TY - CONF AB - The involvement of human workers is an essential part of the design of production systems. In this context, test scenarios in Virtual Reality are increasingly used to verify the fulfillment of requirements. This paper proposes a procedure for generating virtual test scenarios. The objective is to support human- centered design by means of virtual measurement systems. The procedure involves three steps: selecting relevant human factors in requirements, modeling the virtual test scenario, and carrying out the verification study. The goal is to advance the significance of testing outputs. AU - Gräßler, Iris AU - Roesmann, Daniel AU - Unverzagt, Marc AU - Pottebaum, Jens ID - 52823 KW - virtual reality KW - virtual measurement systems KW - virtual test scenario KW - human-centered design T2 - Poster TI - Virtual Test Scenarios for Human-Centered Design with Virtual Measurement Systems ER - TY - JOUR AB - Im Zentrum dieses Beitrags stehen Ergebnisse der Messung pädagogischer Kompetenzen Studierender der Theologie, die das Praxissemester in Deutschland absolviert haben. Das bildungswissenschaftliche Wissen, Kompetenzselbsteinschätzungen und ihre Entwicklung sowie die Einschätzung der im Praxissemester erreichten Ziele Studierender werden dabei unter Berücksichtigung der Ausrichtung des Lehramtsstudiums auf eine Schulform betrachtet. Um die Ergebnisse der Messung bildungswissenschaftlichen Wissens und die der Messung von Kompetenzselbsteinschätzungen zu kontextualisieren (N = 304), wird zuerst die Relevanz des (bildungswissenschaftlichen) Wissens als Ausgangspunkt des Könnens herausgearbeitet. Daran anschließend werden Befunde zur schulformspezifischen Professionalisierung resümiert. Anschließend werden Hypothesen hergeleitet, die Anlage der Studie sowie die Testinstrumente vorge- stellt, die Ergebnisse präsentiert und diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen wider Erwarten, dass sich weder das bildungswissenschaftliche Wissen, die Kompetenzselbsteinschätzungen und ihre Entwicklung noch die Einschätzung der im Praxissemester erreichten Ziele angehender Lehrkräfte in Abhängigkeit der Schulformen unterscheiden. Die Diskussion bezieht sich u.a. auf die Struktur der Lehramtsstudiengänge, die Denkfiguren zur Entwicklung von Können und die Konzeption der Messinstrumente. AU - Caruso, Carina AU - Seifert, Andreas ID - 35136 IS - 1 JF - Österreichische Religionspädagogische Forum KW - Bildungswissenschaftliches Wissen KW - Kompetenzmessung KW - Kompetenzselbsteinschätzung KW - Praxissemester KW - Professionalisierung / competence measurement KW - competence self-assessment KW - educational knowledge KW - internship KW - professionalization SN - 1018-1539 TI - Inwiefern ist die Professionalisierung in Praxisphasen schulformspezifisch? VL - 30 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Im Zentrum dieses Beitrags stehen Ergebnisse der Messung pädagogischer Kompetenzen Studierender. Dabei werden sowohl das bildungswissenschaftliche Wissen als auch die Entwicklung der Kompe­tenzselbsteinschätzungen in den Bereichen Unterrichten, Erziehen, Beurteilen und Innovieren unter Berücksichtigung individueller Voraussetzungen (Alter, Geschlecht, Abiturnote, Bachelornote, Konfession) betrachtet. Um die Ergeb­nisse hinsichtlich ihrer Bedeutung für die Professionalisierung angehender Lehrkräfte diskutieren zu können, wird, den empirischen Erkenntnissen voranstehend, die Bedeutung von Wissen für berufliches Können herausgearbeitet. Daran anschließend werden Hypothesen hergeleitet, die Anlage der Studie sowie die Testinstrumente vorgestellt, die Ergebnisse präsentiert und diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Abitur- und Bachelornote die Varianz hinsichtlich des pädagogischen Wissens aufklären, sich eine signifikante Entwicklung der Kompetenzselbsteinschätzungen angehender Lehrkräfte feststellen lässt, aber sich angehende Religionslehrkräfte kaum von anderen Studierenden unterscheiden. Die Diskussion nimmt u. a. Rückbezug auf die Denkfiguren zur Entwicklung berufli­chen Könnens und benennt Limitationen, die mit der Studie und Kompetenzmessungen verbunden sind. Daran schließt die Formulierung eines Ausblicks an. Der Beitrag zielt insbesondere darauf, repräsentative Ergebnisse der Kompetenzmessung zu präsentieren und dabei potenzielle Einflussfaktoren auf die studentische Kompetenzent­wicklung zu beleuchten. Ein dadurch angereichertes Konglomerat belastbarer Erkenntnisse zielt darauf, langfristig zur Ableitung lehrerbildungsdidaktischer Überlegungen herangezogen werden zu können, die die studentische Professionalisierung unterstützen. AU - Caruso, Carina AU - Seifert, Andreas ID - 35137 IS - 1 JF - Religionspädagogische Beiträge. Journal for Religion in Education KW - Bildungswissenschaftliches Wissen KW - Kompetenzmessung KW - Kompetenzselbsteinschätzung KW - Praxissemester KW - Professionalisierung / competence measurement KW - competence self-assessment KW - educational knowledge KW - internship KW - professionalization SN - 2750 - 3941 TI - Pädagogische Kompetenz als Ausgangspunkt beruflichen Könnens!? Ergebnisse der Kompetenzmessung angehender Lehrkräfte unter Berücksichtigung individueller Voraussetzungen VL - 45 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The construct of noticing is considered to be of crucial importance for professional action of (prospective) physical education (PE) teachers in the context of (inclusive) PE. In order to implement the demands of inclusive PE teaching, noticingwith regard to processes of recognition proves to be particularly significant. Due to the relevance of physicality, the design of recognition relationships that encourage pupils' development results in specific requirements for the selective attention and the theory-based interpretation of processes of recognition and disregard in complex teaching situations. This facet of competence has hardly been studied so far, partly due to the lack of instruments for standardised assessment of this construct. In the context of this paper, the development and validation of a standardised, video vignette-based test instrument for the measurement of noticingwith regard to processes of recognition of prospective PE teachers is presented. The validation focuses on the content of the test and the internal structure of the instrument as well as on correlations with related constructs in terms of content. The results from three consecutive validation studies provide indications of the reliability and validity of the test score interpretation of the instrument ViProQiS_A. The findings so far indicate that the standardised measurement of noticingwith regard to processes of recognitionin inclusive PE could be realized on the basis of the test instrument developed here. AU - Langer, Wiebke AU - Bruns, Julia AU - Erhorn, Jan ID - 34820 IS - 3 JF - German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research KW - Physical education teacher education KW - Competence modelling and KW - measurement KW - Inclusive physical education KW - Video-based items KW - Noticing SN - 2509-3142 TI - Development and validation of a video-based test instrument to measure noticing with regard to processes ofrecognition in inclusive physical education VL - 52 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study deals with the damage behavior of metallic materials by the application of different manufacturing processes and using different optical measurement methods to identify the crack initiation in the damage specimen. The study is intended to highlight the importance of considering manufacturing processes and optical measurement methods in a numerical simulation when analyzing the damage behavior of metallic materials. To describe the damage behavior of the material in the process chain simulations, it is important to calibrate the parameters of damage model more accurately. These parameters are determined using experimental investigation of desired damage specimens. In this regard, a selected damage specimen manufactured by different cutting processes is first experimentally and then numerically investigated. It is shown that the manufacturing process and the optical measurement methods influence the stress state analyzed in the numerical simulation. AU - Otroshi, Mortaza AU - Meschut, Gerson AU - Nesakumar, Aathavan ID - 25476 IS - 3 JF - Journal of Manufacturing Engineering KW - Damage behaviour KW - Stress triaxiality KW - Manufacturing process and Optical measurement TI - The influence of manufacturing processes and optical measurement methods on the damage behavior of HX340LAD micro-alloyed steels VL - 16 ER - TY - CONF AB - Access to precise meteorological data is crucial to be able to plan and install renewable energy systems such as solar power plants and wind farms. In case of solar energy, knowledge of local irradiance and air temperature values is very important. For this, various methods can be used such as installing local weather stations or using meteorological data from different organizations such as Meteonorm or official Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). An alternative is to use satellite reanalysis datasets provided by organizations like the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). In this paper the “Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications” dataset version 2 (MERRA-2) will be presented, and its performance will be evaluated by comparing it to locally measured datasets provided by Meteonorm and DWD. The analysis shows very high correlation between MERRA-2 and local measurements (correlation coefficients of 0.99) for monthly global irradiance and air temperature values. The results prove the suitability of MERRA-2 data for applications requiring long historical data. Moreover, availability of MERRA-2 for the whole world with an acceptable resolution makes it a very valuable dataset. AU - Khatibi, Arash AU - Krauter, Stefan ID - 24551 KW - Energy potential estimation KW - Photovoltaic KW - Solar radiation KW - Temperature measurement KW - Satellite data KW - Meteonorm KW - MERRA-2 KW - DWD SN - 3-936338-78-7 T2 - Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021) TI - Comparison and Validation of Irradiance Data: Satellite Meteorological Dataset MERRA-2 vs. Meteonorm and German Weather Service (DWD) ER - TY - JOUR AB - Several methods are available to answer questions regarding similarity and accuracy, each of which has specific properties and limitations. This study focuses on the Latent Congruence Model (LCM; Cheung, 2009), because of its capacity to deal with cross-informant measurement invariance issues. Until now, no cross-national applications of LCM are present in the literature, perhaps because of the difficulty to deal with both cross-national and cross-informant measurement issues implied by those models. This study presents a step-by-step procedure to apply LCM to dyadic cross-national research designs controlling for both cross-national and cross-informant measurement invariance. An illustrative example on parent–child support exchanges in Italy and Germany is provided. Findings help to show the different possible scenarios of partial invariance, and a discussion related to how to deal with those scenarios is provided. Future perspectives in the study of parent–child similarity and accuracy in cross-national research will be discussed. AU - Tagliabue, Semira AU - Zambelli, Michela AU - Sorgente, Angela AU - Sommer, Sabrina AU - Hoellger, Christian AU - Buhl, Heike M. AU - Lanz, Margherita ID - 32560 JF - Frontiers in Psychology KW - latent congruence model KW - measurement invariance KW - similarity KW - accuracy KW - cross-national KW - cross-informant KW - parent-child relationship KW - support exchanges SN - 1664-1078 TI - Latent Congruence Model to Investigate Similarity and Accuracy in Family Members' Perception: The Challenge of Cross-National and Cross-Informant Measurement (Non)Invariance VL - 12 ER - TY - CONF AB - One of the main objectives of production engineering is to reproducibly manufacture (complex) defect-free parts. To achieve this, it is necessary to employ an appropriate process or tool design. While this will generally prove successful, it cannot, however, offset stochastic defects with local variations in material properties. Closed-loop process control represents a promising approach for a solution in this context. The state of the art involves using this approach to control geometric parameters such as a length. So far, no research or applications have been conducted with closed-loop control for microstructure and product properties. In the project on which this paper is based, the local martensite content of parts is to be adjusted in a highly precise and reproducible manner. The forming process employed is a special, property-controlled flow-forming process. A model-based controller is thus to generate corresponding correction values for the tool-path geometry and tool-path velocity on the basis of online martensite content measurements. For the controller model, it is planned to use a special process or microstructure (correlation) model. The planned paper not only describes the experimental setup but also presents results of initial experimental investigations for subsequent use in the closed-loop control of α’-martensite content during flow-forming. AU - Arian, Bahman AU - Homberg, Werner AU - Riepold, Markus AU - Trächtler, Ansgar AU - Rozo Vasquez, Julian AU - Walther, Frank ID - 23465 KW - Flow-forming KW - Spinning KW - Process Strategy KW - Martensite Content KW - Property Control KW - Micromagnetic Measurement KW - Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel SN - 978-2-87019-302-0 TI - Forming of metastable austenitic stainless steel tubes with axially graded martensite content by flow-forming ER - TY - JOUR AB - We build upon a recently proposed multi-objective view onto performance measurement of single-objective stochastic solvers. The trade-off between the fraction of failed runs and the mean runtime of successful runs – both to be minimized – is directly analyzed based on a study on algorithm selection of inexact state-of-the-art solvers for the famous Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP). Moreover, we adopt the hypervolume indicator (HV) commonly used in multi-objective optimization for simultaneously assessing both conflicting objectives and investigate relations to commonly used performance indicators, both theoretically and empirically. Next to Penalized Average Runtime (PAR) and Penalized Quantile Runtime (PQR), the HV measure is used as a core concept within the construction of per-instance algorithm selection models offering interesting insights into complementary behavior of inexact TSP solvers. AU - Bossek, Jakob AU - Kerschke, Pascal AU - Trautmann, Heike ID - 46334 JF - Applied Soft Computing KW - Algorithm selection KW - Multi-objective optimization KW - Performance measurement KW - Combinatorial optimization KW - Traveling Salesperson Problem SN - 1568-4946 TI - A multi-objective perspective on performance assessment and automated selection of single-objective optimization algorithms VL - 88 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We build upon a recently proposed multi-objective view onto performance measurement of single-objective stochastic solvers. The trade-off between the fraction of failed runs and the mean runtime of successful runs \textendash both to be minimized \textendash is directly analyzed based on a study on algorithm selection of inexact state-of-the-art solvers for the famous Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP). Moreover, we adopt the hypervolume indicator (HV) commonly used in multi-objective optimization for simultaneously assessing both conflicting objectives and investigate relations to commonly used performance indicators, both theoretically and empirically. Next to Penalized Average Runtime (PAR) and Penalized Quantile Runtime (PQR), the HV measure is used as a core concept within the construction of per-instance algorithm selection models offering interesting insights into complementary behavior of inexact TSP solvers. \textbullet The multi-objective perspective is naturally generalizable to multiple objectives. \textbullet Proof of relationship between HV and the PAR in the considered bi-objective space. \textbullet New insights into complementary behavior of stochastic optimization algorithms. AU - Bossek, Jakob AU - Kerschke, Pascal AU - Trautmann, Heike ID - 48848 IS - C JF - Applied Soft Computing KW - Algorithm selection KW - Combinatorial optimization KW - Multi-objective optimization KW - Performance measurement KW - Traveling Salesperson Problem SN - 1568-4946 TI - A Multi-Objective Perspective on Performance Assessment and Automated Selection of Single-Objective Optimization Algorithms VL - 88 ER - TY - CONF AB - A multiobjective perspective onto common performance measures such as the PAR10 score or the expected runtime of single-objective stochastic solvers is presented by directly investigating the tradeoff between the fraction of failed runs and the average runtime. Multi-objective indicators operating in the bi-objective space allow for an overall performance comparison on a set of instances paving the way for instance-based automated algorithm selection techniques. AU - Bossek, Jakob AU - Trautmann, Heike ED - Battiti, Roberto ED - Brunato, Mauro ED - Kotsireas, Ilias ED - Pardalos, Panos M. ID - 48875 KW - Algorithm selection KW - Performance measurement SN - 978-3-030-05348-2 T2 - Learning and Intelligent Optimization TI - Multi-Objective Performance Measurement: Alternatives to PAR10 and Expected Running Time ER - TY - CONF AB - An important task in quantum physics is the estimation of local quantities for ground states of local Hamiltonians. Recently, Ambainis defined the complexity class P^QMA[log], and motivated its study by showing that the physical task of estimating the expectation value of a local observable against the ground state of a local Hamiltonian is P^QMA[log]-complete. In this paper, we continue the study of P^QMA[log], obtaining the following results. The P^QMA[log]-completeness result of Ambainis requires O(log n)-local observ- ables and Hamiltonians. We show that simulating even a single qubit measurement on ground states of 5-local Hamiltonians is P^QMA[log]-complete, resolving an open question of Ambainis. We formalize the complexity theoretic study of estimating two-point correlation functions against ground states, and show that this task is similarly P^QMA[log]-complete. P^QMA[log] is thought of as "slightly harder" than QMA. We justify this formally by exploiting the hierarchical voting technique of Beigel, Hemachandra, and Wechsung to show P^QMA[log] \subseteq PP. This improves the containment QMA \subseteq PP from Kitaev and Watrous. A central theme of this work is the subtlety involved in the study of oracle classes in which the oracle solves a promise problem. In this vein, we identify a flaw in Ambainis' prior work regarding a P^UQMA[log]-hardness proof for estimating spectral gaps of local Hamiltonians. By introducing a "query validation" technique, we build on his prior work to obtain P^UQMA[log]-hardness for estimating spectral gaps under polynomial-time Turing reductions. AU - Gharibian, Sevag AU - Yirka, Justin ED - Wilde, Mark ID - 8160 KW - Complexity theory KW - Quantum Merlin Arthur (QMA) KW - local Hamiltonian KW - local measurement KW - spectral gap T2 - 12th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2017) TI - The Complexity of Simulating Local Measurements on Quantum Systems VL - 73 ER - TY - CONF AU - Ho, Nam AU - Kaufmann, Paul AU - Platzner, Marco ID - 10676 KW - Linux KW - cache storage KW - microprocessor chips KW - multiprocessing systems KW - LEON3-Linux based multicore processor KW - MiBench suite KW - block sizes KW - cache adaptation KW - evolvable caches KW - memory-to-cache-index mapping function KW - processor caches KW - reconfigurable cache mapping optimization KW - reconfigurable hardware technology KW - replacement strategies KW - standard Linux OS KW - time a complete hardware implementation KW - Hardware KW - Indexes KW - Linux KW - Measurement KW - Multicore processing KW - Optimization KW - Training T2 - 2017 International Conference on Field Programmable Technology (ICFPT) TI - Evolvable caches: Optimization of reconfigurable cache mappings for a LEON3/Linux-based multi-core processor ER - TY - CONF AB - A measurement method is presented that combines the advantages of the multisine measurement technique with a prediction method for peak bending behavior. This combination allows the analysis of the dynamic behavior of mechanical structures at distinctly reduced measurement durations and has the advantage of reducing high excitation impacts on the structure under test. AU - Sprock, Christian AU - Sextro, Walter ID - 9889 KW - bending KW - dynamic testing KW - measurement KW - structural engineering KW - vibrations KW - measurement durations KW - mechanical structures KW - multisine measurement technique KW - nonlinear peak bending behavior KW - prediction method KW - time-efficient dynamic analysis KW - Heuristic algorithms KW - Nonlinear systems KW - Oscillators KW - Time measurement KW - Time-frequency analysis KW - Vibrations T2 - Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International TI - Time-efficient dynamic analysis of structures exhibiting nonlinear peak bending ER - TY - CONF AU - Ho, Nam AU - Kaufmann, Paul AU - Platzner, Marco ID - 10674 KW - Linux KW - hardware-software codesign KW - multiprocessing systems KW - parallel processing KW - LEON3 multicore platform KW - Linux kernel KW - PMU KW - hardware counters KW - hardware-software infrastructure KW - high performance embedded computing KW - perf_event KW - performance monitoring unit KW - Computer architecture KW - Hardware KW - Monitoring KW - Phasor measurement units KW - Radiation detectors KW - Registers KW - Software T2 - 24th Intl. Conf. on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL) TI - A hardware/software infrastructure for performance monitoring on LEON3 multicore platforms ER - TY - CONF AU - Ho, Nam AU - Kaufmann, Paul AU - Platzner, Marco ID - 10677 KW - Linux KW - cache storage KW - embedded systems KW - granular computing KW - multiprocessing systems KW - reconfigurable architectures KW - Leon3 SPARe processor KW - custom logic events KW - evolvable-self-adaptable processor cache KW - fine granular profiling KW - integer unit events KW - measurement infrastructure KW - microarchitectural events KW - multicore embedded system KW - perf_event standard Linux performance measurement interface KW - processor properties KW - run-time reconfigurable memory-to-cache address mapping engine KW - run-time reconfigurable multicore infrastructure KW - split-level caching KW - Field programmable gate arrays KW - Frequency locked loops KW - Irrigation KW - Phasor measurement units KW - Registers KW - Weaving T2 - 2014 {IEEE} Intl. Conf. on Evolvable Systems (ICES) TI - Towards self-adaptive caches: A run-time reconfigurable multi-core infrastructure ER - TY - JOUR AB - In this contribution we present a theoretical and experimental investigation into the effects of reverberation and noise on features in the logarithmic mel power spectral domain, an intermediate stage in the computation of the mel frequency cepstral coefficients, prevalent in automatic speech recognition (ASR). Gaining insight into the complex interaction between clean speech, noise, and noisy reverberant speech features is essential for any ASR system to be robust against noise and reverberation present in distant microphone input signals. The findings are gathered in a probabilistic formulation of an observation model which may be used in model-based feature compensation schemes. The proposed observation model extends previous models in three major directions: First, the contribution of additive background noise to the observation error is explicitly taken into account. Second, an energy compensation constant is introduced which ensures an unbiased estimate of the reverberant speech features, and, third, a recursive variant of the observation model is developed resulting in reduced computational complexity when used in model-based feature compensation. The experimental section is used to evaluate the accuracy of the model and to describe how its parameters can be determined from test data. AU - Leutnant, Volker AU - Krueger, Alexander AU - Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold ID - 11861 IS - 1 JF - IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing KW - computational complexity KW - reverberation KW - speech recognition KW - automatic speech recognition KW - background noise KW - clean speech KW - computational complexity KW - energy compensation KW - logarithmic mel power spectral domain KW - mel frequency cepstral coefficients KW - microphone input signals KW - model-based feature compensation schemes KW - noisy reverberant speech automatic recognition KW - noisy reverberant speech features KW - reverberation KW - Atmospheric modeling KW - Computational modeling KW - Noise KW - Noise measurement KW - Reverberation KW - Speech KW - Vectors KW - Model-based feature compensation KW - observation model for reverberant and noisy speech KW - recursive observation model KW - robust automatic speech recognition SN - 2329-9290 TI - A New Observation Model in the Logarithmic Mel Power Spectral Domain for the Automatic Recognition of Noisy Reverberant Speech VL - 22 ER - TY - CONF AB - In this contribution we derive the Maximum A-Posteriori (MAP) estimates of the parameters of a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) in the presence of noisy observations. We assume the distortion to be white Gaussian noise of known mean and variance. An approximate conjugate prior of the GMM parameters is derived allowing for a computationally efficient implementation in a sequential estimation framework. Simulations on artificially generated data demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method compared to the Maximum Likelihood technique and to the ordinary MAP approach, whose estimates are corrected by the known statistics of the distortion in a straightforward manner. AU - Chinaev, Aleksej AU - Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold ID - 11740 KW - Gaussian noise KW - maximum likelihood estimation KW - parameter estimation KW - GMM parameter KW - Gaussian mixture model KW - MAP estimation KW - Map-based estimation KW - maximum a-posteriori estimation KW - maximum likelihood technique KW - noisy observation KW - sequential estimation framework KW - white Gaussian noise KW - Additive noise KW - Gaussian mixture model KW - Maximum likelihood estimation KW - Noise measurement KW - Gaussian mixture model KW - Maximum a posteriori estimation KW - Maximum likelihood estimation SN - 1520-6149 T2 - 38th International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2013) TI - MAP-based Estimation of the Parameters of a Gaussian Mixture Model in the Presence of Noisy Observations ER - TY - CONF AB - In this paper, we consider the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation of the parameters of a GAUSSIAN in the presence of censored, i.e., clipped data. We show that the resulting Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm delivers virtually biasfree and efficient estimates, and we discuss its convergence properties. We also discuss optimal classification in the presence of censored data. Censored data are frequently encountered in wireless LAN positioning systems based on the fingerprinting method employing signal strength measurements, due to the limited sensitivity of the portable devices. Experiments both on simulated and real-world data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. AU - Hoang, Manh Kha AU - Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold ID - 11816 KW - Gaussian processes KW - Global Positioning System KW - convergence KW - expectation-maximisation algorithm KW - fingerprint identification KW - indoor radio KW - signal classification KW - wireless LAN KW - EM algorithm KW - ML estimation KW - WiFi indoor positioning KW - censored Gaussian data classification KW - clipped data KW - convergence properties KW - expectation maximization algorithm KW - fingerprinting method KW - maximum likelihood estimation KW - optimal classification KW - parameters estimation KW - portable devices sensitivity KW - signal strength measurements KW - wireless LAN positioning systems KW - Convergence KW - IEEE 802.11 Standards KW - Maximum likelihood estimation KW - Parameter estimation KW - Position measurement KW - Training KW - Indoor positioning KW - censored data KW - expectation maximization KW - signal strength KW - wireless LAN SN - 1520-6149 T2 - 38th International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2013) TI - Parameter estimation and classification of censored Gaussian data with application to WiFi indoor positioning ER - TY - CONF AB - In this paper we present a robust location estimation algorithm especially focused on the accuracy in vertical position. A loosely-coupled error state space Kalman filter, which fuses sensor data of an Inertial Measurement Unit and the output of a Global Positioning System device, is augmented by height information from an altitude measurement unit. This unit consists of a barometric altimeter whose output is fused with topographic map information by a Kalman filter to provide robust information about the current vertical user position. These data replace the less reliable vertical position information provided the GPS device. It is shown that typical barometric errors like thermal divergences and fluctuations in the pressure due to changing weather conditions can be compensated by the topographic map information and the barometric error Kalman filter. The resulting height information is shown not only to be more reliable than height information provided by GPS. It also turns out that it leads to better attitude and thus better overall localization estimation accuracy due to the coupling of spatial orientations via the Direct Cosine Matrix. Results are presented both for artificially generated and field test data, where the user is moving by car. AU - Bevermeier, Maik AU - Walter, Oliver AU - Peschke, Sven AU - Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold ID - 11726 KW - altitude measurement unit KW - barometers KW - barometric altimeter KW - barometric error Kalman filter KW - barometric height estimation KW - direct cosine matrix KW - global positioning system KW - Global Positioning System KW - GPS device KW - height information KW - height measurement KW - inertial measurement unit KW - Kalman filters KW - loosely-coupled error state space Kalman filter KW - loosely-coupled Kalman-filter KW - map matching KW - robust information KW - robust location estimation KW - sensor fusion KW - topographic map information KW - vertical user position T2 - 7th Workshop on Positioning Navigation and Communication (WPNC 2010) TI - Barometric height estimation combined with map-matching in a loosely-coupled Kalman-filter ER -