--- _id: '59908' author: - first_name: Karina full_name: Gevers, Karina id: '83151' last_name: Gevers citation: ama: Gevers K. Zeitfestigkeit von infrarotgeschweißten gefüllten Polyamiden . Shaker Verlag; 2025. apa: Gevers, K. (2025). Zeitfestigkeit von infrarotgeschweißten gefüllten Polyamiden . Shaker Verlag. bibtex: '@book{Gevers_2025, place={Düren}, series={Schriftenreihe Kunststofftechnik Paderborn }, title={Zeitfestigkeit von infrarotgeschweißten gefüllten Polyamiden }, publisher={Shaker Verlag}, author={Gevers, Karina}, year={2025}, collection={Schriftenreihe Kunststofftechnik Paderborn } }' chicago: 'Gevers, Karina. Zeitfestigkeit von infrarotgeschweißten gefüllten Polyamiden . Schriftenreihe Kunststofftechnik Paderborn . Düren: Shaker Verlag, 2025.' ieee: 'K. Gevers, Zeitfestigkeit von infrarotgeschweißten gefüllten Polyamiden . Düren: Shaker Verlag, 2025.' mla: Gevers, Karina. Zeitfestigkeit von infrarotgeschweißten gefüllten Polyamiden . Shaker Verlag, 2025. short: K. Gevers, Zeitfestigkeit von infrarotgeschweißten gefüllten Polyamiden , Shaker Verlag, Düren, 2025. date_created: 2025-05-15T09:59:23Z date_updated: 2025-05-28T15:59:35Z department: - _id: '148' - _id: '9' - _id: '321' extern: '1' keyword: - Infrarotschweißen - Zeitfestigkeit - Polyamide language: - iso: ger page: '216' place: Düren publication_identifier: isbn: - '978-3-8440-9978-2 ' publication_status: published publisher: Shaker Verlag series_title: 'Schriftenreihe Kunststofftechnik Paderborn ' status: public title: 'Zeitfestigkeit von infrarotgeschweißten gefüllten Polyamiden ' type: dissertation user_id: '83151' year: '2025' ... --- _id: '51218' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Polymer composites represent the industry standard in injection molding for the production of plastic components with increased requirements in terms of heat resistance and stiffness. In the field of laser sintering (LS), these materials are less common so far. In order to extend the available material variety for the LS process, new ceramic-filled Polyamide 613 powders are investigated within the scope of this work. Here, the resulting properties from two different powder production methods are compared. One filled powder is produced by dry blending and the other powder with the same filler and filling ratio is produced by encapsulating the filler particles inside the polymer particles within the dissolution-precipitation process. It was found that encapsulating the filler particles can provide certain benefits for the processability, for example an improved powder flowability or better filler dispersion. However, encapsulating the filler also alters the thermal properties of the precipitated powder. ' author: - first_name: Ivo full_name: Kletetzka, Ivo id: '50769' last_name: Kletetzka - first_name: Fabian full_name: Neitzel, Fabian id: '72307' last_name: Neitzel orcid: '0009-0004-8412-3645 ' - first_name: Hans-Joachim full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim id: '464' last_name: Schmid orcid: 000-0001-8590-1921 citation: ama: 'Kletetzka I, Neitzel F, Schmid H-J. Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-filled Polyamide Composites made by Laser Sintering. In: Beaman J, ed. Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium. ; 2023. doi:https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931' apa: Kletetzka, I., Neitzel, F., & Schmid, H.-J. (2023). Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-filled Polyamide Composites made by Laser Sintering. In J. Beaman (Ed.), Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium. https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931 bibtex: '@inproceedings{Kletetzka_Neitzel_Schmid_2023, place={Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin}, title={Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-filled Polyamide Composites made by Laser Sintering}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium}, author={Kletetzka, Ivo and Neitzel, Fabian and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, editor={Beaman, Joseph}, year={2023} }' chicago: Kletetzka, Ivo, Fabian Neitzel, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-Filled Polyamide Composites Made by Laser Sintering.” In Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, edited by Joseph Beaman. Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin, 2023. https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931. ieee: 'I. Kletetzka, F. Neitzel, and H.-J. Schmid, “Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-filled Polyamide Composites made by Laser Sintering,” in Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931.' mla: Kletetzka, Ivo, et al. “Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-Filled Polyamide Composites Made by Laser Sintering.” Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, edited by Joseph Beaman, 2023, doi:https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931. short: 'I. Kletetzka, F. Neitzel, H.-J. Schmid, in: J. Beaman (Ed.), Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin, 2023.' conference: end_date: 2023-08-16 location: Austin name: 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium start_date: 2023-08-14 date_created: 2024-02-07T13:59:25Z date_updated: 2024-04-02T12:46:08Z department: - _id: '150' - _id: '219' - _id: '624' - _id: '9' doi: https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50931 editor: - first_name: Joseph full_name: Beaman, Joseph last_name: Beaman keyword: - Additive Manufacturing - Laser Sintering - Filled Materials - Composites - Polyamide 613 language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.sffsymposium.org/ oa: '1' place: Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin publication: Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium publication_status: published quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Assessing the Impact of the Powder Production Method on Ceramic-filled Polyamide Composites made by Laser Sintering type: conference user_id: '50769' year: '2023' ... --- _id: '46862' abstract: - lang: eng text: The high flammability of components manufactured by laser sintering (LS) using standard polyamide 12 (PA12) powder still severely restricts their use in industries such as electronics, aviation, and transportation. A key factor for the further establishment of LS is the expansion of the material portfolio with, for example, refreshable and halogen-free flame-retardant (FR) powder materials. Accordingly, various halogen-free FRs are investigated in this work and evaluated with respect to their use in LS. First, their decomposition behavior and mode of action are examined. Subsequently, the additives are dry blended with PA12 to investigate properties relevant for LS, such as particle morphology, thermal behavior and melt viscosity. Afterwards, test specimens for UL94 vertical flame-retardancy tests are produced by processing the dry blends on an EOS P3 LS system. Finally, the process stability of the process-aged powder blends is investigated by again examining the thermal behavior and melt viscosity. author: - first_name: Fabian full_name: Neitzel, Fabian id: '72307' last_name: Neitzel orcid: '0009-0004-8412-3645 ' - first_name: Ivo full_name: Kletetzka, Ivo id: '50769' last_name: Kletetzka - first_name: Hans-Joachim full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim id: '464' last_name: Schmid orcid: 000-0001-8590-1921 citation: ama: 'Neitzel F, Kletetzka I, Schmid H-J. Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Powder Materials for Laser Sintering: Evaluation and Process Stability Analysis. In: Beaman J, ed. Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium. ; 2023. doi:https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926' apa: 'Neitzel, F., Kletetzka, I., & Schmid, H.-J. (2023). Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Powder Materials for Laser Sintering: Evaluation and Process Stability Analysis. In J. Beaman (Ed.), Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium. https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926' bibtex: '@inproceedings{Neitzel_Kletetzka_Schmid_2023, place={Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin}, title={Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Powder Materials for Laser Sintering: Evaluation and Process Stability Analysis}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium}, author={Neitzel, Fabian and Kletetzka, Ivo and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, editor={Beaman, Joseph}, year={2023} }' chicago: 'Neitzel, Fabian, Ivo Kletetzka, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Powder Materials for Laser Sintering: Evaluation and Process Stability Analysis.” In Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, edited by Joseph Beaman. Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin, 2023. https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926.' ieee: 'F. Neitzel, I. Kletetzka, and H.-J. Schmid, “Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Powder Materials for Laser Sintering: Evaluation and Process Stability Analysis,” in Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926.' mla: 'Neitzel, Fabian, et al. “Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Powder Materials for Laser Sintering: Evaluation and Process Stability Analysis.” Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, edited by Joseph Beaman, 2023, doi:https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926.' short: 'F. Neitzel, I. Kletetzka, H.-J. Schmid, in: J. Beaman (Ed.), Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin, 2023.' conference: end_date: 2023-08-16 location: Austin name: 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium start_date: 2023-08-14 date_created: 2023-09-07T12:11:51Z date_updated: 2024-04-02T12:43:51Z department: - _id: '150' - _id: '219' - _id: '624' - _id: '9' doi: https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/50926 editor: - first_name: Joseph full_name: Beaman, Joseph last_name: Beaman keyword: - Additive Manufacturing - Laser Sintering - Flame Retardant - Polyamide 12 language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.sffsymposium.org/ oa: '1' place: Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication and University of Texas, Austin publication: Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium publication_status: published quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Powder Materials for Laser Sintering: Evaluation and Process Stability Analysis' type: conference user_id: '72307' year: '2023' ... --- _id: '43046' abstract: - lang: eng text: In the laser sintering technology, the semi-crystalline polymer material is exposed to elevated temperatures during processing, which leads to serious material ageing for most materials. This has already been investigated intensively by various authors. However, the ageing of the material at ambient temperatures during shelf life has not been the focus so far. The need to analyse the shelf life can be derived from an ecological and economic point of view. This work is focusing on the shelf life of PA2200 (PA12). To reduce the potential influences of powder production fluctuations, two different powder batches stored for 5.5 years and 6.5 years are investigated and compared to a reference powder produced 0.5 years before these investigations. Multiple powder analyses and part characterisations have been performed. A significant yellowing and molecular chain length reduction can be derived from the measurement results. Whereas the influence on mechanical part performance was minor, the parts built with the stored powders are more yellowish. As it is most likely that this is due to the consumption of polyamide stabilisers, it can be assumed that these parts will be subject to significantly faster ageing. Therefore, it is still not recommended to use the stored powders for critical parts or light intense and humid environments. author: - first_name: Sven Helge full_name: Klippstein, Sven Helge id: '71545' last_name: Klippstein - first_name: Ivo full_name: Kletetzka, Ivo id: '50769' last_name: Kletetzka - first_name: Ilknur full_name: Sural, Ilknur last_name: Sural - first_name: Hans-Joachim full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim id: '464' last_name: Schmid orcid: 000-0001-8590-1921 citation: ama: Klippstein SH, Kletetzka I, Sural I, Schmid H-J. Influence of a prolonged shelf time on PA12 laser sintering powder and resulting part properties. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology . Published online 2023. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1 apa: Klippstein, S. H., Kletetzka, I., Sural, I., & Schmid, H.-J. (2023). Influence of a prolonged shelf time on PA12 laser sintering powder and resulting part properties. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1 bibtex: '@article{Klippstein_Kletetzka_Sural_Schmid_2023, title={Influence of a prolonged shelf time on PA12 laser sintering powder and resulting part properties}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1}, journal={The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology }, publisher={Springer}, author={Klippstein, Sven Helge and Kletetzka, Ivo and Sural, Ilknur and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2023} }' chicago: Klippstein, Sven Helge, Ivo Kletetzka, Ilknur Sural, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Influence of a Prolonged Shelf Time on PA12 Laser Sintering Powder and Resulting Part Properties.” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology , 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1. ieee: 'S. H. Klippstein, I. Kletetzka, I. Sural, and H.-J. Schmid, “Influence of a prolonged shelf time on PA12 laser sintering powder and resulting part properties,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology , 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1.' mla: Klippstein, Sven Helge, et al. “Influence of a Prolonged Shelf Time on PA12 Laser Sintering Powder and Resulting Part Properties.” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology , Springer, 2023, doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1. short: S.H. Klippstein, I. Kletetzka, I. Sural, H.-J. Schmid, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (2023). date_created: 2023-03-18T14:28:46Z date_updated: 2023-09-07T11:57:59Z department: - _id: '150' - _id: '624' - _id: '219' - _id: '9' doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1 keyword: - Selective laser sintering - Shelf life - Polyamide 12 - powder - PA2200 - material ageing language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00170-023-11243-1 oa: '1' publication: 'The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology ' publication_status: published publisher: Springer quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Influence of a prolonged shelf time on PA12 laser sintering powder and resulting part properties type: journal_article user_id: '50769' year: '2023' ...