[{"citation":{"chicago":"Mracek, Maik, Tobias Hemsel, Thomas Sattel, Piotr Vasiljev, and Jörg Wallaschek. “Driving Concepts for Bundled Ultrasonic Linear Motors.” <i>Journal of Electroceramics</i> 20, no. 3–4 (2008): 153–58. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5</a>.","short":"M. Mracek, T. Hemsel, T. Sattel, P. Vasiljev, J. Wallaschek, Journal of Electroceramics 20 (2008) 153–158.","ieee":"M. Mracek, T. Hemsel, T. Sattel, P. Vasiljev, and J. Wallaschek, “Driving concepts for bundled ultrasonic linear motors,” <i>Journal of Electroceramics</i>, vol. 20, no. 3–4, pp. 153–158, 2008.","apa":"Mracek, M., Hemsel, T., Sattel, T., Vasiljev, P., &#38; Wallaschek, J. (2008). Driving concepts for bundled ultrasonic linear motors. <i>Journal of Electroceramics</i>, <i>20</i>(3–4), 153–158. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5</a>","bibtex":"@article{Mracek_Hemsel_Sattel_Vasiljev_Wallaschek_2008, title={Driving concepts for bundled ultrasonic linear motors}, volume={20}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5\">10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5</a>}, number={3–4}, journal={Journal of Electroceramics}, publisher={Springer US}, author={Mracek, Maik and Hemsel, Tobias and Sattel, Thomas and Vasiljev, Piotr and Wallaschek, Jörg}, year={2008}, pages={153–158} }","ama":"Mracek M, Hemsel T, Sattel T, Vasiljev P, Wallaschek J. Driving concepts for bundled ultrasonic linear motors. <i>Journal of Electroceramics</i>. 2008;20(3-4):153-158. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5\">10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5</a>","mla":"Mracek, Maik, et al. “Driving Concepts for Bundled Ultrasonic Linear Motors.” <i>Journal of Electroceramics</i>, vol. 20, no. 3–4, Springer US, 2008, pp. 153–58, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5\">10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","page":"153-158","_id":"9571","publisher":"Springer US","user_id":"55222","volume":20,"status":"public","date_created":"2019-04-29T12:27:25Z","keyword":["Ultrasonic linear motor","High power","Control","Modeling","Characteristics"],"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"issue":"3-4","publication":"Journal of Electroceramics","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Several positioning tasks demand translatory drive instead of rotary motion. To achieve drives that are capable, e.g., to drive the sunroof of a car or to lift a car's window, multiple miniaturized motors can be combined. But in this case many other questions arise: The electromechanical behavior of the individual motors differs slightly, the motor characteristics are strongly dependent on the driving parameters and the driven load, many applications need some extra power for special cases like overcoming higher forces periodically. Thus, the bundle of motors has to act well-organized and at last controlled to get an optimized drive that is not oversized and costly."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1007/s10832-007-9123-5","title":"Driving concepts for bundled ultrasonic linear motors","year":"2008","author":[{"full_name":"Mracek, Maik","last_name":"Mracek","first_name":"Maik"},{"last_name":"Hemsel","first_name":"Tobias","full_name":"Hemsel, Tobias","id":"210"},{"full_name":"Sattel, Thomas","last_name":"Sattel","first_name":"Thomas"},{"full_name":"Vasiljev, Piotr","last_name":"Vasiljev","first_name":"Piotr"},{"full_name":"Wallaschek, Jörg","last_name":"Wallaschek","first_name":"Jörg"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1385-3449"]},"date_updated":"2022-01-06T07:04:16Z","intvolume":"        20"},{"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"apa":"Hemsel, T., Mracek, M., Twiefel, J., &#38; Vasiljev, P. (2006). Piezoelectric linear motor concepts based on coupling of longitudinal vibrations. <i>Ultrasonics</i>, <i>44</i>, <i>Supplement</i>(0), e591–e596. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.056\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.056</a>","ieee":"T. Hemsel, M. Mracek, J. Twiefel, and P. Vasiljev, “Piezoelectric linear motor concepts based on coupling of longitudinal vibrations,” <i>Ultrasonics</i>, vol. 44, Supplement, no. 0, pp. e591–e596, 2006.","chicago":"Hemsel, Tobias, Maik Mracek, Jens Twiefel, and Piotr Vasiljev. “Piezoelectric Linear Motor Concepts Based on Coupling of Longitudinal Vibrations.” <i>Ultrasonics</i> 44, Supplement, no. 0 (2006): e591–96. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.056\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.056</a>.","short":"T. Hemsel, M. Mracek, J. Twiefel, P. Vasiljev, Ultrasonics 44, Supplement (2006) e591–e596.","mla":"Hemsel, Tobias, et al. “Piezoelectric Linear Motor Concepts Based on Coupling of Longitudinal Vibrations.” <i>Ultrasonics</i>, vol. 44, Supplement, no. 0, 2006, pp. e591–96, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.056\">10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.056</a>.","ama":"Hemsel T, Mracek M, Twiefel J, Vasiljev P. Piezoelectric linear motor concepts based on coupling of longitudinal vibrations. <i>Ultrasonics</i>. 2006;44, Supplement(0):e591-e596. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.056\">10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.056</a>","bibtex":"@article{Hemsel_Mracek_Twiefel_Vasiljev_2006, title={Piezoelectric linear motor concepts based on coupling of longitudinal vibrations}, volume={44, Supplement}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.056\">10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.056</a>}, number={0}, journal={Ultrasonics}, author={Hemsel, Tobias and Mracek, Maik and Twiefel, Jens and Vasiljev, Piotr}, year={2006}, pages={e591–e596} }"},"status":"public","volume":"44, Supplement","user_id":"55222","_id":"9539","page":"e591 - e596","abstract":[{"text":"Classically, rotary motors with gears and spindle mechanisms are used to achieve translatory motion. In means of miniaturization and weight reduction piezoelectric linear motors are of interest. Several ultrasonic linear motors found in literature base on the use of two different vibration modes. Most often flexural and longitudinal modes are combined to achieve an elliptic micro-motion of surface points. This micro-motion is converted to direct linear (or translatory) motion of a driven slider. To gain high amplitudes of the micro-motion and thus having a powerful motor, the ultrasonic vibrator should be driven near the eigenfrequency of its modes. Additionally, low mechanical and electrical losses lead to increased efficiency and large amplitude magnification in resonance. This demands a geometrical design that fits the eigenfrequencies of the two different modes. A frequency-deviation of only a few percent leads to non-acceptable disturbance of the elliptical motion. Thus, the mechanical design of the vibrators has to be done very carefully. Within this contribution we discuss different motor designs based on the coupling of two the same longitudinal vibrations within one structure to generate an elliptic motion of surface points. Different concepts based on piezoelectric plates and Langevin transducers are compared. Benefits and drawbacks against the combination of longitudinal and bending modes will be discussed. Numerical results of the stator vibration as well as motor characteristics are validated by measurements on different prototypes. ","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"0","publication":"Ultrasonics","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"keyword":["Piezoelectric linear motor"],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2019-04-29T09:03:50Z","date_updated":"2022-01-06T07:04:16Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0041-624X"]},"author":[{"id":"210","first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Hemsel","full_name":"Hemsel, Tobias"},{"first_name":"Maik","last_name":"Mracek","full_name":"Mracek, Maik"},{"last_name":"Twiefel","first_name":"Jens","full_name":"Twiefel, Jens"},{"full_name":"Vasiljev, Piotr","first_name":"Piotr","last_name":"Vasiljev"}],"year":"2006","title":"Piezoelectric linear motor concepts based on coupling of longitudinal vibrations","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.056","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ama":"Mracek M, Hemsel T. Synergetic driving concepts for bundled miniature ultrasonic linear motors. <i>Ultrasonics</i>. 2006;44, Supplement:e597-e602. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.201\">10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.201</a>","bibtex":"@article{Mracek_Hemsel_2006, title={Synergetic driving concepts for bundled miniature ultrasonic linear motors}, volume={44, Supplement}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.201\">10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.201</a>}, journal={Ultrasonics}, author={Mracek, Maik and Hemsel, Tobias}, year={2006}, pages={e597–e602} }","mla":"Mracek, Maik, and Tobias Hemsel. “Synergetic Driving Concepts for Bundled Miniature Ultrasonic Linear Motors.” <i>Ultrasonics</i>, vol. 44, Supplement, 2006, pp. e597–602, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.201\">10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.201</a>.","short":"M. Mracek, T. Hemsel, Ultrasonics 44, Supplement (2006) e597–e602.","chicago":"Mracek, Maik, and Tobias Hemsel. “Synergetic Driving Concepts for Bundled Miniature Ultrasonic Linear Motors.” <i>Ultrasonics</i> 44, Supplement (2006): e597–602. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.201\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.201</a>.","apa":"Mracek, M., &#38; Hemsel, T. (2006). Synergetic driving concepts for bundled miniature ultrasonic linear motors. <i>Ultrasonics</i>, <i>44</i>, <i>Supplement</i>, e597–e602. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.201\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.201</a>","ieee":"M. Mracek and T. Hemsel, “Synergetic driving concepts for bundled miniature ultrasonic linear motors,” <i>Ultrasonics</i>, vol. 44, Supplement, pp. e597–e602, 2006."},"status":"public","user_id":"55222","volume":"44, Supplement","page":"e597 - e602","_id":"9546","abstract":[{"text":"Rotary ultrasonic motors have found broad industrial application in camera lens drives and other systems. Linear ultrasonic motors in contrast have only found limited applications. The main reason for the limited range of application of these very attractive devices seems to be their small force and power range. Attempts to build linear ultrasonic motors for high forces and high power applications have not been truly successful yet. To achieve larger force and higher power, multiple miniaturized motors can be combined. This approach, however, is not as simple as it appears at first glance. The electromechanical behaviour of the individual motors differs slightly due to manufacturing and assembly tolerances. The individual motor characteristics are strongly dependent on the driving parameters (frequency, voltage, temperature, pre-stress, etc.) and the driven load and the collective behaviour of the swarm of motors is not just the linear superposition of the individual drive's forces. Thus, the bundle of motors has to be synchronized and controlled appropriately in order to obtain an optimized drive that is not oversized and costly. We have investigated driving and control strategies of a set of linear ultrasonic motors. Our contribution will be divided into three main parts. In part I ultrasonic linear motors will be introduced. In part II driving strategies for a single motor as well as for a bundle of motors will be presented. These concepts will be verified by simulation results and experimental data. In part III a simplified model for the motor's electromechanical behaviour will be given.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Ultrasonics","keyword":["Ultrasonic linear motor"],"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"date_created":"2019-04-29T09:34:16Z","date_updated":"2022-01-06T07:04:16Z","year":"2006","title":"Synergetic driving concepts for bundled miniature ultrasonic linear motors","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0041-624X"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Mracek","first_name":"Maik","full_name":"Mracek, Maik"},{"id":"210","full_name":"Hemsel, Tobias","first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Hemsel"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.201","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"citation":{"mla":"Hemsel, Tobias, and Jörg Wallaschek. “Survey of the Present State of the Art of Piezoelectric Linear Motors.” <i>Ultrasonics</i>, vol. 38, 2000, pp. 37–40, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-624X(99)00143-2\">10.1016/S0041-624X(99)00143-2</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Hemsel_Wallaschek_2000, title={Survey of the present state of the art of piezoelectric linear motors}, volume={38}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-624X(99)00143-2\">10.1016/S0041-624X(99)00143-2</a>}, journal={Ultrasonics}, author={Hemsel, Tobias and Wallaschek, Jörg}, year={2000}, pages={37–40} }","ama":"Hemsel T, Wallaschek J. Survey of the present state of the art of piezoelectric linear motors. <i>Ultrasonics</i>. 2000;38:37-40. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-624X(99)00143-2\">10.1016/S0041-624X(99)00143-2</a>","ieee":"T. Hemsel and J. Wallaschek, “Survey of the present state of the art of piezoelectric linear motors,” <i>Ultrasonics</i>, vol. 38, pp. 37–40, 2000.","apa":"Hemsel, T., &#38; Wallaschek, J. (2000). Survey of the present state of the art of piezoelectric linear motors. <i>Ultrasonics</i>, <i>38</i>, 37–40. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-624X(99)00143-2\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-624X(99)00143-2</a>","chicago":"Hemsel, Tobias, and Jörg Wallaschek. “Survey of the Present State of the Art of Piezoelectric Linear Motors.” <i>Ultrasonics</i> 38 (2000): 37–40. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-624X(99)00143-2\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-624X(99)00143-2</a>.","short":"T. Hemsel, J. Wallaschek, Ultrasonics 38 (2000) 37–40."},"quality_controlled":"1","page":"37 - 40","_id":"8914","user_id":"55222","volume":38,"status":"public","date_created":"2019-04-15T09:42:32Z","keyword":["Linear motor"],"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"publication":"Ultrasonics","abstract":[{"text":"Piezoelectric ultrasonic motors have been investigated for several years and have already found their first practical applications. Their key feature is that they are able to produce a high thrust force related to their volume. Beside rotary drives like the travelling wave motor, linear drives have also been developed, but only a few are presently commercially available. In the present paper, we first describe the state of the art of linear piezoelectric motors. The motors are characterized with respect to their no-load velocity, maximum thrust force, efficiency and other technical properties. In the second part, we present a new motor, which is judged to be capable of surpassing the characteristics of other piezoelectric motors because of its unique design which allows the piezoelectric drive elements to be pre-stressed in the direction of their polarization. The piezoelectric elements convert energy using the longitudinal d33 effect which allows an improved reliability, large vibration amplitudes and excellent piezoelectric coupling. Energy loss by vibration damping is minimized, and the efficiency can be improved significantly. Experimental results show that the motor characteristics can be optimized for a particular task by choosing the appropriate operating parameters such as exciting voltage, exciting frequency and normal force. ","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1016/S0041-624X(99)00143-2","year":"2000","title":"Survey of the present state of the art of piezoelectric linear motors","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0041-624X"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Hemsel, Tobias","last_name":"Hemsel","first_name":"Tobias","id":"210"},{"full_name":"Wallaschek, Jörg","last_name":"Wallaschek","first_name":"Jörg"}],"date_updated":"2022-01-06T07:04:05Z","intvolume":"        38"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2000.922635","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1051-0117"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Hemsel","full_name":"Hemsel, Tobias","id":"210"},{"full_name":"Wallaschek, Jörg","first_name":"Jörg","last_name":"Wallaschek"}],"title":"State of the art and development trends of ultrasonic linear motors","year":"2000","intvolume":"         1","date_updated":"2022-01-06T07:04:05Z","date_created":"2019-04-15T09:52:09Z","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"keyword":["linear motors","ultrasonic motors","linear piezoelectric motor","maximum thrust force","no-load velocity","ultrasonic linear motor","Electromagnetic devices","Electromagnetic fields","Frequency","Friction","Gears","Materials science and technology","Piezoelectric materials","Research and development","Vibrations","Wheels"],"type":"conference","publication":"Ultrasonics Symposium, 2000 IEEE","abstract":[{"text":"Ultrasonic linear motors have now been investigated for several years. Their key features are high thrust forces related to their volume and good position-accuracy. This contribution consists of two main parts. In the first part we describe the state-of-the-art of linear piezoelectric motors. Characteristics like no-load velocity, maximum thrust force and other technical properties of commercially available devices will be reported as well as those of prototypes. In the second part we report an ongoing research and development project aiming at a linear piezoelectric motor, which is capable of surpassing some of the shortcomings of other piezoelectric motors","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"8915","page":"663-666 vol.1","volume":1,"user_id":"55222","status":"public","citation":{"ieee":"T. Hemsel and J. Wallaschek, “State of the art and development trends of ultrasonic linear motors,” in <i>Ultrasonics Symposium, 2000 IEEE</i>, 2000, vol. 1, pp. 663–666 vol.1.","mla":"Hemsel, Tobias, and Jörg Wallaschek. “State of the Art and Development Trends of Ultrasonic Linear Motors.” <i>Ultrasonics Symposium, 2000 IEEE</i>, vol. 1, 2000, pp. 663–66 vol.1, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2000.922635\">10.1109/ULTSYM.2000.922635</a>.","apa":"Hemsel, T., &#38; Wallaschek, J. (2000). State of the art and development trends of ultrasonic linear motors. In <i>Ultrasonics Symposium, 2000 IEEE</i> (Vol. 1, pp. 663–666 vol.1). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2000.922635\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2000.922635</a>","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Hemsel_Wallaschek_2000, title={State of the art and development trends of ultrasonic linear motors}, volume={1}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2000.922635\">10.1109/ULTSYM.2000.922635</a>}, booktitle={Ultrasonics Symposium, 2000 IEEE}, author={Hemsel, Tobias and Wallaschek, Jörg}, year={2000}, pages={663–666 vol.1} }","ama":"Hemsel T, Wallaschek J. State of the art and development trends of ultrasonic linear motors. In: <i>Ultrasonics Symposium, 2000 IEEE</i>. Vol 1. ; 2000:663-666 vol.1. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2000.922635\">10.1109/ULTSYM.2000.922635</a>","short":"T. Hemsel, J. Wallaschek, in: Ultrasonics Symposium, 2000 IEEE, 2000, pp. 663–666 vol.1.","chicago":"Hemsel, Tobias, and Jörg Wallaschek. “State of the Art and Development Trends of Ultrasonic Linear Motors.” In <i>Ultrasonics Symposium, 2000 IEEE</i>, 1:663–66 vol.1, 2000. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2000.922635\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2000.922635</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1"}]