---
_id: '32179'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This work addresses the automatic resolution of software requirements. In
    the vision of On-The-Fly Computing, software services should be composed on demand,
    based solely on natural language input from human users. To enable this, we build
    a chatbot solution that works with human-in-the-loop support to receive, analyze,
    correct, and complete their software requirements. The chatbot is equipped with
    a natural language processing pipeline and a large knowledge base, as well as
    sophisticated dialogue management skills to enhance the user experience. Previous
    solutions have focused on analyzing software requirements to point out errors
    such as vagueness, ambiguity, or incompleteness. Our work shows how apps can collaborate
    with users to efficiently produce correct requirements. We developed and compared
    three different chatbot apps that can work with built-in knowledge. We rely on
    ChatterBot, DialoGPT and Rasa for this purpose. While DialoGPT provides its own
    knowledge base, Rasa is the best system to combine the text mining and knowledge
    solutions at our disposal. The evaluation shows that users accept 73% of the suggested
    answers from Rasa, while they accept only 63% from DialoGPT or even 36% from ChatterBot.
author:
- first_name: Joschka
  full_name: Kersting, Joschka
  id: '58701'
  last_name: Kersting
- first_name: Mobeen
  full_name: Ahmed, Mobeen
  last_name: Ahmed
- first_name: Michaela
  full_name: Geierhos, Michaela
  id: '42496'
  last_name: Geierhos
  orcid: 0000-0002-8180-5606
citation:
  ama: 'Kersting J, Ahmed M, Geierhos M. Chatbot-Enhanced Requirements Resolution
    for Automated Service Compositions. In: Stephanidis C, Antona M, Ntoa S, eds.
    <i>HCI International 2022 Posters</i>. Vol 1580. Communications in Computer and
    Information Science (CCIS). Springer International Publishing; 2022:419--426.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06417-3_56">10.1007/978-3-031-06417-3_56</a>'
  apa: Kersting, J., Ahmed, M., &#38; Geierhos, M. (2022). Chatbot-Enhanced Requirements
    Resolution for Automated Service Compositions. In C. Stephanidis, M. Antona, &#38;
    S. Ntoa (Eds.), <i>HCI International 2022 Posters</i> (Vol. 1580, pp. 419--426).
    Springer International Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06417-3_56">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06417-3_56</a>
  bibtex: '@inbook{Kersting_Ahmed_Geierhos_2022, place={Cham, Switzerland}, series={Communications
    in Computer and Information Science (CCIS)}, title={Chatbot-Enhanced Requirements
    Resolution for Automated Service Compositions}, volume={1580}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06417-3_56">10.1007/978-3-031-06417-3_56</a>},
    booktitle={HCI International 2022 Posters}, publisher={Springer International
    Publishing}, author={Kersting, Joschka and Ahmed, Mobeen and Geierhos, Michaela},
    editor={Stephanidis, Constantine and Antona, Margherita and Ntoa, Stavroula},
    year={2022}, pages={419--426}, collection={Communications in Computer and Information
    Science (CCIS)} }'
  chicago: 'Kersting, Joschka, Mobeen Ahmed, and Michaela Geierhos. “Chatbot-Enhanced
    Requirements Resolution for Automated Service Compositions.” In <i>HCI International
    2022 Posters</i>, edited by Constantine Stephanidis, Margherita Antona, and Stavroula
    Ntoa, 1580:419--426. Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS).
    Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06417-3_56">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06417-3_56</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. Kersting, M. Ahmed, and M. Geierhos, “Chatbot-Enhanced Requirements Resolution
    for Automated Service Compositions,” in <i>HCI International 2022 Posters</i>,
    vol. 1580, C. Stephanidis, M. Antona, and S. Ntoa, Eds. Cham, Switzerland: Springer
    International Publishing, 2022, pp. 419--426.'
  mla: Kersting, Joschka, et al. “Chatbot-Enhanced Requirements Resolution for Automated
    Service Compositions.” <i>HCI International 2022 Posters</i>, edited by Constantine
    Stephanidis et al., vol. 1580, Springer International Publishing, 2022, pp. 419--426,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06417-3_56">10.1007/978-3-031-06417-3_56</a>.
  short: 'J. Kersting, M. Ahmed, M. Geierhos, in: C. Stephanidis, M. Antona, S. Ntoa
    (Eds.), HCI International 2022 Posters, Springer International Publishing, Cham,
    Switzerland, 2022, pp. 419--426.'
conference:
  end_date: 2022-07-01
  location: Virtual
  name: 24th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCII 2022)
  start_date: 2022-06-26
date_created: 2022-06-27T09:27:06Z
date_updated: 2022-11-28T13:22:16Z
ddc:
- '004'
department:
- _id: '579'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-06417-3_56
editor:
- first_name: Constantine
  full_name: Stephanidis, Constantine
  last_name: Stephanidis
- first_name: Margherita
  full_name: Antona, Margherita
  last_name: Antona
- first_name: Stavroula
  full_name: Ntoa, Stavroula
  last_name: Ntoa
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: jkers
  date_created: 2022-11-28T13:21:32Z
  date_updated: 2022-11-28T13:21:32Z
  file_id: '34150'
  file_name: Kersting et al. (2022), Kersting2022.pdf
  file_size: 1153017
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-11-28T13:21:32Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '      1580'
keyword:
- On-The-Fly Computing
- Chatbot
- Knowledge Base
language:
- iso: eng
page: 419--426
place: Cham, Switzerland
project:
- _id: '1'
  name: 'SFB 901: SFB 901'
- _id: '3'
  name: 'SFB 901 - B: SFB 901 - Project Area B'
- _id: '9'
  name: 'SFB 901 - B1: SFB 901 - Subproject B1'
publication: HCI International 2022 Posters
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783031064166'
  - '9783031064173'
  issn:
  - 1865-0929
  - 1865-0937
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer International Publishing
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: confirmation
    url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-06417-3_56
series_title: Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS)
status: public
title: Chatbot-Enhanced Requirements Resolution for Automated Service Compositions
type: book_chapter
user_id: '58701'
volume: 1580
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '26049'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Content is the new oil. Users consume billions of terabytes a day while surfing
    on news sites or blogs, posting on social media sites, and sending chat messages
    around the globe. While content is heterogeneous, the dominant form of web content
    is text. There are situations where more diversity needs to be introduced into
    text content, for example, to reuse it on websites or to allow a chatbot to base
    its models on the information conveyed rather than of the language used. In order
    to achieve this, paraphrasing techniques have been developed: One example is Text
    spinning, a technique that automatically paraphrases text while leaving the intent
    intact. This makes it easier to reuse content, or to change the language generated
    by the bot more human. One method for modifying texts is a combination of translation
    and back-translation. This paper presents NATTS, a naive approach that uses transformer-based
    translation models to create diversified text, combining translation steps in
    one model. An advantage of this approach is that it can be fine-tuned and handle
    technical language.'
author:
- first_name: Frederik Simon
  full_name: Bäumer, Frederik Simon
  last_name: Bäumer
- first_name: Joschka
  full_name: Kersting, Joschka
  id: '58701'
  last_name: Kersting
- first_name: Sergej
  full_name: Denisov, Sergej
  last_name: Denisov
- first_name: Michaela
  full_name: Geierhos, Michaela
  id: '42496'
  last_name: Geierhos
  orcid: 0000-0002-8180-5606
citation:
  ama: 'Bäumer FS, Kersting J, Denisov S, Geierhos M. IN OTHER WORDS: A NAIVE APPROACH
    TO TEXT SPINNING. In: <i>PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES ON WWW/INTERNET
    2021 AND APPLIED COMPUTING 2021</i>. IADIS; 2021:221--225.'
  apa: 'Bäumer, F. S., Kersting, J., Denisov, S., &#38; Geierhos, M. (2021). IN OTHER
    WORDS: A NAIVE APPROACH TO TEXT SPINNING. <i>PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL
    CONFERENCES ON WWW/INTERNET 2021 AND APPLIED COMPUTING 2021</i>, 221--225.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Bäumer_Kersting_Denisov_Geierhos_2021, title={IN OTHER WORDS:
    A NAIVE APPROACH TO TEXT SPINNING}, booktitle={PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL
    CONFERENCES ON WWW/INTERNET 2021 AND APPLIED COMPUTING 2021}, publisher={IADIS},
    author={Bäumer, Frederik Simon and Kersting, Joschka and Denisov, Sergej and Geierhos,
    Michaela}, year={2021}, pages={221--225} }'
  chicago: 'Bäumer, Frederik Simon, Joschka Kersting, Sergej Denisov, and Michaela
    Geierhos. “IN OTHER WORDS: A NAIVE APPROACH TO TEXT SPINNING.” In <i>PROCEEDINGS
    OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES ON WWW/INTERNET 2021 AND APPLIED COMPUTING 2021</i>,
    221--225. IADIS, 2021.'
  ieee: 'F. S. Bäumer, J. Kersting, S. Denisov, and M. Geierhos, “IN OTHER WORDS:
    A NAIVE APPROACH TO TEXT SPINNING,” in <i>PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES
    ON WWW/INTERNET 2021 AND APPLIED COMPUTING 2021</i>, Lisbon, Portugal, 2021, pp.
    221--225.'
  mla: 'Bäumer, Frederik Simon, et al. “IN OTHER WORDS: A NAIVE APPROACH TO TEXT SPINNING.”
    <i>PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES ON WWW/INTERNET 2021 AND APPLIED
    COMPUTING 2021</i>, IADIS, 2021, pp. 221--225.'
  short: 'F.S. Bäumer, J. Kersting, S. Denisov, M. Geierhos, in: PROCEEDINGS OF THE
    INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES ON WWW/INTERNET 2021 AND APPLIED COMPUTING 2021, IADIS,
    2021, pp. 221--225.'
conference:
  end_date: 15.10.2021
  location: Lisbon, Portugal
  name: 18th International Conference on Applied Computing
  start_date: 13.10.2021
date_created: 2021-10-11T15:26:58Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:16Z
ddc:
- '000'
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: jkers
  date_created: 2021-10-15T15:54:41Z
  date_updated: 2021-10-15T15:54:41Z
  file_id: '26282'
  file_name: Bäumer et al. (2021), Baeumer2021.pdf
  file_size: 411667
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-10-15T15:54:41Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Software Requirements
- Natural Language Processing
- Transfer Learning
- On-The-Fly Computing
language:
- iso: eng
page: 221--225
project:
- _id: '1'
  name: SFB 901
- _id: '3'
  name: SFB 901 - Project Area B
- _id: '9'
  name: SFB 901 - Subproject B1
publication: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES ON WWW/INTERNET 2021 AND
  APPLIED COMPUTING 2021
publisher: IADIS
status: public
title: 'IN OTHER WORDS: A NAIVE APPROACH TO TEXT SPINNING'
type: conference
user_id: '58701'
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '18686'
author:
- first_name: Joschka
  full_name: Kersting, Joschka
  id: '58701'
  last_name: Kersting
- first_name: Frederik Simon
  full_name: Bäumer, Frederik Simon
  id: '38837'
  last_name: Bäumer
citation:
  ama: 'Kersting J, Bäumer FS. SEMANTIC TAGGING OF REQUIREMENT DESCRIPTIONS: A TRANSFORMER-BASED
    APPROACH. In: <i>PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED COMPUTING
    2020</i>. IADIS; 2020:119--123.'
  apa: 'Kersting, J., &#38; Bäumer, F. S. (2020). SEMANTIC TAGGING OF REQUIREMENT
    DESCRIPTIONS: A TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH. <i>PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL
    CONFERENCE ON APPLIED COMPUTING 2020</i>, 119--123.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Kersting_Bäumer_2020, title={SEMANTIC TAGGING OF REQUIREMENT
    DESCRIPTIONS: A TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH}, booktitle={PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL
    CONFERENCE ON APPLIED COMPUTING 2020}, publisher={IADIS}, author={Kersting, Joschka
    and Bäumer, Frederik Simon}, year={2020}, pages={119--123} }'
  chicago: 'Kersting, Joschka, and Frederik Simon Bäumer. “SEMANTIC TAGGING OF REQUIREMENT
    DESCRIPTIONS: A TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH.” In <i>PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL
    CONFERENCE ON APPLIED COMPUTING 2020</i>, 119--123. IADIS, 2020.'
  ieee: 'J. Kersting and F. S. Bäumer, “SEMANTIC TAGGING OF REQUIREMENT DESCRIPTIONS:
    A TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH,” in <i>PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
    ON APPLIED COMPUTING 2020</i>, Lisbon, Portugal, 2020, pp. 119--123.'
  mla: 'Kersting, Joschka, and Frederik Simon Bäumer. “SEMANTIC TAGGING OF REQUIREMENT
    DESCRIPTIONS: A TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH.” <i>PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL
    CONFERENCE ON APPLIED COMPUTING 2020</i>, IADIS, 2020, pp. 119--123.'
  short: 'J. Kersting, F.S. Bäumer, in: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
    ON APPLIED COMPUTING 2020, IADIS, 2020, pp. 119--123.'
conference:
  end_date: 20.11.2020
  location: Lisbon, Portugal
  name: 17th International Conference on Applied Computing
  start_date: 18.11.2020
date_created: 2020-08-31T10:59:54Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:53:51Z
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: '579'
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: jkers
  date_created: 2020-11-19T17:29:03Z
  date_updated: 2020-11-19T17:29:03Z
  file_id: '20443'
  file_name: Kersting & Bäumer (2020), Kersting2020d.pdf
  file_size: 1064877
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-11-19T17:29:03Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Software Requirements
- Natural Language Processing
- Transfer Learning
- On-The-Fly Computing
language:
- iso: eng
page: 119--123
project:
- _id: '1'
  name: SFB 901
- _id: '3'
  name: SFB 901 - Project Area B
- _id: '9'
  name: SFB 901 - Subproject B1
publication: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED COMPUTING 2020
publisher: IADIS
status: public
title: 'SEMANTIC TAGGING OF REQUIREMENT DESCRIPTIONS: A TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH'
type: conference
user_id: '58701'
year: '2020'
...