@article{57971, abstract = {{Repetitive TMS (rTMS) with a frequency of 5-10~Hz is widely used for language mapping. However, it may be accompanied by discomfort and is limited in the number and reliability of evoked language errors. We, here, systematically tested the influence of different stimulation frequencies (i.e., 10, 30, and 50 Hz) on tolerability, number, reliability, and cortical distribution of language errors aiming at improved language mapping. 15 right-handed, healthy subjects (m~=~8, median age: 29 yrs) were investigated in two sessions, separated by 2-5 days. In each session, 10, 30, and 50 Hz rTMS were applied over the left hemisphere in a randomized order during a picture naming task. Overall, 30 Hz rTMS evoked significantly more errors (20 $\pm$ 12{%}) compared to 50 Hz (12 $\pm$ 8{%}; p {\textless}.01), whereas error rates were comparable between 30/50 and 10~Hz (18 $\pm$ 11{%}). Across all conditions, a significantly higher error rate was found in Session 1 (19 $\pm$ 13{%}) compared to Session 2 (13 $\pm$ 7{%}, p {\textless}.05). The error rate was poorly reliable between sessions for 10 (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC~=~.315) and 30 Hz (ICC~=~.427), whereas 50 Hz showed a moderate reliability (ICC~=~.597). Spatial reliability of language errors was low to moderate with a tendency toward increased reliability for higher frequencies, for example, within frontal regions. Compared to 10~Hz, both, 30 and 50 Hz were rated as less painful. Taken together, our data favor the use of rTMS-protocols employing higher frequencies for evoking language errors reliably and with reduced discomfort, depending on the region of interest.}}, author = {{Nettekoven, Charlotte and Pieczewski, Julia and Neuschmelting, Volker and Jonas, Kristina and Goldbrunner, Roland and Grefkes, Christian and Weiss Lucas, Carolin}}, journal = {{Human brain mapping}}, keywords = {{Adult, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging/physiology, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Pattern Recognition, Psycholinguistics, Reproducibility of Results, Speech/physiology, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Visual/physiology, Young Adult}}, number = {{16}}, pages = {{5309–5321}}, title = {{{Improving the efficacy and reliability of rTMS language mapping by increasing the stimulation frequency}}}, doi = {{10.1002/hbm.25619}}, volume = {{42}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{6066, abstract = {{Selective visual attention improves performance in many tasks. Among others, it leads to 'prior entry'—earlier perception of an attended compared to an unattended stimulus. Whether this phenomenon is purely based on an increase of the processing rate of the attended stimulus or if a decrease in the processing rate of the unattended stimulus also contributes to the effect is, up to now, unanswered. Here we describe a novel approach to this question based on Bundesen’s Theory of Visual Attention, which we use to overcome the limitations of earlier prior-entry assessment with temporal order judgments (TOJs) that only allow relative statements regarding the processing speed of attended and unattended stimuli. Prevalent models of prior entry in TOJs either indirectly predict a pure acceleration or cannot model the difference between acceleration and deceleration. In a paradigm that combines a letter-identification task with TOJs, we show that indeed acceleration of the attended and deceler}}, author = {{Tünnermann, Jan and Petersen, Anders and Scharlau, Ingrid}}, issn = {{1534-7362}}, journal = {{Journal of Vision}}, keywords = {{unattended stimuli, attention speed, cognitive processing, Attention, Humans, Judgment, Mental Recall, Visual Perception, Stimulus Parameters, Visual Perception, Visual Attention, Cognitive Processes, Velocity}}, number = {{3}}, title = {{{Does attention speed up processing? Decreases and increases of processing rates in visual prior entry.}}}, doi = {{10.1167/15.3.1}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{58013, abstract = {{This study examines whether lexical repetition, syntactic skills, and working memory (WM) affect children’s syntactic-priming behavior, i.e. their tendency to adopt previously encountered syntactic structures. Children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and typically developing (TD) children were primed with prenominal (e.g., the yellow cup) or relative clause (RC; e.g., the cup that is yellow) structures with or without lexical overlap and performed additional tests of productive syntactic skills and WM capacity. Results revealed a reliable syntactic-priming effect without lexical boost in both groups: SLI and TD children produced more RCs following RC primes than following prenominal primes. Grammaticality requirements influenced RC productions in that SLI children produced fewer grammatical RCs than TD children. Of the additional measures, WM positively affected how frequently children produced dispreferred RC structures, but productive syntactic skills had no effect. The results support an implicit-learning account of syntactic priming and emphasize the importance of WM in syntactic priming tasks.}}, author = {{Foltz, Anouschka and Thiele, Kristina and Kahsnitz, Dunja and Stenneken, Prisca}}, journal = {{Journal of child language}}, keywords = {{Child, Female, Germany, Humans, Linguistics, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Vocabulary}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{932–945}}, title = {{{Children’s syntactic-priming magnitude: lexical factors and participant characteristics}}}, doi = {{10.1017/S0305000914000488}}, volume = {{42}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{6081, abstract = {{The law of prior entry states that attended objects come to consciousness more quickly than unattended ones. This has been well established in spatial cueing paradigms, where two task-relevant stimuli are presented near-simultaneously at two different locations. Here, we suggest that prior entry also plays a pivotal role in temporal attention paradigms, where stimuli appear at the same location but at distinct moments in time, in rapid serial presentation (RSVP). Specifically, we hypothesize that prior entry can explain temporal order reversals in reporting two targets from RSVP. In support of this, three experiments show that cueing attention toward either of the targets has a strong influence on order errors. We conclude that prior entry provides a viable explanation of the way in which relevant information is prioritized in RSVP. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)}}, author = {{Hilkenmeier, Frederic and Olivers, Christian N. L. and Scharlau, Ingrid}}, issn = {{0096-1523}}, journal = {{Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance}}, keywords = {{attentional blink, attentional enhancement, lag-1 sparing, prior entry, temporal cueing, visual attention, rapid serial presentation, Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Attentional Blink, Color Perception, Cues, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Young Adult, Cues, Serial Recall, Visual Attention, Eyeblink Reflex}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{180 -- 190}}, title = {{{Prior entry and temporal attention: Cueing affects order errors in RSVP.}}}, volume = {{38}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{6064, abstract = {{If one of two events is attended to, it will be perceived earlier than a simultaneously occurring unattended event. Since 150 years, this effect has been ascribed to the facilitating influence of attention, also known as prior entry. Yet, the attentional origin of prior-entry effects¹ has been repeatedly doubted. One criticism is that prior-entry effects might be due to biased decision processes that would mimic a temporal advantage for attended stimuli. Although most obvious biases have already been excluded experimentally (e.g. judgment criteria, response compatibility) and prior-entry effects have shown to persist (Shore, Spence, & Klein, 2001), many other biases are conceivable, which makes it difficult to put the debate to an end. Thus, we approach this problem the other way around by asking whether prior-entry effects can be biased voluntarily. Observers were informed about prior entry and instructed to reduce it as far as possible. For this aim they received continuous feedback}}, author = {{Weiß, Katharina and Scharlau, Ingrid}}, issn = {{0001-6918}}, journal = {{Acta Psychologica}}, keywords = {{intentions, events, attention, decision processes, Adult, Attention, Choice Behavior, Cues, Female, Humans, Intention, Judgment, Male, Middle Aged, Reaction Time, Time Perception, Visual Perception, Attention, Decision Making, Experiences (Events), Intention}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{54 -- 64}}, title = {{{At the mercy of prior entry: Prior entry induced by invisible primes is not susceptible to current intentions.}}}, volume = {{139}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{6085, abstract = {{In three experiments, we tested whether sequentially coding two visual stimuli can create a spatial misperception of a visual moving stimulus. In Experiment 1, we showed that a spatial misperception, the flash-lag effect, is accompanied by a similar temporal misperception of first perceiving the flash and only then a change of the moving stimulus, when in fact the two events were exactly simultaneous. In Experiment 2, we demonstrated that when the spatial misperception of a flash-lag effect is absent, the temporal misperception is also absent. In Experiment 3, we extended these findings and showed that if the stimulus conditions require coding first a flash and subsequently a nearby moving stimulus, a spatial flash-lag effect is found, with the position of the moving stimulus being misperceived as shifted in the direction of its motion, whereas this spatial misperception is reversed so that the moving stimulus is misperceived as shifted in a direction opposite to its motion when the c}}, author = {{Priess, Heinz-Werner and Scharlau, Ingrid and Becker, Stefanie I. and Ansorge, Ulrich}}, issn = {{1943-3921}}, journal = {{Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics}}, keywords = {{spatial mislocalization, sequential coding, stimulus parameters, Attention, Discrimination (Psychology), Humans, Judgment, Motion Perception, Optical Illusions, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psychophysics, Space Perception, Cognitive Processes, Motion Perception, Perceptual Localization, Spatial Perception, Stimulus Parameters, Consequence}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{365 -- 378}}, title = {{{Spatial mislocalization as a consequence of sequential coding of stimuli.}}}, volume = {{74}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{6082, abstract = {{When two targets are presented in rapid succession, the first target (T1) is usually identified, but the second target (T2) is often missed. A remarkable exception to this 'attentional blink' occurs when T2 immediately follows the first T1, at lag 1. It is then often spared but reported in the wrong order—that is, before T1. These order reversals have led to the hypothesis that 'lag 1 sparing' occurs because the two targets merge into a single episodic representation. Here, we report evidence consistent with an alternative theory: T2 receives more attention than T1, leading to prior entry into working memory. Two experiments showed that the more T2 performance exceeded that for T1, the more order reversals were made. Furthermore, precuing T1 led to a shift in performance benefits from T2 to T1 and to an equivalent reduction in order reversals. We conclude that it is not necessary to assume episodic integration to explain lag 1 sparing or the accompanying order reversals. (PsycINFO Dat}}, author = {{Olivers, Christian N. L. and Hilkenmeier, Frederic and Scharlau, Ingrid}}, issn = {{1943-3921}}, journal = {{Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics}}, keywords = {{attentional blink, order reversals, prior entry, working memory, visual attention, attentional performance, Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Attentional Blink, Color Perception, Cues, Discrimination (Psychology), Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psychophysics, Reaction Time, Reversal Learning, Sensory Gating, Serial Learning, Young Adult, Eyeblink Reflex, Stimulus Change, Stimulus Parameters, Visual Attention, Attentional Blink, Short Term Memory}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{53 -- 67}}, title = {{{Prior entry explains order reversals in the attentional blink.}}}, volume = {{73}}, year = {{2011}}, } @article{6084, abstract = {{Attended stimuli are perceived as occurring earlier than unattended stimuli. This phenomenon of prior entry is usually identified by a shift in the point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) in temporal order judgements (TOJs). According to its traditional psychophysical interpretation, the PSS coincides with the perception of simultaneity. This assumption is, however, questionable. Technically, the PSS represents the temporal interval between two stimuli at which the two alternative TOJs are equally likely. Thus it also seems possible that observers perceive not simultaneity, but uncertainty of temporal order. This possibility is supported by prior-entry studies, which find that perception of simultaneity is not very likely at the PSS. The present study tested the percept at the PSS in prior entry, using peripheral cues to orient attention. We found that manipulating attention caused varying temporal perceptions around the PSS. On some occasions observers perceived the two stimuli as sim}}, author = {{Weiß, Katharina and Scharlau, Ingrid}}, issn = {{1747-0218}}, journal = {{The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology}}, keywords = {{temporal order perception, simultaneity, temporal order judgment, attention, visual perception, Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Cues, Discrimination (Psychology), Female, Humans, Judgment, Male, Models, Psychological, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Time Factors, Uncertainty, Visual Perception, Young Adult, Attention, Judgment, Stimulus Similarity, Time Perception, Visual Discrimination, Temporal Order (Judgment)}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{394 -- 416}}, title = {{{Simultaneity and temporal order perception: Different sides of the same coin? Evidence from a visual prior-entry study.}}}, volume = {{64}}, year = {{2011}}, } @article{6067, abstract = {{Implicit change detection demonstrates how the visual system can benefit from stored information that is not immediately available to conscious awareness. We investigated the role of motor action in this context. In the first two experiments, using a one-shot implicit change detection paradigm, participants responded to unperceived changes either with an action (jabbing the screen at the guessed location of a change) or with words (verbal report), and sat either 60 cm or 300 cm (with a laser pointer) away from the display. Our observers guessed the locations of changes at a reachable distance better with an action than with a verbal judgment. At 300 cm, beyond reach, the motor advantage disappeared. In experiment 3, this advantage was also unavailable when participants sat at a reachable distance but responded with hand-held laser pointers near their bodies. We conclude that a motor system specialized for real-time visually guided behavior has access to additional visual information. }}, author = {{Tseng, Philip and Tuennermann, Jan and Roker-Knight, Nancy and Winter, Dorina and Scharlau, Ingrid and Bridgeman, Bruce}}, issn = {{0301-0066}}, journal = {{Perception}}, keywords = {{implicit change detection, action perception, visual system, perceptual judgment, verbal fluency, Analysis of Variance, Awareness, Female, Humans, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Random Allocation, Reaction Time, Visual Perception, Visual Memory, Visual Stimulation, Implicit Memory, Judgment, Perceptual Discrimination}}, number = {{10}}, pages = {{1311 -- 1321}}, title = {{{Enhancing implicit change detection through action.}}}, volume = {{39}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{6090, abstract = {{Comments on an article by Jan Theeuwes (see record [rid]2010-20897-002[/rid]). Theeuwes summarizes an impressive number of studies demonstrating interference by irrelevant visual singletons in computer experiments with humans. Theeuwes assumes that this salience-driven capture of attention is fast and occurs within 150 ms since singleton onset, during the feed-forward phase of visual processing. In contrast to Theeuwes, we think that top–down contingent capture is the rule and explains initial and fast attention capture effects in the first feed-forward phase of visual processing. During a later phase and under some conditions exogenous capture of attention possibly follows. At the same time, we propose that the evidence presented by Theeuwes fails to support exogenous orienting because it fails to exclude a top–down contingent capture explanation. We present our arguments in two sections. One major source of evidence for top–down controlled attentional capture during the feed-forward}}, author = {{Ansorge, Ulrich and Horstmann, Gernot and Scharlau, Ingrid}}, issn = {{0001-6918}}, journal = {{Acta Psychologica}}, keywords = {{visual selection, attention, information, visual field, brain, Attention, Humans, Models, Psychological, Visual Perception, Volition, Brain, Visual Field, Visual Perception, Visual Attention, Information}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{123 -- 126}}, title = {{{Top–down contingent attentional capture during feed-forward visual processing.}}}, volume = {{135}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{6070, abstract = {{The Fehrer-Raab effect (simple reaction time is unaffected by metacontrast masking of the test stimulus) seems to imply that a stimulus can trigger a voluntary reaction without reaching a conscious representation. However, it is also possible that the mask triggers the reaction, and that the masked test stimulus causes a focussing of attention from which processing of the mask profits, thus reaching conscious representation earlier. This is predicted by the Weather Station Model of visual masking. Three experiments tested this explanation. Experiment 1 showed that the masked test stimulus caused a temporal shift of the mask. Experiment 2 showed that the reaction in the Fehrer-Raab effect was not exclusively triggered by a conscious representation of the test stimulus: the mask was involved in evoking the reaction. Experiment 3 again revealed a temporal shift of the mask. However, the shift was only about half as large as the Fehrer-Raab effect. The psychometric functions suggested tha}}, author = {{Neumann, Odmar and Scharlau, Ingrid}}, issn = {{0340-0727}}, journal = {{Psychological Research}}, keywords = {{Fehrer-Raab effect, Weather Station Model, visual backward masking, reaction time, metacontrast masking, conscious representation, Cognition, Humans, Perceptual Masking, Pilot Projects, Psychology, Experimental, Psychometrics, Reaction Time, Visual Perception, Models, Reaction Time, Visual Contrast, Visual Masking}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{667 -- 677}}, title = {{{Experiments on the Fehrer-Raab effect and the 'Weather Station Model' of visual backward masking.}}}, volume = {{71}}, year = {{2007}}, } @article{6093, abstract = {{The U-shaped metacontrast function may result from the superimposition of two monotonic components which reflect the effects of mechanisms similar to the peripheral and central processes suggested for backward pattern masking by Turvey (Psychol Rev 80:1-52, 1973). In an experiment using the disc-ring paradigm, it was demonstrated that the decreasing and increasing branches of the metacontrast function are differently affected by the exposure duration of the mask and a task-irrelevant stimulus (distractor) appearing in the contralateral visual hemifield. The phenomenal representation of masking is different for the two parts of the curve. It is suggested that masking in the second part of the masking function, but not in the first, is related to the control of visual attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)}}, author = {{Neumann, Odmar and Scharlau, Ingrid}}, issn = {{0340-0727}}, journal = {{Psychological Research}}, keywords = {{visual attention, metacontrast, backward pattern masking, monotonic components superimposition, Attention, Contrast Sensitivity, Humans, Judgment, Perceptual Masking, Visual Perception, Metacognition, Visual Contrast, Visual Attention, Visual Masking}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{626 -- 633}}, title = {{{Visual attention and the mechanism of metacontrast.}}}, volume = {{71}}, year = {{2007}}, } @article{6079, abstract = {{The present paper reviews recent research on perceptual latency priming (PLP). PLP is the relative latency advantage--earlier perception--of a visual stimulus that is preceded by another, masked stimulus at its location. The first stimulus attracts attention which accelerates perception of the second stimulus. This facilitation arises even if the first stimulus is visually backward-masked by the second one. The paper summarises research on temporal and spatial properties of PLP and the question whether intentions mediate shifts of attention to external events. Possible sources of PLP besides visuo-spatial attention are discussed. Finally, I give a review of feedforward and reentrant models of PLP and compare them to the empirical evidence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)}}, author = {{Scharlau, Ingrid}}, issn = {{0340-0727}}, journal = {{Psychological Research}}, keywords = {{perceptual latency priming, attentional facilitation, visuospatial attention, visual backward masking, prior entry, Attention, Humans, Judgment, Reaction Time, Space Perception, Attention, Priming, Response Latency, Visual Masking, Visuospatial Ability}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{678 -- 686}}, title = {{{Perceptual latency priming: A measure of attentional facilitation.}}}, volume = {{71}}, year = {{2007}}, } @article{6073, abstract = {{The paper is concerned with two models of early visual processing which predict that priming of a visual mask by a preceding masked stimulus speeds up conscious perception of the mask (perceptual latency priming). One model ascribes this speed-up to facilitation by visuo-spatial attention [Scharlau, I., & Neumann, O. (2003a). Perceptual latency priming by masked and unmasked stimuli: Evidence for an attentional explanation. Psychological Research 67, 184-197], the other attributes it to nonspecific upgrading mediated by retino-thalamic and thalamo-cortical pathways [Bachmann, T. (1994). Psychophysiology of visual masking: The fine structure of conscious experience. Commack, NY: Nova Science Publishers]. The models make different predictions about the time course of perceptual latency priming. Four experiments test these predictions. The results provide more support for the attentional than for the upgrading model. The experiments further demonstrate that testing latency facilitation w}}, author = {{Scharlau, Ingrid and Ansorge, Ulrich and Horstmann, Gernot}}, issn = {{0001-6918}}, journal = {{Acta Psychologica}}, keywords = {{latency facilitation, temporal order judgments, visual processing, priming, conscious perception, visual mask, Adult, Attention, Female, Humans, Judgment, Male, Perceptual Masking, Reaction Time, Space Perception, Time Perception, Visual Perception, Consciousness States, Judgment, Priming, Visual Masking, Temporal Order (Judgment)}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{129 -- 159}}, title = {{{Latency facilitation in temporal-order judgments: Time course of facilitation as a function of judgment type.}}}, volume = {{122}}, year = {{2006}}, } @article{6076, abstract = {{In the present study, we examined whether the detection advantage for negative-face targets in crowds of positive-face distractors over positive-face targets in crowds of negative faces can be explained by differentially efficient distractor rejection. Search Condition A demonstrated more efficient distractor rejection with negative-face targets in positive-face crowds than vice versa. Search Condition B showed that target identity alone is not sufficient to account for this effect, because there was no difference in processing efficiency for positive- and negative-face targets within neutral crowds. Search Condition C showed differentially efficient processing with neutral-face targets among positive- or negative-face distractors. These results were obtained with both a within-participants (Experiment 1) and a between-participants (Experiment 2) design. The pattern of results is consistent with the assumption that efficient rejection of positive (more homogenous) distractors is an im}}, author = {{Horstmann, Gernot and Scharlau, Ingrid and Ansorge, Ulrich}}, issn = {{1069-9384}}, journal = {{Psychonomic Bulletin & Review}}, keywords = {{angry face distractors, visual search, negative face distractors, Adult, Anger, Attention, Face, Female, Happiness, Humans, Male, Rejection (Psychology), Visual Perception, Distraction, Face Perception, Visual Perception, Visual Search}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{1067 -- 1073}}, title = {{{More efficient rejection of happy than of angry face distractors in visual search.}}}, volume = {{13}}, year = {{2006}}, } @article{6094, abstract = {{In the current study, we tested whether search for a visual motion singleton presented among several coherently moving distractors can be more efficient than search for a motion stimulus presented with a single distractor. Under a variety of conditions, multiple spatially distributed and coherently moving distractors facilitated search for a uniquely moving target relative to a single-motion-distractor condition (Experiments 1,3, and 4). Color coherencies among static distractors were not equally effective (Experiments 1 and 2). These results confirm that humans are highly sensitive to antagonistically directed motion signals in backgrounds compared with spatially more confined regions of visual images. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)}}, author = {{Ansorge, Ulrich and Scharlau, Ingrid and Labudda, Kirsten}}, issn = {{0340-0727}}, journal = {{Psychological Research}}, keywords = {{visual search, motion singleton, visual images, visual motion, coherently moving distractors, Adult, Attention, Exploratory Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Motion Perception, Visual Perception, Motion Perception, Stimulus Salience, Visual Search, Distraction, Retinal Image}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{103 -- 116}}, title = {{{Visual search for a motion singleton among coherently moving distractors.}}}, volume = {{70}}, year = {{2006}}, } @article{6069, abstract = {{Most models of visuospatial attention include the notion that attention is dedicated to a single location in space. However, several researchers have found evidence that under appropriate circumstances, attention may be allocated to noncontiguous locations (e.g., Awn & Pashler, 2000; Bichot, Cave, & Pashler, 1999; Kramer & Hahn, 1995). In the present experiments, the spatial distribution of attention was assessed by a novel method, perceptual latency priming: the latency benefit of an attended visual stimulus, as compared with a nonattended stimulus. Experiment 1 assessed whether observers are able to attend to two nonadjacent regions or a region of variable size. Experiment 2 tested whether, when two distant locations are attended to, the region between them is necessarily also in the focus of attention. Two further experiments controlled for objections against the method used and replicated the main results of the first two experiments. The experiments showed a robust attentional pr}}, author = {{Scharlau, Ingrid}}, issn = {{0031-5117}}, journal = {{Perception & Psychophysics}}, keywords = {{visuospatial attention, priming paradigm, spatial distribution, Adult, Attention, Female, Humans, Male, Attention, Priming, Spatial Perception, Visuospatial Ability}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{988 -- 1002}}, title = {{{Evidence for split foci of attention in a priming paradigm.}}}, volume = {{66}}, year = {{2004}}, } @article{6068, abstract = {{Attending to a location shortens the perceptual latency of stimuli appearing at this location (perceptual latency priming). According to attentional explanations, perceptual latency priming relies on the speeded transfer of attended visual information into an internal model. However, doubts about the attentional origin have repeatedly been raised because efforts to minimize response bias have been insufficient in most studies. Five experiments investigated the contribution of a response bias to perceptual latency priming (judgment bias due to the two-alternative forced-choice method and due to the existence of the prime, criterion effects or second-order bias, sensorimotor priming). If any, only small response biases were found. The results thus support the attentional explanation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)}}, author = {{Scharlau, Ingrid}}, issn = {{0340-0727}}, journal = {{Psychological Research}}, keywords = {{response bias, temporal order tasks, attention manipulation, masked primes, perceptual latency priming, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Psychomotor Performance, Psychophysics, Reaction Time, Serial Learning, Attention, Latent Learning, Priming, Response Bias, Visual Perception, Response Latency, Temporal Order (Judgment)}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{224 -- 236}}, title = {{{Evidence against response bias in temporal order tasks with attention manipulation by masked primes.}}}, volume = {{68}}, year = {{2004}}, } @inproceedings{39053, abstract = {{Portable devices come with different limitations in user interaction like limited display size, small keyboard, and different sorts of input and output capabilities. With the advance of speech recognition and speech synthesis technologies, their complementary use becomes attractive for mobile devices in order to implement real multimodal user interaction. However, current systems and formats do not sufficiently integrate advanced multimodal interactions. We introduce an advanced generic multimodal interaction and rendering system (MIRS) dedicated for mobile devices. MIRS incorporates efficient processing of XML specification languages for limited, mobile devices and comes with the XML-based dialog and interface specification language (DISL). DISL can be considered as an UIML subset, which is enhanced by the means of state-oriented dialog specifications. The dialog specification is based on ODSN (object oriented dialog specification notation), which has been introduced to define user interface control by means of interaction states with transition rules.}}, author = {{Müller, Wolfgang and Schäfer, Robbie and Bleul, Steffen}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of HICCS-37}}, isbn = {{0-7695-2056-1}}, keywords = {{User interfaces, Speech recognition, Streaming media, Specification languages, Keyboards, Speech synthesis, Rendering (computer graphics), Ambient intelligence, Humans, Displays}}, location = {{Waikoloa, HI, USA}}, title = {{{Interactive Multimodal User Interfaces for Mobile Devices}}}, doi = {{10.1109/HICSS.2004.1265674}}, year = {{2004}}, } @article{6065, abstract = {{In the direct parameter specification (DPS) mode of sensorimotor control, response parameters can be specified by stimuli that are not consciously perceived [Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung 52 (1990) 207]. DPS is contingent on the current intentions. The invisible stimuli can be processed for the purposes of sensorimotor control only if they match the actual intentions, for example, share task-relevant features. The present experiments explore whether attentional capture by masked abrupt-onset stimuli is mediated via DPS. Participants judged which of two visual targets appeared first. Masked primes preceded one of the targets. The primes were either similar to the targets or not, in shape, or in color. Target-like (task-relevant), but not distractor-like (task-irrelevant), primes facilitated perceptual latencies of targets trailing at their positions. Thus, the latency effects resulted from DPS of an attention shift, rather than from bottom-up capture or from top-down }}, author = {{Scharlau, Ingrid and Ansorge, Ulrich}}, issn = {{0042-6989}}, journal = {{Vision Research}}, keywords = {{direct parameter specification, DPS, attention shift, latency priming, sensorimotor control, stimuli, task-relevant features, visual targets, color, shape, latency effects, Adult, Attention, Discrimination (Psychology), Female, Humans, Judgment, Male, Perceptual Masking, Reaction Time, Visual Perception, Attention, Perceptual Motor Processes, Response Latency, Stimulus Onset, Visual Stimulation, Form and Shape Perception, Sensory Adaptation}}, number = {{12}}, pages = {{1351 -- 1363}}, title = {{{Direct parameter specification of an attention shift: Evidence from perceptual latency priming.}}}, volume = {{43}}, year = {{2003}}, }