---
_id: '63838'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Industrial electrification is increasing to reduce fossil fuel dependence,
    alongside a growing share of volatile renewables.\r\nA secure and reliable energy
    supply is crucial for industry, leading to a shift from centralised to decentralised
    grid structures.\r\nDC microgrids becoming increasingly popular in industry, since
    they enable energy recuperation from braking, reduce components and cables, and
    integrate storage and local generation to manage supply interruptions or peak
    loads.\r\nEVs add further synergies by serving as mobile storage units, helping
    to store and redistribute locally generated renewable energy.\r\nThis paper analyses
    how EV integration in droop-controlled DC grids can contribute to a more stable,
    low-emission and peak-reduced load profile to the supply grid through load shifting
    and bridge interruptions.\r\nA droop-controlled DC grid model has been developed,
    incorporating an EV charging park based on probability functions.\r\nScalable
    scenarios allow for diverse condition analysis using an energy management system
    that utilises fuzzy logic and sequential MILP optimisation.\r\nIt has been shown
    that a 7% improvement of coefficient represented grid-serving behaviour is possible
    by load shifting.\r\nIt has also been demonstrated that an optimised EMS can reduce
    the demand-based CO2 emissions by 41kg for a representative day compared to a
    fuzzy logic EMS.\r\nAt the same time peak load is decreased yielding a more constant
    residual load.\r\nThese results highlight the potential of a controlled bidirectional
    charging infrastructure in DC grids and underscore the need to explicitly consider
    charging processes to ensure a residual load as constant as possible."
article_number: '100227'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Henning Christoph
  full_name: Rahlf, Henning Christoph
  id: '56955'
  last_name: Rahlf
  orcid: 0009-0006-8106-2132
- first_name: Lukas
  full_name: Knorr, Lukas
  id: '90391'
  last_name: Knorr
  orcid: 0009-0005-4727-7511
- first_name: Simon
  full_name: Althoff, Simon
  last_name: Althoff
- first_name: Henning
  full_name: Meschede, Henning
  id: '86954'
  last_name: Meschede
  orcid: 0000-0002-1538-089X
citation:
  ama: Rahlf HC, Knorr L, Althoff S, Meschede H. Analysis of bidirectional EV charging
    infrastructures within industrial DC grids. <i>Smart Energy</i>. Published online
    2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227">10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227</a>
  apa: Rahlf, H. C., Knorr, L., Althoff, S., &#38; Meschede, H. (2026). Analysis of
    bidirectional EV charging infrastructures within industrial DC grids. <i>Smart
    Energy</i>, Article 100227. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Rahlf_Knorr_Althoff_Meschede_2026, title={Analysis of bidirectional
    EV charging infrastructures within industrial DC grids}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227">10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227</a>},
    number={100227}, journal={Smart Energy}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Rahlf,
    Henning Christoph and Knorr, Lukas and Althoff, Simon and Meschede, Henning},
    year={2026} }'
  chicago: Rahlf, Henning Christoph, Lukas Knorr, Simon Althoff, and Henning Meschede.
    “Analysis of Bidirectional EV Charging Infrastructures within Industrial DC Grids.”
    <i>Smart Energy</i>, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227</a>.
  ieee: 'H. C. Rahlf, L. Knorr, S. Althoff, and H. Meschede, “Analysis of bidirectional
    EV charging infrastructures within industrial DC grids,” <i>Smart Energy</i>,
    Art. no. 100227, 2026, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227">10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227</a>.'
  mla: Rahlf, Henning Christoph, et al. “Analysis of Bidirectional EV Charging Infrastructures
    within Industrial DC Grids.” <i>Smart Energy</i>, 100227, Elsevier BV, 2026, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227">10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227</a>.
  short: H.C. Rahlf, L. Knorr, S. Althoff, H. Meschede, Smart Energy (2026).
date_created: 2026-02-02T14:45:17Z
date_updated: 2026-02-03T12:58:44Z
department:
- _id: '644'
doi: 10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227
keyword:
- DC-grid
- Droop control
- Grid-serving behaviour
- Grid stability
- Bidirectional charging
- Sequential decision
- MILP optimisation
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Smart Energy
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2666-9552
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Analysis of bidirectional EV charging infrastructures within industrial DC
  grids
type: journal_article
user_id: '56955'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '22218'
author:
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauter, Stefan
  id: '28836'
  last_name: Krauter
  orcid: 0000-0002-3594-260X
- first_name: Joachim
  full_name: Böcker, Joachim
  id: '66'
  last_name: Böcker
  orcid: 0000-0002-8480-7295
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Freitag, Christine
  id: '20560'
  last_name: Freitag
- first_name: Burkhard
  full_name: Hehenkamp, Burkhard
  id: '37339'
  last_name: Hehenkamp
- first_name: Ulrich
  full_name: Hilleringmann, Ulrich
  id: '20179'
  last_name: Hilleringmann
- first_name: Katrin
  full_name: Temmen, Katrin
  id: '30086'
  last_name: Temmen
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Klaus, Tobias
  last_name: Klaus
- first_name: Nicolaus
  full_name: Rohrer, Nicolaus
  last_name: Rohrer
- first_name: Sven
  full_name: Lehmann, Sven
  last_name: Lehmann
citation:
  ama: 'Krauter S, Böcker J, Freitag C, et al. Projekt Art-D Grids: Nachhaltige und
    stabile Microgrids in Afrika - eine Plattform für Forschung und Lehre für die
    Entwicklung. In: <i>Tagungsband des 36. PV-Symposiums, 18.-26 Mai 2021</i>. Conexio;
    2021:305-309.'
  apa: 'Krauter, S., Böcker, J., Freitag, C., Hehenkamp, B., Hilleringmann, U., Temmen,
    K., Klaus, T., Rohrer, N., &#38; Lehmann, S. (2021). Projekt Art-D Grids: Nachhaltige
    und stabile Microgrids in Afrika - eine Plattform für Forschung und Lehre für
    die Entwicklung. <i>Tagungsband des 36. PV-Symposiums, 18.-26 Mai 2021</i>, 305–309.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Krauter_Böcker_Freitag_Hehenkamp_Hilleringmann_Temmen_Klaus_Rohrer_Lehmann_2021,
    place={Pforzheim}, title={Projekt Art-D Grids: Nachhaltige und stabile Microgrids
    in Afrika - eine Plattform für Forschung und Lehre für die Entwicklung}, booktitle={Tagungsband
    des 36. PV-Symposiums, 18.-26 Mai 2021}, publisher={Conexio}, author={Krauter,
    Stefan and Böcker, Joachim and Freitag, Christine and Hehenkamp, Burkhard and
    Hilleringmann, Ulrich and Temmen, Katrin and Klaus, Tobias and Rohrer, Nicolaus
    and Lehmann, Sven}, year={2021}, pages={305–309} }'
  chicago: 'Krauter, Stefan, Joachim Böcker, Christine Freitag, Burkhard Hehenkamp,
    Ulrich Hilleringmann, Katrin Temmen, Tobias Klaus, Nicolaus Rohrer, and Sven Lehmann.
    “Projekt Art-D Grids: Nachhaltige und stabile Microgrids in Afrika - eine Plattform
    für Forschung und Lehre für die Entwicklung.” In <i>Tagungsband des 36. PV-Symposiums,
    18.-26 Mai 2021</i>, 305–9. Pforzheim: Conexio, 2021.'
  ieee: 'S. Krauter <i>et al.</i>, “Projekt Art-D Grids: Nachhaltige und stabile Microgrids
    in Afrika - eine Plattform für Forschung und Lehre für die Entwicklung,” in <i>Tagungsband
    des 36. PV-Symposiums, 18.-26 Mai 2021</i>, Staffelstein / online, 2021, pp. 305–309.'
  mla: 'Krauter, Stefan, et al. “Projekt Art-D Grids: Nachhaltige und stabile Microgrids
    in Afrika - eine Plattform für Forschung und Lehre für die Entwicklung.” <i>Tagungsband
    des 36. PV-Symposiums, 18.-26 Mai 2021</i>, Conexio, 2021, pp. 305–09.'
  short: 'S. Krauter, J. Böcker, C. Freitag, B. Hehenkamp, U. Hilleringmann, K. Temmen,
    T. Klaus, N. Rohrer, S. Lehmann, in: Tagungsband des 36. PV-Symposiums, 18.-26
    Mai 2021, Conexio, Pforzheim, 2021, pp. 305–309.'
conference:
  end_date: 2021-05-26
  location: Staffelstein / online
  name: 36. PV-Symposium
  start_date: 2021-05-18
date_created: 2021-05-20T09:58:43Z
date_updated: 2024-01-19T16:43:56Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '53'
- _id: '475'
- _id: '52'
- _id: '453'
- _id: '59'
- _id: '300'
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: krauter
  date_created: 2022-01-06T11:49:19Z
  date_updated: 2022-01-06T11:49:19Z
  file_id: '29170'
  file_name: Staffelstein 2021 ART-D S.305-309.pdf
  file_size: 5128404
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-01-06T11:49:19Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Art-D
- Afrika
- Resilienz
- Resilience
- Grid stability
- robustness
- microgrids
language:
- iso: ger
page: 305-309
place: Pforzheim
publication: Tagungsband des 36. PV-Symposiums, 18.-26 Mai 2021
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-3-948176-14-3
publication_status: published
publisher: Conexio
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Projekt Art-D Grids: Nachhaltige und stabile Microgrids in Afrika - eine Plattform
  für Forschung und Lehre für die Entwicklung'
type: conference
user_id: '66'
year: '2021'
...