---
_id: '29893'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Phase-shift modulated full bridge converters suffer from thermal imbalances
    of the inverter switches. The lagging leg switches are subject to larger commutation
    currents compared to those of the leading leg as the transformer current reduces
    in the freewheeling interval. Furthermore, after this interval, the energy in
    the series inductance may not be large enough to achieve zero-voltage switching
    (ZVS) for the leading leg. Both effects result in thermal imbalances. This paper
    analyzes the alternating-asymmetrical phase-shift modulation to achieve balanced
    conduction and switching losses for all four switches while showing that this
    modulation is easily implemented on standard DSPs. The modulation has been implemented
    to LLC converters where experimental measurement results proved its effectiveness
    for LLC converters by reducing the temperature deviation from 6.3 K to only 0.2
    K such that the peak temperature is reduced from 95 °C to 92 °C. The paper also
    proves that the modulation can be utilized to improve the efficiency of LLC converters
    operated at very low gains while simultaneously reducing the junction temperature
    of all four switches compared to the conventional complementary modulation. Finally,
    EMI implications are analyzed, which show that the modulation may be beneficial
    for reducing the common-mode emissions around the operating frequency.
author:
- first_name: Philipp
  full_name: Rehlaender, Philipp
  id: '69469'
  last_name: Rehlaender
- first_name: Roland
  full_name: Unruh, Roland
  id: '34289'
  last_name: Unruh
- first_name: Frank
  full_name: Schafmeister, Frank
  id: '71291'
  last_name: Schafmeister
- first_name: Joachim
  full_name: Böcker, Joachim
  id: '66'
  last_name: Böcker
  orcid: 0000-0002-8480-7295
citation:
  ama: 'Rehlaender P, Unruh R, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. Alternating Asymmetrical
    Phase-Shift Modulation for Full-Bridge Converters with Balanced Switching Losses
    to Reduce Thermal Imbalances. In: <i>2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference
    and Exposition (APEC)</i>. IEEE; 2021. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487104">10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487104</a>'
  apa: Rehlaender, P., Unruh, R., Schafmeister, F., &#38; Böcker, J. (2021). Alternating
    Asymmetrical Phase-Shift Modulation for Full-Bridge Converters with Balanced Switching
    Losses to Reduce Thermal Imbalances. <i>2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference
    and Exposition (APEC)</i>. 2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and
    Exposition (APEC), Phoenix, AZ, USA. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487104">https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487104</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Rehlaender_Unruh_Schafmeister_Böcker_2021, title={Alternating
    Asymmetrical Phase-Shift Modulation for Full-Bridge Converters with Balanced Switching
    Losses to Reduce Thermal Imbalances}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487104">10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487104</a>},
    booktitle={2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)},
    publisher={IEEE}, author={Rehlaender, Philipp and Unruh, Roland and Schafmeister,
    Frank and Böcker, Joachim}, year={2021} }'
  chicago: Rehlaender, Philipp, Roland Unruh, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim Böcker.
    “Alternating Asymmetrical Phase-Shift Modulation for Full-Bridge Converters with
    Balanced Switching Losses to Reduce Thermal Imbalances.” In <i>2021 IEEE Applied
    Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)</i>. IEEE, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487104">https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487104</a>.
  ieee: 'P. Rehlaender, R. Unruh, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “Alternating Asymmetrical
    Phase-Shift Modulation for Full-Bridge Converters with Balanced Switching Losses
    to Reduce Thermal Imbalances,” presented at the 2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics
    Conference and Exposition (APEC), Phoenix, AZ, USA, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487104">10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487104</a>.'
  mla: Rehlaender, Philipp, et al. “Alternating Asymmetrical Phase-Shift Modulation
    for Full-Bridge Converters with Balanced Switching Losses to Reduce Thermal Imbalances.”
    <i>2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)</i>, IEEE,
    2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487104">10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487104</a>.
  short: 'P. Rehlaender, R. Unruh, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: 2021 IEEE Applied
    Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), IEEE, 2021.'
conference:
  end_date: 2021-06-17
  location: Phoenix, AZ, USA
  name: 2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
  start_date: 2021-06-14
date_created: 2022-02-20T21:19:46Z
date_updated: 2023-10-20T11:50:25Z
department:
- _id: '34'
- _id: '52'
doi: 10.1109/apec42165.2021.9487104
keyword:
- Phase-Shifted Full Bridge
- Full-Bridge Converter
- Phase-Shift Control
- Phase-Shift Modulation
- LLC Converter
- Thermal Balancing
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9487104
publication: 2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-1-7281-8950-5
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Alternating Asymmetrical Phase-Shift Modulation for Full-Bridge Converters
  with Balanced Switching Losses to Reduce Thermal Imbalances
type: conference
user_id: '34289'
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '29203'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present a monolithically integrated electronic-photonic Mach-Zehnder modulator
    with a linear, segmented driver on the same silicon substrate. As metric for the
    modulation efficiency, the external V$\pi$ is hereby reduced to only 420 mV.
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Kress, Christian
  id: '13256'
  last_name: Kress
- first_name: Karanveer
  full_name: Singh, Karanveer
  last_name: Singh
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Schwabe, Tobias
  id: '39217'
  last_name: Schwabe
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Preußler, Stefan
  last_name: Preußler
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Schneider, Thomas
  last_name: Schneider
- first_name: J. Christoph
  full_name: Scheytt, J. Christoph
  id: '37144'
  last_name: Scheytt
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5950-6618
citation:
  ama: 'Kress C, Singh K, Schwabe T, Preußler S, Schneider T, Scheytt JC. High Modulation
    Efficiency Segmented Mach-Zehnder Modulator Monolithically Integrated with Linear
    Driver in 0.25 \textmum BiCMOS Technology. In: <i>OSA Advanced Photonics Congress
    2021</i>. Optical Society of America; 2021:IW1B.1. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/IPRSN.2021.IW1B.1">10.1364/IPRSN.2021.IW1B.1</a>'
  apa: Kress, C., Singh, K., Schwabe, T., Preußler, S., Schneider, T., &#38; Scheytt,
    J. C. (2021). High Modulation Efficiency Segmented Mach-Zehnder Modulator Monolithically
    Integrated with Linear Driver in 0.25 \textmum BiCMOS Technology. <i>OSA Advanced
    Photonics Congress 2021</i>, IW1B.1. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/IPRSN.2021.IW1B.1">https://doi.org/10.1364/IPRSN.2021.IW1B.1</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Kress_Singh_Schwabe_Preußler_Schneider_Scheytt_2021, title={High
    Modulation Efficiency Segmented Mach-Zehnder Modulator Monolithically Integrated
    with Linear Driver in 0.25 \textmum BiCMOS Technology}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/IPRSN.2021.IW1B.1">10.1364/IPRSN.2021.IW1B.1</a>},
    booktitle={OSA Advanced Photonics Congress 2021}, publisher={Optical Society of
    America}, author={Kress, Christian and Singh, Karanveer and Schwabe, Tobias and
    Preußler, Stefan and Schneider, Thomas and Scheytt, J. Christoph}, year={2021},
    pages={IW1B.1} }'
  chicago: Kress, Christian, Karanveer Singh, Tobias Schwabe, Stefan Preußler, Thomas
    Schneider, and J. Christoph Scheytt. “High Modulation Efficiency Segmented Mach-Zehnder
    Modulator Monolithically Integrated with Linear Driver in 0.25 \textmum BiCMOS
    Technology.” In <i>OSA Advanced Photonics Congress 2021</i>, IW1B.1. Optical Society
    of America, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/IPRSN.2021.IW1B.1">https://doi.org/10.1364/IPRSN.2021.IW1B.1</a>.
  ieee: 'C. Kress, K. Singh, T. Schwabe, S. Preußler, T. Schneider, and J. C. Scheytt,
    “High Modulation Efficiency Segmented Mach-Zehnder Modulator Monolithically Integrated
    with Linear Driver in 0.25 \textmum BiCMOS Technology,” in <i>OSA Advanced Photonics
    Congress 2021</i>, 2021, p. IW1B.1, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/IPRSN.2021.IW1B.1">10.1364/IPRSN.2021.IW1B.1</a>.'
  mla: Kress, Christian, et al. “High Modulation Efficiency Segmented Mach-Zehnder
    Modulator Monolithically Integrated with Linear Driver in 0.25 \textmum BiCMOS
    Technology.” <i>OSA Advanced Photonics Congress 2021</i>, Optical Society of America,
    2021, p. IW1B.1, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/IPRSN.2021.IW1B.1">10.1364/IPRSN.2021.IW1B.1</a>.
  short: 'C. Kress, K. Singh, T. Schwabe, S. Preußler, T. Schneider, J.C. Scheytt,
    in: OSA Advanced Photonics Congress 2021, Optical Society of America, 2021, p.
    IW1B.1.'
date_created: 2022-01-10T11:51:46Z
date_updated: 2023-06-16T06:54:55Z
department:
- _id: '58'
- _id: '230'
doi: 10.1364/IPRSN.2021.IW1B.1
keyword:
- Analog to digital converters
- Extinction ratios
- Grating couplers
- Modulation
- Modulators
- Phase shift
language:
- iso: eng
page: IW1B.1
project:
- _id: '302'
  grant_number: '403154102'
  name: 'PONyDAC: PONyDAC II - Präziser Optischer Nyquist-Puls-Synthesizer DAC'
publication: OSA Advanced Photonics Congress 2021
publisher: Optical Society of America
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: confirmation
    url: https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?uri=IPRSN-2021-IW1B.1
status: public
title: High Modulation Efficiency Segmented Mach-Zehnder Modulator Monolithically
  Integrated with Linear Driver in 0.25 \textmum BiCMOS Technology
type: conference
user_id: '13256'
year: '2021'
...