@article{64985, abstract = {{Modern industrial development has necessitated a wide range of joining technologies. Self-pierce riveting has become a prevalent technique for sheet metal assembly, especially in automotive applications. Achieving proper joint geometry and adequate load-bearing capacity depends on appropriate tool selection and precise process control. Material properties and condition also play a significant role in process performance. To accommodate the inevitable variations in component characteristics during production, a robust and stable joining process is essential. The study focuses on investigating the influence of preformed joining partners on the joining process and the joint's load capacity. An EN AW-6014 in T4 condition, as well as an HCT590X, are used as materials for this study. For this purpose, an exemplary process chain consisting of the steps of performing, joining, and shear load testing is studied. Each process step is implemented using an FE model to predict the outcome of subsequent steps. For analysis of the influence of pre-strain, an optimisation software is used to plan and execute variations of the process. These variations are used to create a meta-model that can describe the relationships between pre-forming and characteristic parameters of subsequent process steps. The resulting model is validated by comparing simulation and experimental data. Finally, in a novel approach, the robustness of the presented process chain is analyzed in terms of a tolerable performance level for the joining partners.}}, author = {{Ludwig, Jean-Patrick and Tolke, Emil and Schlichter, Malte Christian and Bobbert, Mathias and Meschut, Gerson}}, issn = {{2666-3309}}, journal = {{Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}}, keywords = {{Self-pierce riveting, FE modelling, Plastic pre-deformation, Meta modelling}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Numerical analysis of the robustness of self-pierce riveting with pre-formed joining partners}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100391}}, volume = {{13}}, year = {{2026}}, } @inproceedings{58763, abstract = {{Utilizing data is crucial for economic success, but a lack of interoperability and concerns about the misuse of ones own data are hindering the cross-organizational use of data. Dataspaces provide the infrastructure necessary to integrate heterogeneous data sources within an organization or ecosystem, enabling seamless data interaction and interoperability. In addition, data spaces strengthen data sovereignty through their decentralized nature, which enables organizations to effectively control and manage their data. However, challenges persist in managing the complexity and dynamic nature of dataspaces, requiring significant resources and technical expertise. The decentralized nature leads to a large and diverse number of stakeholders, who need to agree on the use and scope of a dataspace. Modeling is a common approach to cope with technical complexity and heterogeneous stakeholders. In this paper, we propose a version of SysML and a corresponding method that focus on the modelling of data spaces. We provide a dataspace modelling method to unify the understanding of dataspaces and scope among all stakeholders to simplify the design and development process.}}, author = {{Kulkarni, Pranav Jayant and Zerbin, Julian and Koldewey, Christian and Bernijazov, Ruslan and Dumitrescu, Roman}}, booktitle = {{2024 IEEE International Conference on Technology Management, Operations and Decisions (ICTMOD)}}, keywords = {{Dataspaces, Modelling, SysML, Gaia-X, System Specification}}, location = {{Sharjah, United Arab Emirates }}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Using SysML as a Modelling Language for Dataspaces}}}, doi = {{10.1109/ictmod63116.2024.10878227}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{61057, abstract = {{Verification and Validation (V&V) are essential processes in engineering Cyber-Physical Systems. However, the role of V&V engineers is often not given sufficient attention. Based on a systematic literature analysis and practical observations, a four-step method for Test-oriented Resilient Requirements Engineering (ToRRE) is developed. The steps are planning V&V, executing V&V activities, documenting V&V activities and analyzing results of V&V activities. Applying ToRRE ensures continuous information flow and traceability. Engineers are enabled to analyze requirements using engineering artifacts connected through Model-Based Systems Engineering. Adopting methods for Model-Based Effect Chain analysis to evaluated test cases and test scenarios, conclusions on requirements engineering and change management are enabled. The method is evaluated in an EU research project.}}, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Ebel, Marcel}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}}, issn = {{2732-527X}}, keywords = {{systems engineering (SE), product modelling/models, design methods, verification & validation, test cases & test scenarios}}, location = {{Dallas, Texas, USA}}, pages = {{3031--3040}}, publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}}, title = {{{Test-oriented Resilient Requirements Engineering (ToRRE): extending model-based effect chain analysis to verification objectives}}}, doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10317}}, volume = {{5}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62643, author = {{Schwabe, Tobias and Kress, Christian and Kruse, Stephan and Weizel, Maxim and Rhee, Hanjo and Scheytt, J. Christoph}}, journal = {{Journal of Lightwave Technology}}, keywords = {{Integrated circuit modeling, Capacitance, Silicon, Modulation, Adaptation models, Semiconductor device modeling, Bandwidth, Data communication, electrooptical transmitter, equalization, free-carrier-plasma dispersion effect, modelling, optical modulator, phase shifter, silicon photonics}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{255--270}}, title = {{{Forward-Biased Silicon Phase Shifter Modeling for Electronic-Photonic Co-Simulation and Validation in a 250 nm EPIC BiCMOS Technology}}}, doi = {{10.1109/JLT.2024.3450949}}, volume = {{43}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{53816, abstract = {{Augmented (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies have been applied very broadly in the recent past. While prior work emphasizes the potential of these technologies in various application domains, the process of visual attention in and across the contexts of AR/VR environments is not exhaustively explored yet. By now, visual attention in AR/VR environments has majorly been studied by means of overt attention (i.e. saccadic eye movements), self-report, and process-related visual attention proxies (like reaction time). In this work, we analyze covert visual attention based on the (psychological) Theory of Visual Attention (TVA), which allows us to quantify theory-based interpretable properties of the visual attention process. For example, the TVA allows us to measure the overall processing speed. We instantiate this TVA-based framework with a 30-participant explorative within-subjects study. The results show a decisive difference in visual attention between Reality (i.e. the neutral condition) and Virtual Reality and a weak difference between Reality and Augmented Reality. We discuss the consequences of our findings and provide ideas for future studies.}}, author = {{Biermeier, Kai and Scharlau, Ingrid and Yigitbas, Enes}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA 2024)}}, keywords = {{Visual Attention, TVA, Cognitive Modelling, Bayesian Modelling, AR, VR}}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {{{Measuring Visual Attention Capacity Across xReality}}}, doi = {{10.1145/3652037.3652050}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{54847, abstract = {{The widespread adoption of ultra-high strength steels, due to their high bulk resistivity, intensifies expulsion issues in resistance spot welding (RSW), deteriorating both the spot weld and surface quality. This study presents a novel approach to prevent expulsion by employing a preheating current. Through characteristic analysis of joint formation under critical welding current, the importance of plastic material encapsulation around the weld nugget (plastic shell) at high temperatures in preventing expulsion is highlighted. To evaluate the effect of preheating on the plastic shell and understand its mechanism in expulsion prevention, a two-dimensional welding simulation model for dissimilar ultra-high strength steel joints was established. The results showed that optimal preheating enhances the thickness of the plastic shell, improving its ability to encapsulate the weld nugget during the primary welding phase, thereby diminishing expulsion risks. Experimental validation confirmed that by employing the optimal preheating current, the maximum nugget diameter was enhanced to 9.42 mm, marking an increase of 13.4 % and extending the weldable current range by 27.5 %. Under quasi-static cross-tensile loading, joints with preheating demonstrated a 7.9 % enhancement in maximum load-bearing capacity compared to joints without preheating, showing a reproducible and complete pull-out failure mode within the heat-affected zone. This study offers a prevention method based on underlying mechanisms, providing a new perspective for future research on welding parameter optimization with the aim of expulsion prevention.}}, author = {{Yang, Keke and El-Sari, Bassel and Olfert, Viktoria and Wang, Zhuoqun and Biegler, Max and Rethmeier, Michael and Meschut, Gerson}}, issn = {{1526-6125}}, journal = {{Journal of Manufacturing Processes}}, keywords = {{Expulsion Resistance spot welding Finite element modelling Preheating Weldable current range Ultra-high strength steel}}, pages = {{489--502}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Expulsion prevention in resistance spot welding of dissimilar joints with ultra-high strength steel: An analysis of the mechanism and effect of preheating current}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.jmapro.2024.06.034}}, volume = {{124}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inbook{34211, abstract = {{Nowadays, clinching is a widely used joining technique, where sheets are joined by pure deformation to create an interlock without the need for auxiliary parts. This leads to advantages such as reduced joining time and manufacturing costs. On the other hand, the joint strength solely relies on directed material deformation, which renders an accurate material modelling essential to reliably predict the joint forming. The formation of the joint locally involves large plastic strains and possibly complex non-proportional loading paths, as typical of many metal forming applications. Consequently, a finite plasticity formulation is utilised incorporating a Chaboche–Rousselier kinematic hardening law to capture the Bauschinger effect. Material parameters are identified from tension–compression tests on miniature spec- imens for the dual-phase steel HCT590X. The resulting material model is implemented in LS-Dyna to study the locally diverse loading paths and give a quantitative statement on the importance of kinematic hardening for clinching. It turns out that the Bauschinger effect mainly affects the springback of the sheets and has a smaller effect on the joint forming itself.}}, author = {{Friedlein, Johannes and Mergheim, Julia and Steinmann, Paul}}, booktitle = {{The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series}}, isbn = {{9783031062117}}, issn = {{2367-1181}}, keywords = {{Clinching, Material modelling, Kinematic hardening, Parameter identification, Bauschinger effect}}, publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}}, title = {{{Influence of Kinematic Hardening on Clinch Joining of Dual-Phase Steel HCT590X Sheet Metal}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-031-06212-4_31}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{34820, abstract = {{The construct of noticing is considered to be of crucial importance for professional action of (prospective) physical education (PE) teachers in the context of (inclusive) PE. In order to implement the demands of inclusive PE teaching, noticingwith regard to processes of recognition proves to be particularly significant. Due to the relevance of physicality, the design of recognition relationships that encourage pupils' development results in specific requirements for the selective attention and the theory-based interpretation of processes of recognition and disregard in complex teaching situations. This facet of competence has hardly been studied so far, partly due to the lack of instruments for standardised assessment of this construct. In the context of this paper, the development and validation of a standardised, video vignette-based test instrument for the measurement of noticingwith regard to processes of recognition of prospective PE teachers is presented. The validation focuses on the content of the test and the internal structure of the instrument as well as on correlations with related constructs in terms of content. The results from three consecutive validation studies provide indications of the reliability and validity of the test score interpretation of the instrument ViProQiS_A. The findings so far indicate that the standardised measurement of noticingwith regard to processes of recognitionin inclusive PE could be realized on the basis of the test instrument developed here.}}, author = {{Langer, Wiebke and Bruns, Julia and Erhorn, Jan}}, issn = {{2509-3150}}, journal = {{German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research}}, keywords = {{Physical education teacher education, Competence modelling and, measurement, Inclusive physical education, Video-based items, Noticing}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{386--397}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Development and validation of a video-based test instrument to measure noticing with regard to processes ofrecognition in inclusive physical education}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s12662-022-00807-0}}, volume = {{52}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{26539, abstract = {{In control design most control strategies are model-based and require accurate models to be applied successfully. Due to simplifications and the model-reality-gap physics-derived models frequently exhibit deviations from real-world-systems. Likewise, purely data-driven methods often do not generalise well enough and may violate physical laws. Recently Physics-Guided Neural Networks (PGNN) and physics-inspired loss functions separately have shown promising results to conquer these drawbacks. In this contribution we extend existing methods towards the identification of non-autonomous systems and propose a combined approach PGNN-L, which uses a PGNN and a physics-inspired loss term (-L) to successfully identify the system's dynamics, while maintaining the consistency with physical laws. The proposed method is demonstrated on two real-world nonlinear systems and outperforms existing techniques regarding complexity and reliability.}}, author = {{Götte, Ricarda-Samantha and Timmermann, Julia}}, booktitle = {{2022 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Control (AIRC)}}, keywords = {{data-driven, physics-based, physics-informed, neural networks, system identification, hybrid modelling}}, location = {{Cairo, Egypt}}, pages = {{67--76}}, title = {{{Composed Physics- and Data-driven System Identification for Non-autonomous Systems in Control Engineering}}}, doi = {{10.1109/AIRC56195.2022.9836982}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{26389, abstract = {{Within this work, we investigate how data-driven numerical approximation methods of the Koopman operator can be used in practical control engineering applications. We refer to the method Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD), which approximates a nonlinear dynamical system as a linear model. This makes the method ideal for control engineering applications, because a linear system description is often assumed for this purpose. Using academic examples, we simulatively analyze the prediction performance of the learned EDMD models and show how relevant system properties like stability, controllability, and observability are reflected by the EDMD model, which is a critical requirement for a successful control design process. Subsequently, we present our experimental results on a mechatronic test bench and evaluate the applicability to the control engineering design process. As a result, the investigated methods are suitable as a low-effort alternative for the design steps of model building and adaptation in the classical model-based controller design method.}}, author = {{Junker, Annika and Timmermann, Julia and Trächtler, Ansgar}}, booktitle = {{2022 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Control (AIRC 2022)}}, isbn = {{978-1-6654-5946-4}}, keywords = {{Koopman Operator, Nonlinear Control, Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition, Hybrid Modelling}}, location = {{Cairo, Egypt}}, pages = {{1--9}}, title = {{{Data-Driven Models for Control Engineering Applications Using the Koopman Operator}}}, doi = {{10.1109/AIRC56195.2022.9836980}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{21442, author = {{Tinkloh, Steffen Rainer and Wu, Tao and Tröster, Thomas and Niendorf, Thomas}}, keywords = {{Micromechanics, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Reduced Order Modelling, Homogenization}}, title = {{{Development of a submodel technique for FFT-based solvers in micromechanical analysis}}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inproceedings{9974, abstract = {{The integrated modeling of behavior and reliability in system development delivers a model-based approach for reliability investigation by taking into account the dynamic system behavior as well as the system architecture at different phases of the development process. This approach features an automated synthesis of a reliability model out of a behavior model enabling for the closed loop modeling of degradation of the system and its (dynamic) behavior. The approach is integrated into the development process following Systems Engineering. It is based on standard models used in model-based development methodologies i.e. SysML or Matlab/Simulink. In addition to the theoretical description of the necessary steps the procedure is validated by an application example at two stages of the development process.}}, author = {{Hentze, Julian and Kaul, Thorben and Grässler, Iris and Sextro, Walter}}, booktitle = {{ICED17, 21st International conference on enginieering design}}, keywords = {{Design for X (DfX), Product modelling / models, Robust design, Systems Engineering (SE), Reliability}}, pages = {{385--394}}, title = {{{Integrated modeling og behavior and reliability in system development}}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inbook{33813, abstract = {{Today, mobile and embedded real-time systems have to cope with the migration and allocation of multiple software tasks running on top of a real-time operating system (RTOS) residing on one or several system processors. Each RTOS has to be configured towards the individual needs of the application and environment. For this, different scheduling strategies and task priorities have to be evaluated in order to keep execution and response times for a given task set. Abstract RTOS simulation is applied to analyze different parameters in early design phases. This chapter presents a SystemC RTOS library for abstract yet accurate RTOS sim- ulation, supporting modeling of preemption in the presence of prioritized and nested interrupts. After introducing basic principles of abstract RTOS simula- tion, we present our SystemC library in detail. Thereafter, we discuss related approaches and close with applications in electronic automotive systems design and some evaluations.}}, author = {{Zabel, Henning and Müller, Wolfgang and Gerstlauer, Andreas}}, booktitle = {{Hardware Dependent Software - Principles and Practice}}, editor = {{Ecker, Wolfgang and Müller, Wolfgang and Dömer, Rainer}}, isbn = {{978-1-4020-9435-4}}, keywords = {{RTOS Modelling, RTOS Simulation, SystemC, Task Scheduling, Interrupt Analysis}}, pages = {{233--260}}, publisher = {{Springer Verlag}}, title = {{{Accurate RTOS Modelling and Analysis with SystemC}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-1-4020-9436-1_9}}, year = {{2009}}, } @article{34563, abstract = {{UML has been widely accepted by the software community for several years. As electronic systems design can no longer be seen as an isolated hardware design activity, UML becomes of significant interest as a unification language for systems description combining both HW and SW components. This article provides a comprehensive view of the UML applied to System-on-Chip (SoC) and hardware-related embedded systems design. The modeling concepts in the UML language are first introduced, including major diagrams for the representation of the behavior and the structure of systems. The principles behind application specific UML customizations (UML profiles) are summarized, and several examples relevant for SoC design are given, such as the SysML (System Modeling Language) and the SoC Profile. Thereafter, various approaches associating UML with existing HW/SW design languages are presented. Beyond language aspects, the article addresses the question of UML-based design flows, and shows how UML can be applied concretely to the development of electronic-based systems. The current situation about tool support constitutes the last focus of the article. In particular, we show how UML tools can be combined with well-known simulation environments, such as MATLAB.}}, author = {{Vanderperren, Yves and Müller, Wolfgang and Dahaene, Wim}}, journal = {{Design Automation for Embedded Systems}}, keywords = {{UML SysML Model-based design System specification Modelling languages}}, pages = {{261--292}}, publisher = {{Springer-Verlag}}, title = {{{UML for Electronic Systems Design – A Comprehensive Overview}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s10617-008-9028-9}}, volume = {{12}}, year = {{2008}}, }