@inbook{33825,
  abstract     = {{This article describes our approach for the specification and verification of production automation systems with real-time properties. We focus on the graphical MFERT notation and RT-OCL (Real-Time Object Constraint Language) for the specification of state-oriented real-time properties. RT-OCL is an extension of the Object Constraint Language (OCL) that is part of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). We introduce the formal semantics of RT-OCL based on a formal model of UML Class and State Diagrams and provide a mapping to temporal logics. The applicability of our approach is demonstrated by the case study of a manufacturing system with automated guided vehicles.}},
  author       = {{Flake, Stephan and Müller, Wolfgang and Pape, Ulrich and Ruf, Jürgen}},
  booktitle    = {{Integration of Software Specification Techniques for Applications in Engineering}},
  editor       = {{Ehrig, Hartmut and Damm, Werner and Desel, Jörg and Große-Rhode, Martin and Reif, Wolfgang and Schnieder, Eckehard and Westkämper, Engelbert}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-540-27863-4}},
  keywords     = {{Model Check, Temporal Logic, Object Constraint Language, Abstract Syntax, Temporal Logic Formula}},
  pages        = {{206--226}},
  publisher    = {{Springer-Verlag}},
  title        = {{{Specification and Formal Verification of Temporal Properties of Production Automation Systems}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-540-27863-4_13}},
  volume       = {{3147}},
  year         = {{2004}},
}

@inbook{34447,
  abstract     = {{The Object Constraint Language (OCL) was introduced to support the specification of constraints for UML diagrams and is mainly used to formulate invariants and operation pre- and postconditions. Though OCL is also applied in behavioral diagrams, e.g., as guards for state transitions, it is currently not possible to specify constraints concerning the dynamic behavior and timing properties of such diagrams.

This article discusses OCL’s application for the dynamic behavior of UML Statechart diagrams and presents an OCL extension for specification of state-oriented time-bounded constraints.We introduce operations to extract state configurations from diagrams and define additional predicates over states and state configurations. The semantics of our OCL extension is given by employing time-bounded Computational Tree Logic (CTL) formulae. An example of a flexible manufacturing system with automated guided vehicles demonstrates the application of our extension.}},
  author       = {{Flake, Stephan and Müller, Wolfgang}},
  booktitle    = {{Advances in Object Modelling with the OCL}},
  editor       = {{Clark, T. and Warmer, J.}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-540-45669-8}},
  keywords     = {{Model Check     Temporal Logic     Object Constraint Language     Execution Path     Kripke Structure}},
  pages        = {{150 -- 171}},
  publisher    = {{Springer-Verlag}},
  title        = {{{An OCL Extension for Real-Time Constraints}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/3-540-45669-4_8}},
  year         = {{2002}},
}