---
_id: '24550'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Efficiencies and energy yields of microinverters available on the market
    during 2014‒2021 have been \r\nmeasured, compared, and ranked. Conversion efficiencies
    as a function of load have been measured indoors with high \r\naccuracy and ranked
    according to Euro- and CEC weightings. Energy yields have been measured outdoors
    via \r\nidentical and calibrated crystalline silicon PV modules of 215 Wp (until
    2020) and 360 Wp (starting 2021). Inverters \r\nwith two inputs have been fed
    by two of those modules. DC input, AC power output and energy yield of each micro\x02inverter
    have been recorded by individual calibrated electricity meters. CEC and EU efficiency
    rankings have been \r\ncomputed and compared. To assess the influence of PV module
    size, two extremes have been investigated: A rather \r\nsmall module with 215
    Wp - as it has been used 10 years ago, and a brand-new module (2021) offering
    360 Wp. Both \r\ntypes of modules contain 60 solar cells in series connection.
    Appling the low-power modules, the challenge for the \r\ndifferent micro-inverters
    has been during weak-light conditions, using the high-power modules, some inverters
    \r\ntemporarily reach their power limits and yield is reduced. A method using
    a reference configuration of inverter & \r\nmodule and a linear equation y = ax
    + b resulting in the actual yield, any module & inverter configuration can be
    \r\ncharacterized by just the coefficients a and b."
author:
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauter, Stefan
  id: '28836'
  last_name: Krauter
  orcid: 0000-0002-3594-260X
- first_name: Jörg
  full_name: Bendfeld, Jörg
  id: '16148'
  last_name: Bendfeld
citation:
  ama: 'Krauter S, Bendfeld J. Module-Inverters (Microinverters): Influence of Module
    Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields. In: <i>Proceedings of the 38th
    European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC 2021)</i>.
    ; 2021:659-663. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4</a>'
  apa: 'Krauter, S., &#38; Bendfeld, J. (2021). Module-Inverters (Microinverters):
    Influence of Module Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields. <i>Proceedings
    of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC
    2021)</i>, 659–663. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4">https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4</a>'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Krauter_Bendfeld_2021, title={Module-Inverters (Microinverters):
    Influence of Module Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4</a>},
    booktitle={Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference
    and Exhibition (EU PVSEC 2021)}, author={Krauter, Stefan and Bendfeld, Jörg},
    year={2021}, pages={659–663} }'
  chicago: 'Krauter, Stefan, and Jörg Bendfeld. “Module-Inverters (Microinverters):
    Influence of Module Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields.” In <i>Proceedings
    of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC
    2021)</i>, 659–63, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4">https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Krauter and J. Bendfeld, “Module-Inverters (Microinverters): Influence
    of Module Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields,” in <i>Proceedings
    of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC
    2021)</i>, 2021, pp. 659–663, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4</a>.'
  mla: 'Krauter, Stefan, and Jörg Bendfeld. “Module-Inverters (Microinverters): Influence
    of Module Size on Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yields.” <i>Proceedings of
    the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC
    2021)</i>, 2021, pp. 659–63, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4</a>.'
  short: 'S. Krauter, J. Bendfeld, in: Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic
    Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC 2021), 2021, pp. 659–663.'
conference:
  end_date: 2021-09-10
  name: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC
    2021)
  start_date: 2021-09-06
date_created: 2021-09-16T10:17:11Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:22:03Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '53'
doi: 10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-4CO.3.4
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: krauter
  date_created: 2022-01-06T13:20:31Z
  date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:20:31Z
  file_id: '29175'
  file_name: Krauter Bendfeld - Module size Microinverters - EUPVSEC 2021.pdf
  file_size: 5413518
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:20:31Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- AC-modules
- Microinverter
- Power Conditioning
- Efficiency
- Yield
- PV module size
- saturation
- performance
language:
- iso: eng
page: 659 - 663
publication: Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference
  and Exhibition (EU PVSEC 2021)
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 3-936338-78-7
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Module-Inverters (Microinverters): Influence of Module Size on Conversion
  Efficiencies and Energy Yields'
type: conference
user_id: '28836'
year: '2021'
...