedal upright stance on a balance board with six progressively increasing levels of task difficulty. Postural sway and cortical activity were recorded simultaneously using a pressure sensitive measuring system and EEG. The power spectrum was analyzed for theta (4–7 Hz) and alpha-2 (10–12 Hz) frequency bands in pre-defined frontal, central, and parietal clusters of electrocortical sources. Repeated measures analysis of variance (rmANOVA) showed a significant main effect of task difficulty for postural sway (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001; <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 6.36). Concomitantly, the power spectrum changed in frontal, bilateral central, and bilateral parietal clusters. RmANOVAs revealed significant main effects of task difficulty for theta band power in the frontal (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 1.80) and both central clusters (left: <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 1.49; right: <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 1.42) as well as for alpha-2 band power in both parietal clusters (left: <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 1.39; right: <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 1.05) and in the central right cluster (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.005, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.92). Increases in theta band power (frontal, central) and decreases in alpha-2 power (central, parietal) with increasing balance task difficulty may reflect increased attentional processes and/or error monitoring as well as increased sensory information processing due to increasing postural demands. In general, our findings are mostly in agreement with studies conducted in adults. Similar to adult studies, our data with adolescents indicated the involvement of frontoparietal brain areas in the regulation of postural control. In addition, we detected that activity of selected brain areas (e.g., bilateral central) changed with increasing postural demands.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Gebel, Arnd and Lehmann, Tim and Granacher, Urs}},
  issn         = {{0014-4819}},
  journal      = {{Experimental Brain Research}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{1323--1333}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Balance task difficulty affects postural sway and cortical activity in healthy adolescents}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00221-020-05810-1}},
  volume       = {{238}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{30120,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>As the proportion of people over 60 years of age rises continuously in westernized societies, it becomes increasingly important to better understand aging processes and how to maintain independence in old age. Fine motor tasks are essential in daily living and, therefore, necessary to maintain. This paper extends the existing literature on fine motor control by manipulating the difficulty of a force maintenance task to characterize performance optima for elderly. Thirty-seven elderly (<jats:italic>M</jats:italic> = 68.00, SD = 4.65) performed a force control task at dynamically varying force levels, i.e. randomly changing every 3 s between 10%, 20%, and 30% of the individual’s maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). This task was performed alone or with one or two additional tasks to increase task difficulty. The force control characteristics accuracy, variability, and complexity were analyzed. Lowest variability was observed at 20%. Accuracy and complexity increased with increasing force level. Overall, increased task difficulty had a negative impact on task performance. Results support the assumption, that attention control has a major impact on force control performance in elderly people. We assume different parameters to have their optimum at different force levels, which remain comparably stable when additional tasks are performed. The study contributes to a better understanding of how force control is affected in real-life situations when it is performed simultaneously to other cognitive and sensory active and passive tasks.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Strote, Caren and Gölz, Christian Johannes and Stroehlein, Julia Kristin and Haase, Franziska Katharina and Koester, Dirk and Reinsberger, Claus and Vieluf, Solveig}},
  issn         = {{0014-4819}},
  journal      = {{Experimental Brain Research}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  number       = {{10}},
  pages        = {{2179--2188}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Effects of force level and task difficulty on force control performance in elderly people}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00221-020-05864-1}},
  volume       = {{238}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{32436,
  author       = {{Lehmann, Tim and Büchel, Daniel and Cockcroft, John and Louw, Quinette and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{0306-4522}},
  journal      = {{Neuroscience}},
  keywords     = {{General Neuroscience}},
  pages        = {{63--72}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Modulations of Inter-Hemispherical Phase Coupling in Human Single Leg Stance}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.01.029}},
  volume       = {{430}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@article{48702,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>ERPs in the EEG were scrutinized in learning a complex arm movement sequence with the aim to examine valence effects on processing augmented feedback during practice. Twenty‐four healthy subjects practiced one session with 192 feedback trials according to an adaptive bandwidth feedback approach with a high informational level of feedback information (i.e., amplitude and direction of errors). The bandwidth for successful performance (increase of a score for a monetary competition) was manipulated to yield a success rate (positive feedback frequency) of approximately 50% adaptive to the current performance level. This allowed a variation of feedback valence unconfounded by success rate. In line with our hypotheses, the EEG data showed a valence‐dependent feedback‐related negativity (FRN) and a later fronto‐central component at the FCz electrode as well as a P300 component at the Pz electrode. Moreover, the P300 and amplitudes in the FRN time window reduced in the second half of practice but were still dependent on feedback valence. Behavioral adjustments were larger after feedback with negative valence and were predicted by the late fronto‐central component. The data support the assumption of feedback valence‐dependent modulation of attentional cognitive involvement in motor control and learning.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Krause, Daniel and Koers, Timo and Maurer, Lisa Katharina}},
  issn         = {{0048-5772}},
  journal      = {{Psychophysiology}},
  keywords     = {{Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Biological Psychiatry, Cognitive Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Neurology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, General Neuroscience}},
  number       = {{3}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Valence‐dependent brain potentials of processing augmented feedback in learning a complex arm movement sequence}}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/psyp.13508}},
  volume       = {{57}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}