@inproceedings{55308,
  abstract     = {{Established companies are undertaking major transformation initiatives of their corporate structures and organisational forms to cope with the complexity during the engineering of cyber-physical production systems (CPPS). A frequently discussed issue is the measurability of this transformation progress. This paper conducts a systematic literature analysis of approaches regarding measurability of transformation and evaluates their application in the context of a systems engineering transformation. Measure-ment criteria are derived from the identified approaches, categorised, and finally evaluated by industry experts regarding their applicability. The categorised measurement criteria can be used to accurately measure the progress of a transformation process.}},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Grewe, Benedikt}},
  keywords     = {{Organizational Transformation, Systems Engineering, Meausrement, Metrics, Organizational Change}},
  location     = {{Ischia, Italy}},
  title        = {{{Measuring Systems Engineering Transformation: A systematic literature review}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2026.01.202}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

@article{17358,
  abstract     = {{Approximate circuits trade-off computational accuracy against improvements in hardware area, delay, or energy consumption. IP core vendors who wish to create such circuits need to convince consumers of the resulting approximation quality. As a solution we propose proof-carrying approximate circuits: The vendor creates an approximate IP core together with a certificate that proves the approximation quality. The proof certificate is bundled with the approximate IP core and sent off to the consumer. The consumer can formally verify the approximation quality of the IP core at a fraction of the typical computational cost for formal verification. In this paper, we first make the case for proof-carrying approximate circuits and then demonstrate the feasibility of the approach by a set of synthesis experiments using an exemplary approximation framework.}},
  author       = {{Witschen, Linus Matthias and Wiersema, Tobias and Platzner, Marco}},
  issn         = {{1557-9999}},
  journal      = {{IEEE Transactions On Very Large Scale Integration Systems}},
  keywords     = {{Approximate circuit synthesis, approximate computing, error metrics, formal verification, proof-carrying hardware}},
  number       = {{9}},
  pages        = {{2084 -- 2088}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE}},
  title        = {{{Proof-carrying Approximate Circuits}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/TVLSI.2020.3008061}},
  volume       = {{28}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

@inproceedings{5625,
  abstract     = {{The increasing availability and deployment of open source software in personal and commercial environments makes open source software highly appealing for hackers, and others who are interested in exploiting software vulnerabilities. This deployment has resulted in a debate ?full of religion? on the security of open source software compared to that of closed source software. However, beyond such arguments, only little quantitative analysis on this research issue has taken place. We discuss the state-of-the-art of the security debate and identify shortcomings. Based on these, we propose new metrics, which allows to answer the question to what extent the review process of open source and closed source development has helped to fix vulnerabilities. We illustrate the application of some of these metrics in a case study on OpenOffice (open source software) vs. Microsoft Office (closed source software).}},
  author       = {{Schryen, Guido and Kadura, Rouven}},
  booktitle    = {{24th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing}},
  keywords     = {{Open source software, Closed source software, Security, Metrics}},
  title        = {{{Open Source vs. Closed Source Software: Towards Measuring Security}}},
  year         = {{2009}},
}