@article{32416,
  abstract     = {{In recent years, sequence-defined oligomers (SDOs) gained increasing interest due to their perfectly controlled molecular structure, thus providing defined properties. In order to tune the properties, different functionalities need to be incorporated into the oligomers and the chain tacticity needs to be controlled. Beside the synthesis of SDOs, suitable methods need to be found to analyze the molecular structure. In this work, oligomers exhibiting an alternating or block-wise sequence of side chain functionalities were analyzed using a hyphenation of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry enhanced by ion mobility separation (IMS). Moieties in the side chains were varied according to polarity and bulkiness. Moreover, chain tacticity was varied. Drift times in the IMS cell and the corresponding collision cross section (CCS) values were shown to be individual parameters allowing the identification of SDOs, even in the case that SDO structures only differ in sequence or tacticity of side chain functionalities. Thus, a library of CCS values was obtained as reference used for the analysis of complex mixtures of SDOs.}},
  author       = {{Berg, Marie-Theres and Herberg, Artjom and Kuckling, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{1023-666X}},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization}},
  keywords     = {{Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, ion mobility separation, mass spectrometry, LC-MS hyphenation, sequence-defined oligomers}},
  pages        = {{1--12}},
  publisher    = {{Informa UK Limited}},
  title        = {{{Hyphenation of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and ion mobility mass spectrometry for the analysis of sequence-defined oligomers with different functionalities and tacticity}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/1023666x.2022.2100968}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{44375,
  author       = {{Chormey, Dotse Selali and Tonbul, Güldeniz and Soylu, Güneş and Saygılar, Ahmet and Bakırdere, Sezgin}},
  issn         = {{0003-2719}},
  journal      = {{Analytical Letters}},
  keywords     = {{Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, QuEChERS}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{237--245}},
  publisher    = {{Informa UK Limited}},
  title        = {{{Determination of Four Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Food Samples by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) after Vortex Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME)}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/00032719.2021.1922432}},
  volume       = {{55}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{61024,
  abstract     = {{Background: The evolution of primate sexual swellings and their influence on mating strategies have captivated the
interest of biologists for over a century. Across the primate order, variability in the timing of ovulation with respect to
females’ sexual swelling patterns differs greatly. Since sexual swellings typically function as signals of female fecundity,
the temporal relation between ovulation and sexual swellings can impact the ability of males to pinpoint ovulation
and thereby affect male mating strategies. Here, we used endocrine parameters to detect ovulation and examined the
temporal relation between the maximum swelling phase (MSP) and ovulation in wild female bonobos (Pan paniscus).
Data were collected at the Luikotale field site, Democratic Republic of Congo, spanning 36 months. Observational data
from 13 females were used to characterise female swelling cycles (N = 70). Furthermore, we measured urinary oestrone
and pregnanediol using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and used pregnanediol to determine the
timing of ovulation in 34 cycles (N = 9 females).
Results: We found that the duration of females’ MSP was highly variable, ranging from 1 to 31 days. Timing of ovulation
varied considerably in relation to the onset of the MSP, resulting in a very low day-specific probability of ovulation and
fecundity across female cycles. Ovulation occurred during the MSP in only 52.9 % of the analysed swelling cycles, and
females showed regular sexual swelling patterns in N = 8 swelling cycles where ovulation did not occur. These findings
reveal that sexual swellings of bonobos are less reliable indicators of ovulation compared to other species of primates.
Conclusions: Female bonobos show unusual variability in the duration of the MSP and in the timing of ovulation
relative to the sexual swelling signal. These data are important for understanding the evolution of sexual signals, how
they influence male and female mating strategies, and how decoupling visual signals of fecundity from the periovulatory
period may affect intersexual conflict. By prolonging the period during which males would need to mate guard females
to ascertain paternity, the temporal variability of this signal may constrain mate-guarding efforts by male bonobos.}},
  author       = {{Douglas, Pamela Heidi and Hohmann, Gottfried and Murtagh, Róisín and Thiessen-Bock, Robyn and Deschner, Tobias}},
  issn         = {{1471-2148}},
  journal      = {{BMC Evolutionary Biology}},
  keywords     = {{Primate, Sexual signalling, Fecundity, Endocrine analysis, LC–MS/MS, Estrogen, Pan paniscus, Pregnanediol, Mate guarding}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Mixed messages: wild female bonobos show high variability in the timing of ovulation in relation to sexual swelling patterns}}},
  doi          = {{10.1186/s12862-016-0691-3}},
  volume       = {{16}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}