[{"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-04-29T08:49:46Z","intvolume":"        27","title":"Implementation and Results of a Multi-Stage Model Predictive Traffic Light Control System","year":"2025","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2153-0017"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Malena","first_name":"Kevin","orcid":"0000-0003-1183-4679","full_name":"Malena, Kevin","id":"36303"},{"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Link","full_name":"Link, Christopher","id":"38249"},{"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Gausemeier","full_name":"Gausemeier, Sandra","id":"17793"},{"full_name":"Trächtler, Ansgar","last_name":"Trächtler","first_name":"Ansgar","id":"552"}],"doi":"10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919569","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"confirmation","url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10919569"}]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This paper deals with the implementation and results of the application of a multi-stage traffic light control system which includes a simulation-based traffic estimation and model predictive control.\r\nThe traffic light control system incorporates a fuzzy system for traffic light phase preselection, followed by a model predictive control to optimise phase combinations and switching times. Predefined phases are selected without restrictions in the order according to a multi-objective optimisation to adapt to the traffic as freely as possible. Initially, the system is tested in simulations and compared with existing methods and analysed afterwards for its effectiveness in a prototype commissioning in field tests. Results indicate high potentials for reducing emissions and waiting times, highlighting the system's value. However, further refinement is necessary for standard implementation. This comprehensive approach demonstrates advancements in traffic management technology, showcasing the potential for enhancing urban mobility and reducing environmental impact."}],"publication":"2024 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","keyword":["MPC"],"type":"conference","department":[{"_id":"153"}],"date_created":"2025-03-24T08:57:08Z","status":"public","conference":{"end_date":"2024-09-27","location":"Edmonton (Canada)","name":"27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","start_date":"2024-09-24"},"user_id":"36303","volume":27,"_id":"59088","publisher":"IEEE","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"short":"K. Malena, C. Link, S. Gausemeier, A. Trächtler, in: 2024 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), IEEE, 2025.","chicago":"Malena, Kevin, Christopher Link, Sandra Gausemeier, and Ansgar Trächtler. “Implementation and Results of a Multi-Stage Model Predictive Traffic Light Control System.” In <i>2024 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)</i>, Vol. 27. IEEE, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919569\">https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919569</a>.","ieee":"K. Malena, C. Link, S. Gausemeier, and A. Trächtler, “Implementation and Results of a Multi-Stage Model Predictive Traffic Light Control System,” in <i>2024 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)</i>, Edmonton (Canada), 2025, vol. 27, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919569\">10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919569</a>.","apa":"Malena, K., Link, C., Gausemeier, S., &#38; Trächtler, A. (2025). Implementation and Results of a Multi-Stage Model Predictive Traffic Light Control System. <i>2024 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)</i>, <i>27</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919569\">https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919569</a>","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Malena_Link_Gausemeier_Trächtler_2025, title={Implementation and Results of a Multi-Stage Model Predictive Traffic Light Control System}, volume={27}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919569\">10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919569</a>}, booktitle={2024 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Malena, Kevin and Link, Christopher and Gausemeier, Sandra and Trächtler, Ansgar}, year={2025} }","ama":"Malena K, Link C, Gausemeier S, Trächtler A. Implementation and Results of a Multi-Stage Model Predictive Traffic Light Control System. In: <i>2024 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)</i>. Vol 27. IEEE; 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919569\">10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919569</a>","mla":"Malena, Kevin, et al. “Implementation and Results of a Multi-Stage Model Predictive Traffic Light Control System.” <i>2024 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)</i>, vol. 27, IEEE, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919569\">10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919569</a>."}},{"citation":{"ieee":"K. Malena, C. Link, L. Bußemas, S. Gausemeier, and A. Trächtler, “Traffic Estimation and MPC-Based Traffic Light System Control in Realistic Real-Time Traffic Environments,” in <i>Communications in Computer and Information Science</i>, vol. 1612, C. Klein, M. Jarke, M. Helfert, K. Berns, and O. Gusikhin, Eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022, pp. 232–254.","apa":"Malena, K., Link, C., Bußemas, L., Gausemeier, S., &#38; Trächtler, A. (2022). Traffic Estimation and MPC-Based Traffic Light System Control in Realistic Real-Time Traffic Environments. In C. Klein, M. Jarke, M. Helfert, K. Berns, &#38; O. Gusikhin (Eds.), <i>Communications in Computer and Information Science</i> (Vol. 1612, pp. 232–254). Springer International Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17098-0_12\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17098-0_12</a>","mla":"Malena, Kevin, et al. “Traffic Estimation and MPC-Based Traffic Light System Control in Realistic Real-Time Traffic Environments.” <i>Communications in Computer and Information Science</i>, edited by Cornel Klein et al., vol. 1612, Springer International Publishing, 2022, pp. 232–254, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17098-0_12\">10.1007/978-3-031-17098-0_12</a>.","bibtex":"@inbook{Malena_Link_Bußemas_Gausemeier_Trächtler_2022, place={Cham}, series={Communications in Computer and Information Science}, title={Traffic Estimation and MPC-Based Traffic Light System Control in Realistic Real-Time Traffic Environments}, volume={1612}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17098-0_12\">10.1007/978-3-031-17098-0_12</a>}, booktitle={Communications in Computer and Information Science}, publisher={Springer International Publishing}, author={Malena, Kevin and Link, Christopher and Bußemas, Leon and Gausemeier, Sandra and Trächtler, Ansgar}, editor={Klein, Cornel and Jarke, Mathias and Helfert, Markus and Berns, Karsten and Gusikhin, Oleg}, year={2022}, pages={232–254}, collection={Communications in Computer and Information Science} }","chicago":"Malena, Kevin, Christopher Link, Leon Bußemas, Sandra Gausemeier, and Ansgar Trächtler. “Traffic Estimation and MPC-Based Traffic Light System Control in Realistic Real-Time Traffic Environments.” In <i>Communications in Computer and Information Science</i>, edited by Cornel Klein, Mathias Jarke, Markus Helfert, Karsten Berns, and Oleg Gusikhin, 1612:232–254. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17098-0_12\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17098-0_12</a>.","ama":"Malena K, Link C, Bußemas L, Gausemeier S, Trächtler A. Traffic Estimation and MPC-Based Traffic Light System Control in Realistic Real-Time Traffic Environments. In: Klein C, Jarke M, Helfert M, Berns K, Gusikhin O, eds. <i>Communications in Computer and Information Science</i>. Vol 1612. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer International Publishing; 2022:232–254. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17098-0_12\">10.1007/978-3-031-17098-0_12</a>","short":"K. Malena, C. Link, L. Bußemas, S. Gausemeier, A. Trächtler, in: C. Klein, M. Jarke, M. Helfert, K. Berns, O. Gusikhin (Eds.), Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2022, pp. 232–254."},"quality_controlled":"1","place":"Cham","status":"public","_id":"33849","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","page":"232–254","editor":[{"full_name":"Klein, Cornel","first_name":"Cornel","last_name":"Klein"},{"last_name":"Jarke","first_name":"Mathias","full_name":"Jarke, Mathias"},{"full_name":"Helfert, Markus","first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Helfert"},{"full_name":"Berns, Karsten","first_name":"Karsten","last_name":"Berns"},{"first_name":"Oleg","last_name":"Gusikhin","full_name":"Gusikhin, Oleg"}],"volume":1612,"user_id":"552","publication":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","abstract":[{"text":"Modern traffic control systems are key to cope with current and future traffic challenges. In this paper information obtained from a microscopic traffic estimation using various data sources is used to feed a new developed traffic control approach. The presented method can control a traffic area with multiple traffic light systems (TLS) reacting to individual road users and pedestrians. In contrast to widespread green time extension techniques, this control selects the best phase sequence by analyzing the current traffic state reconstructed in SUMO and its predicted progress. To achieve this, the key aspect of the control strategy is to use Model Predictive Control (MPC). In order to maintain realism for real world applications, among other things, the traffic phase transitions are modelled in detail and integrated within the prediction. For the efficiency, the approach incorporates a fuzzy logic preselection of all phases reducing the computational effort. The evaluation itself is able to be easily adjusted to focus on various objectives like low occupancies, reducing waiting times and emissions, few number of phase transitions etc. determining the best switching times for the selected phases. Exemplary traffic simulations demonstrate the functionality of the MPC-based control and, in addition, some aspects under development like the real-world communication network are also discussed.","lang":"eng"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"24159","relation":"continues"}]},"date_created":"2022-10-20T15:06:39Z","department":[{"_id":"153"}],"keyword":["Traffic control","Traffic estimation","Real-time","MPC","Fuzzy","Isolated intersection","Networked intersection","Sensor fusion"],"type":"book_chapter","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783031170973","9783031170980"],"issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Malena, Kevin","first_name":"Kevin","orcid":"0000-0003-1183-4679","last_name":"Malena","id":"36303"},{"id":"38249","full_name":"Link, Christopher","last_name":"Link","first_name":"Christopher"},{"full_name":"Bußemas, Leon","first_name":"Leon","last_name":"Bußemas","id":"51118"},{"id":"17793","full_name":"Gausemeier, Sandra","last_name":"Gausemeier","first_name":"Sandra"},{"id":"552","first_name":"Ansgar","last_name":"Trächtler","full_name":"Trächtler, Ansgar"}],"title":"Traffic Estimation and MPC-Based Traffic Light System Control in Realistic Real-Time Traffic Environments","year":"2022","intvolume":"      1612","date_updated":"2026-01-26T08:49:52Z","publication_status":"published","series_title":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-17098-0_12"}]