[{"year":"2022","issue":"12","title":"Quinuclidine-Immobilized Porous Polymeric Microparticles as a Compelling Catalyst for the Baylis–Hillman Reaction","date_created":"2023-01-10T08:07:12Z","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","abstract":[{"text":"Poly(quinuclidin-3-yl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene) microparticles having porous as well as nonporous morphology and varying contents of quinuclidine functionality were synthesized by distillation–precipitation polymerization. Further, the synthesized microparticles were explored to catalyze the Baylis–Hillman reaction between 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and acrylonitrile. Porous and nonporous microparticles functionalized with a catalytic moiety with a loading of 70% (labeled as P70 and NP70) were employed to optimize reaction parameters such as water content, solvent, and temperature for the Baylis–Hillman reaction between 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and acrylonitrile. Using optimal conditions, the catalytic efficiency of porous and nonporous microparticles at different feed compositions was determined. Porous microparticles containing 70% of quinuclidine (P70) displayed 100% conversion within 16 h at 50 °C, while nonporous microparticles containing 70% of quinuclidine (NP70) displayed a relatively less catalytic conversion, which is attributed to their lower surface area. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of porous microparticles containing 70% of quinuclidine (P70) for the Baylis–Hillman reaction involving a variety of aryl aldehyde derivatives was determined, where the microparticles displayed impressive catalytic efficiency. In addition, the reusability of the microparticles functionalized with a catalytic moiety was evaluated for five cycles of catalytic reaction.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["distillation−precipitation polymerization","porous microparticles","heterogeneous catalysis Baylis−Hillman reaction","reusable catalyst"],"citation":{"apa":"Kumar, A., Kuckling, D., &#38; Nebhani, L. (2022). Quinuclidine-Immobilized Porous Polymeric Microparticles as a Compelling Catalyst for the Baylis–Hillman Reaction. <i>ACS Applied Polymer Materials</i>, <i>4</i>(12), 8996–9005. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.2c01330\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.2c01330</a>","short":"A. Kumar, D. Kuckling, L. Nebhani, ACS Applied Polymer Materials 4 (2022) 8996–9005.","mla":"Kumar, Amit, et al. “Quinuclidine-Immobilized Porous Polymeric Microparticles as a Compelling Catalyst for the Baylis–Hillman Reaction.” <i>ACS Applied Polymer Materials</i>, vol. 4, no. 12, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2022, pp. 8996–9005, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.2c01330\">10.1021/acsapm.2c01330</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Kumar_Kuckling_Nebhani_2022, title={Quinuclidine-Immobilized Porous Polymeric Microparticles as a Compelling Catalyst for the Baylis–Hillman Reaction}, volume={4}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.2c01330\">10.1021/acsapm.2c01330</a>}, number={12}, journal={ACS Applied Polymer Materials}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Kumar, Amit and Kuckling, Dirk and Nebhani, Leena}, year={2022}, pages={8996–9005} }","ama":"Kumar A, Kuckling D, Nebhani L. Quinuclidine-Immobilized Porous Polymeric Microparticles as a Compelling Catalyst for the Baylis–Hillman Reaction. <i>ACS Applied Polymer Materials</i>. 2022;4(12):8996-9005. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.2c01330\">10.1021/acsapm.2c01330</a>","ieee":"A. Kumar, D. Kuckling, and L. Nebhani, “Quinuclidine-Immobilized Porous Polymeric Microparticles as a Compelling Catalyst for the Baylis–Hillman Reaction,” <i>ACS Applied Polymer Materials</i>, vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 8996–9005, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.2c01330\">10.1021/acsapm.2c01330</a>.","chicago":"Kumar, Amit, Dirk Kuckling, and Leena Nebhani. “Quinuclidine-Immobilized Porous Polymeric Microparticles as a Compelling Catalyst for the Baylis–Hillman Reaction.” <i>ACS Applied Polymer Materials</i> 4, no. 12 (2022): 8996–9005. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.2c01330\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.2c01330</a>."},"page":"8996-9005","intvolume":"         4","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2637-6105","2637-6105"]},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsapm.2c01330"}],"doi":"10.1021/acsapm.2c01330","author":[{"full_name":"Kumar, Amit","last_name":"Kumar","first_name":"Amit"},{"first_name":"Dirk","full_name":"Kuckling, Dirk","id":"287","last_name":"Kuckling"},{"last_name":"Nebhani","full_name":"Nebhani, Leena","first_name":"Leena"}],"volume":4,"date_updated":"2023-01-10T08:12:15Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","article_type":"original","user_id":"94","department":[{"_id":"163"}],"_id":"35645"},{"type":"journal_article","publication":"Polymer","abstract":[{"text":"A lithium halide exchange reaction at low-temperature, via the treatment of 2,6-di(isopropyl)phenyllithium on 1,1′-bis-(dichlorophosphino)ferrocene, resulted in the first isolated example of an aryl-substituted diphospha [2]ferrocenophane (diphospha [2]FCP) 2. Although compound 2 did not show any recognizable thermal reaction at higher temperature (up to 350 °C), its tert-butyl-substituted counterpart 1 underwent a clean selective heat-mediated P–C cleavage reaction, followed by an inter-molecular rearrangement, to produce a P–P fused bis [3]ferrocenophane 3 with all-trans oriented P-chain, which upon further heating gave a polyferrocenylphosphane tBu-[Fc’P2]n-tBu (4). Since polymer 4 is insoluble in common organic solvents, it has been characterized with solid-state techniques, including solid-state NMR. Density functional theory (DFT) has further been employed to identify possible pathways for P–C bond cleavage on 1 and 2, as well as to evaluate accessible pathways for further polymerization toward 4.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","_id":"63943","user_id":"100715","keyword":["solid-state nmr","Ansa-ferrocene","DFT calculations","Oligophosphine","Polyphosphane","Ring-opening polymerization"],"extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2022","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Dey_Kargin_Höfler_Szathmari_Bruhn_Gutmann_Kelemen_Pietschnig_2022, title={Oligo- and polymerization of phospha [2]ferrocenophanes to one dimensional phosphorus chains with ferrocenylene handles}, volume={242}, journal={Polymer}, author={Dey, Subhayan and Kargin, Denis and Höfler, Mark V. and Szathmari, Balazs and Bruhn, Clemens and Gutmann, Torsten and Kelemen, Zsolt and Pietschnig, Rudolf}, year={2022}, pages={124589} }","mla":"Dey, Subhayan, et al. “Oligo- and Polymerization of Phospha [2]Ferrocenophanes to One Dimensional Phosphorus Chains with Ferrocenylene Handles.” <i>Polymer</i>, vol. 242, 2022, p. 124589.","short":"S. Dey, D. Kargin, M.V. Höfler, B. Szathmari, C. Bruhn, T. Gutmann, Z. Kelemen, R. Pietschnig, Polymer 242 (2022) 124589.","apa":"Dey, S., Kargin, D., Höfler, M. V., Szathmari, B., Bruhn, C., Gutmann, T., Kelemen, Z., &#38; Pietschnig, R. (2022). Oligo- and polymerization of phospha [2]ferrocenophanes to one dimensional phosphorus chains with ferrocenylene handles. <i>Polymer</i>, <i>242</i>, 124589.","chicago":"Dey, Subhayan, Denis Kargin, Mark V. Höfler, Balazs Szathmari, Clemens Bruhn, Torsten Gutmann, Zsolt Kelemen, and Rudolf Pietschnig. “Oligo- and Polymerization of Phospha [2]Ferrocenophanes to One Dimensional Phosphorus Chains with Ferrocenylene Handles.” <i>Polymer</i> 242 (2022): 124589.","ieee":"S. Dey <i>et al.</i>, “Oligo- and polymerization of phospha [2]ferrocenophanes to one dimensional phosphorus chains with ferrocenylene handles,” <i>Polymer</i>, vol. 242, p. 124589, 2022.","ama":"Dey S, Kargin D, Höfler MV, et al. Oligo- and polymerization of phospha [2]ferrocenophanes to one dimensional phosphorus chains with ferrocenylene handles. <i>Polymer</i>. 2022;242:124589."},"intvolume":"       242","page":"124589","date_updated":"2026-02-17T16:18:36Z","author":[{"full_name":"Dey, Subhayan","last_name":"Dey","first_name":"Subhayan"},{"last_name":"Kargin","full_name":"Kargin, Denis","first_name":"Denis"},{"full_name":"Höfler, Mark V.","last_name":"Höfler","first_name":"Mark V."},{"full_name":"Szathmari, Balazs","last_name":"Szathmari","first_name":"Balazs"},{"first_name":"Clemens","last_name":"Bruhn","full_name":"Bruhn, Clemens"},{"first_name":"Torsten","last_name":"Gutmann","full_name":"Gutmann, Torsten","id":"118165"},{"first_name":"Zsolt","full_name":"Kelemen, Zsolt","last_name":"Kelemen"},{"last_name":"Pietschnig","full_name":"Pietschnig, Rudolf","first_name":"Rudolf"}],"date_created":"2026-02-07T09:10:38Z","volume":242,"title":"Oligo- and polymerization of phospha [2]ferrocenophanes to one dimensional phosphorus chains with ferrocenylene handles"},{"type":"journal_article","publication":"ChemSusChem","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Abstract Polylactide is a biodegradable versatile material based on annually renewable resources and thus CO2-neutral in its lifecycle. Until now, tin(II)octanoate [Sn(Oct2)] was used as catalyst for the industrial ring-opening polymerization of lactide in spite of its cytotoxicity. On the way towards a sustainable catalyst, three iron(II) hybrid guanidine complexes were investigated concerning their molecular structure and applied to the ring-opening polymerization of lactide. The complexes could polymerize unpurified technical-grade rac-lactide as well as recrystallized l-lactide to long-chain polylactide in bulk with monomer/initiator ratios of more than 5000:1 in a controlled manner following the coordination–insertion mechanism. For the first time, a biocompatible complex has surpassed Sn(Oct)2 in its polymerization activity under industrially relevant conditions."}],"status":"public","project":[{"_id":"52","name":"Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing"}],"_id":"13185","user_id":"40778","keyword":["bioplastics","guanidines","iron","lactide","ring-opening polymerization"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"10","year":"2019","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Rittinghaus_Schäfer_Albrecht_Conrads_Hoffmann_Ksiazkiewicz_Bienemann_Pich_Herres-Pawlis_2019, title={New Kids in Lactide Polymerization: Highly Active and Robust Iron Guanidine Complexes as Superior Catalysts}, volume={12}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201900481\">10.1002/cssc.201900481</a>}, number={10}, journal={ChemSusChem}, author={Rittinghaus, Ruth D. and Schäfer, Pascal M. and Albrecht, Pascal and Conrads, Christian and Hoffmann, Alexander and Ksiazkiewicz, Agnieszka N. and Bienemann, Olga and Pich, Andrij and Herres-Pawlis, Sonja}, year={2019}, pages={2161–2165} }","mla":"Rittinghaus, Ruth D., et al. “New Kids in Lactide Polymerization: Highly Active and Robust Iron Guanidine Complexes as Superior Catalysts.” <i>ChemSusChem</i>, vol. 12, no. 10, 2019, pp. 2161–65, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201900481\">10.1002/cssc.201900481</a>.","short":"R.D. Rittinghaus, P.M. Schäfer, P. Albrecht, C. Conrads, A. Hoffmann, A.N. Ksiazkiewicz, O. Bienemann, A. Pich, S. Herres-Pawlis, ChemSusChem 12 (2019) 2161–2165.","apa":"Rittinghaus, R. D., Schäfer, P. M., Albrecht, P., Conrads, C., Hoffmann, A., Ksiazkiewicz, A. N., … Herres-Pawlis, S. (2019). New Kids in Lactide Polymerization: Highly Active and Robust Iron Guanidine Complexes as Superior Catalysts. <i>ChemSusChem</i>, <i>12</i>(10), 2161–2165. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201900481\">https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201900481</a>","ama":"Rittinghaus RD, Schäfer PM, Albrecht P, et al. New Kids in Lactide Polymerization: Highly Active and Robust Iron Guanidine Complexes as Superior Catalysts. <i>ChemSusChem</i>. 2019;12(10):2161-2165. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201900481\">10.1002/cssc.201900481</a>","ieee":"R. D. Rittinghaus <i>et al.</i>, “New Kids in Lactide Polymerization: Highly Active and Robust Iron Guanidine Complexes as Superior Catalysts,” <i>ChemSusChem</i>, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 2161–2165, 2019.","chicago":"Rittinghaus, Ruth D., Pascal M. Schäfer, Pascal Albrecht, Christian Conrads, Alexander Hoffmann, Agnieszka N. Ksiazkiewicz, Olga Bienemann, Andrij Pich, and Sonja Herres-Pawlis. “New Kids in Lactide Polymerization: Highly Active and Robust Iron Guanidine Complexes as Superior Catalysts.” <i>ChemSusChem</i> 12, no. 10 (2019): 2161–65. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201900481\">https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201900481</a>."},"intvolume":"        12","page":"2161-2165","date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:51:30Z","author":[{"first_name":"Ruth D.","full_name":"Rittinghaus, Ruth D.","last_name":"Rittinghaus"},{"full_name":"Schäfer, Pascal M.","last_name":"Schäfer","first_name":"Pascal M."},{"full_name":"Albrecht, Pascal","last_name":"Albrecht","first_name":"Pascal"},{"full_name":"Conrads, Christian","last_name":"Conrads","first_name":"Christian"},{"full_name":"Hoffmann, Alexander","last_name":"Hoffmann","first_name":"Alexander"},{"first_name":"Agnieszka N.","full_name":"Ksiazkiewicz, Agnieszka N.","last_name":"Ksiazkiewicz"},{"last_name":"Bienemann","full_name":"Bienemann, Olga","first_name":"Olga"},{"first_name":"Andrij","full_name":"Pich, Andrij","last_name":"Pich"},{"first_name":"Sonja","last_name":"Herres-Pawlis","full_name":"Herres-Pawlis, Sonja"}],"date_created":"2019-09-11T10:58:09Z","volume":12,"title":"New Kids in Lactide Polymerization: Highly Active and Robust Iron Guanidine Complexes as Superior Catalysts","doi":"10.1002/cssc.201900481"},{"status":"public","publication":"Polymers","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["controlled radical polymerization","atom transfer radical polymerization","end group determination","N-isopropylacrylamide","block copolymerization","smart polymers","temperature sensitive polymers","lower critical solution temperature","ESI-TOF mass spectrometry","ion mobility separation","size exclusion chromatography"],"article_number":"678","department":[{"_id":"311"}],"user_id":"94","_id":"30932","intvolume":"        11","citation":{"ama":"Herberg A, Yu X, Kuckling D. End Group Stability of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)-Synthesized Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): Perspectives for Diblock Copolymer Synthesis. <i>Polymers</i>. 2019;11(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11040678\">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11040678</a>","ieee":"A. Herberg, X. Yu, and D. Kuckling, “End Group Stability of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)-Synthesized Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): Perspectives for Diblock Copolymer Synthesis,” <i>Polymers</i>, vol. 11, no. 4, Art. no. 678, 2019, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11040678\">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11040678</a>.","chicago":"Herberg, Artjom, Xiaoqian Yu, and Dirk Kuckling. “End Group Stability of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)-Synthesized Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide): Perspectives for Diblock Copolymer Synthesis.” <i>Polymers</i> 11, no. 4 (2019). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11040678\">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11040678</a>.","apa":"Herberg, A., Yu, X., &#38; Kuckling, D. (2019). End Group Stability of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)-Synthesized Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): Perspectives for Diblock Copolymer Synthesis. <i>Polymers</i>, <i>11</i>(4), Article 678. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11040678\">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11040678</a>","mla":"Herberg, Artjom, et al. “End Group Stability of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)-Synthesized Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide): Perspectives for Diblock Copolymer Synthesis.” <i>Polymers</i>, vol. 11, no. 4, 678, MDPI, 2019, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11040678\">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11040678</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Herberg_Yu_Kuckling_2019, title={End Group Stability of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)-Synthesized Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): Perspectives for Diblock Copolymer Synthesis}, volume={11}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11040678\">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11040678</a>}, number={4678}, journal={Polymers}, publisher={MDPI}, author={Herberg, Artjom and Yu, Xiaoqian and Kuckling, Dirk}, year={2019} }","short":"A. Herberg, X. Yu, D. Kuckling, Polymers 11 (2019)."},"year":"2019","issue":"4","publication_status":"published","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11040678","title":"End Group Stability of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)-Synthesized Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): Perspectives for Diblock Copolymer Synthesis","volume":11,"date_created":"2022-04-21T09:08:41Z","author":[{"last_name":"Herberg","full_name":"Herberg, Artjom","id":"94","first_name":"Artjom"},{"first_name":"Xiaoqian","full_name":"Yu, Xiaoqian","last_name":"Yu"},{"first_name":"Dirk","id":"287","full_name":"Kuckling, Dirk","last_name":"Kuckling"}],"date_updated":"2022-04-21T09:09:00Z","publisher":"MDPI"},{"year":"2018","citation":{"short":"T. Rösener, A. Hoffmann, S. Herres-Pawlis, European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2018 (2018) 3164–3175.","mla":"Rösener, Thomas, et al. “Next Generation of Guanidine Quinoline Copper Complexes for Highly Controlled ATRP: Influence of Backbone Substitution on Redox Chemistry and Solubility.” <i>European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry</i>, vol. 2018, no. 27, 2018, pp. 3164–75, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201800511\">10.1002/ejic.201800511</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Rösener_Hoffmann_Herres-Pawlis_2018, title={Next Generation of Guanidine Quinoline Copper Complexes for Highly Controlled ATRP: Influence of Backbone Substitution on Redox Chemistry and Solubility}, volume={2018}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201800511\">10.1002/ejic.201800511</a>}, number={27}, journal={European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry}, author={Rösener, Thomas and Hoffmann, Alexander and Herres-Pawlis, Sonja}, year={2018}, pages={3164–3175} }","apa":"Rösener, T., Hoffmann, A., &#38; Herres-Pawlis, S. (2018). Next Generation of Guanidine Quinoline Copper Complexes for Highly Controlled ATRP: Influence of Backbone Substitution on Redox Chemistry and Solubility. <i>European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry</i>, <i>2018</i>(27), 3164–3175. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201800511\">https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201800511</a>","chicago":"Rösener, Thomas, Alexander Hoffmann, and Sonja Herres-Pawlis. “Next Generation of Guanidine Quinoline Copper Complexes for Highly Controlled ATRP: Influence of Backbone Substitution on Redox Chemistry and Solubility.” <i>European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry</i> 2018, no. 27 (2018): 3164–75. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201800511\">https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201800511</a>.","ieee":"T. Rösener, A. Hoffmann, and S. Herres-Pawlis, “Next Generation of Guanidine Quinoline Copper Complexes for Highly Controlled ATRP: Influence of Backbone Substitution on Redox Chemistry and Solubility,” <i>European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry</i>, vol. 2018, no. 27, pp. 3164–3175, 2018.","ama":"Rösener T, Hoffmann A, Herres-Pawlis S. Next Generation of Guanidine Quinoline Copper Complexes for Highly Controlled ATRP: Influence of Backbone Substitution on Redox Chemistry and Solubility. <i>European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry</i>. 2018;2018(27):3164-3175. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201800511\">10.1002/ejic.201800511</a>"},"page":"3164-3175","intvolume":"      2018","issue":"27","title":"Next Generation of Guanidine Quinoline Copper Complexes for Highly Controlled ATRP: Influence of Backbone Substitution on Redox Chemistry and Solubility","doi":"10.1002/ejic.201800511","date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:51:30Z","date_created":"2019-09-11T11:00:06Z","author":[{"first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Rösener, Thomas","last_name":"Rösener"},{"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Hoffmann","full_name":"Hoffmann, Alexander"},{"first_name":"Sonja","full_name":"Herres-Pawlis, Sonja","last_name":"Herres-Pawlis"}],"volume":2018,"abstract":[{"text":"Ligands DMEG6etqu, TMG6etqu, DMEG6buqu, and TMG6buqu were developed on the basis of guanidine quinoline (GUAqu) ligands 1,3-dimethyl-N-(quinolin-8-yl)imidazolidin-2-imine (DMEGqu) and 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-2-(quinolin-8-yl)guanidine (TMGqu). These ligands feature an alkyl substituent at the C6 of the quinoline backbone. The synthetic strategy developed here enables inexpensive syntheses of any kind of C6-substituted GUAqu ligands. On one hand, the alkylation increases the solubility of corresponding copper complexes in apolar atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) monomers like styrene. On the other hand, it has a significant electronic influence and thus an effect on the donor properties of the new ligands. Seven CuI and CuII complexes of DMEG6etqu and TMG6etqu have been crystallized and were studied with regard to their structural and electrochemical properties. CuI and CuII complexes of DMEG6buqu and TMG6buqu turned out to be perfectly soluble in pure styrene even at room temperature, which makes them excellent catalysts in the ATRP of apolar monomers. The key characteristics of the ATRP equilibrium, KATRP and kact, were determined for the new complexes. In addition, we used our recently developed DFT methodology, NBO analysis, and isodesmic reactions to predict the influence of the introduced alkyl substituents. It turned out that high conformational freedom in the complex structures leads to a significant uncertainty in prediction of the thermodynamic properties.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry","keyword":["Copper","Polymerization","Redox chemistry","Structure elucidation","Ligand effects"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"project":[{"_id":"52","name":"Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing"}],"_id":"13186","user_id":"40778"},{"publication":"Materials & Design","type":"journal_article","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"In this work, the preparation of porous hybrid particle-based films by core-shell particle design and convenient film preparation is reported. Monodisperse core particles consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate‑co‑allyl methacrylate) (P(MMA‑co‑ALMA)) were synthesized by starved-feed emulsion polymerization followed by the introduction of an initiator-containing monomer (inimer) for subsequent atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The inimer shell allowed for the introduction of allylhydrido polycarbosilane (SMP-10) under ATRP conditions by grafting to the core particles. The functionalization of the prepared core-shell particles was investigated by IR spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and solid-state NMR combined with dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). The obtained hard core/soft preceramic shell particles were subjected to the melt-shear organization technique, enabling a convenient alignment into a colloidal crystal structure in one single step without the presence of a dispersion medium or solvent for the designed particles. Moreover, the hybrid particle-based films were converted into a porous ceramic structure upon thermal treatment. As a result, freestanding ceramic porous films have been obtained after degradation of the organic template core particles. Noteworthy, the conversion of the matrix material consisting of SMP-10 into the ceramic occurred with preservation of the pristine colloidal crystal template structure. Herein, the first example of core-shell particle preparation by combining different polymerization methodologies and application of the convenient melt-shear organization technique is shown, paving a new way to ceramic materials with tailored morphology and porosity.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"100715","_id":"64054","extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["emulsion polymerization","self-assembly","ATRP","Colloidal crystal","Hybrid film","Particle processing"],"page":"926–935","intvolume":"       160","citation":{"short":"S. Vowinkel, A. Boehm, T. Schäfer, T. Gutmann, E. Ionescu, M. Gallei, Materials &#38; Design 160 (2018) 926–935.","mla":"Vowinkel, Steffen, et al. “Preceramic Core-Shell Particles for the Preparation of Hybrid Colloidal Crystal Films by Melt-Shear Organization and Conversion into Porous Ceramics.” <i>Materials &#38; Design</i>, vol. 160, 2018, pp. 926–935, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.032\">10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.032</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Vowinkel_Boehm_Schäfer_Gutmann_Ionescu_Gallei_2018, title={Preceramic core-shell particles for the preparation of hybrid colloidal crystal films by melt-shear organization and conversion into porous ceramics}, volume={160}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.032\">10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.032</a>}, journal={Materials &#38; Design}, author={Vowinkel, Steffen and Boehm, Anna and Schäfer, Timmy and Gutmann, Torsten and Ionescu, Emanuel and Gallei, Markus}, year={2018}, pages={926–935} }","apa":"Vowinkel, S., Boehm, A., Schäfer, T., Gutmann, T., Ionescu, E., &#38; Gallei, M. (2018). Preceramic core-shell particles for the preparation of hybrid colloidal crystal films by melt-shear organization and conversion into porous ceramics. <i>Materials &#38; Design</i>, <i>160</i>, 926–935. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.032\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.032</a>","ama":"Vowinkel S, Boehm A, Schäfer T, Gutmann T, Ionescu E, Gallei M. Preceramic core-shell particles for the preparation of hybrid colloidal crystal films by melt-shear organization and conversion into porous ceramics. <i>Materials &#38; Design</i>. 2018;160:926–935. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.032\">10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.032</a>","chicago":"Vowinkel, Steffen, Anna Boehm, Timmy Schäfer, Torsten Gutmann, Emanuel Ionescu, and Markus Gallei. “Preceramic Core-Shell Particles for the Preparation of Hybrid Colloidal Crystal Films by Melt-Shear Organization and Conversion into Porous Ceramics.” <i>Materials &#38; Design</i> 160 (2018): 926–935. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.032\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.032</a>.","ieee":"S. Vowinkel, A. Boehm, T. Schäfer, T. Gutmann, E. Ionescu, and M. Gallei, “Preceramic core-shell particles for the preparation of hybrid colloidal crystal films by melt-shear organization and conversion into porous ceramics,” <i>Materials &#38; Design</i>, vol. 160, pp. 926–935, 2018, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.032\">10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.032</a>."},"year":"2018","volume":160,"author":[{"full_name":"Vowinkel, Steffen","last_name":"Vowinkel","first_name":"Steffen"},{"first_name":"Anna","full_name":"Boehm, Anna","last_name":"Boehm"},{"last_name":"Schäfer","full_name":"Schäfer, Timmy","first_name":"Timmy"},{"full_name":"Gutmann, Torsten","id":"118165","last_name":"Gutmann","first_name":"Torsten"},{"first_name":"Emanuel","last_name":"Ionescu","full_name":"Ionescu, Emanuel"},{"last_name":"Gallei","full_name":"Gallei, Markus","first_name":"Markus"}],"date_created":"2026-02-07T16:15:42Z","date_updated":"2026-02-17T16:12:52Z","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.032","title":"Preceramic core-shell particles for the preparation of hybrid colloidal crystal films by melt-shear organization and conversion into porous ceramics"},{"abstract":[{"text":"The utilization and preparation of functional hybrid films for optical sensing applications and membranes is of utmost importance. In this work, we report the convenient and scalable preparation of self-crosslinking particle-based films derived by directed self-assembly of alkoxysilane-based cross-linkers as part of a core-shell particle architecture. The synthesis of well-designed monodisperse core-shell particles by emulsion polymerization is the basic prerequisite for subsequent particle processing via the melt-shear organization technique. In more detail, the core particles consist of polystyrene (PS) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), while the comparably soft particle shell consists of poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) and different alkoxysilane-based poly(methacrylate)s. For hybrid film formation and convenient self-cross-linking, different alkyl groups at the siloxane moieties were investigated in detail by solid-state Magic-Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS, NMR) spectroscopy revealing different crosslinking capabilities, which strongly influence the properties of the core or shell particle films with respect to transparency and iridescent reflection colors. Furthermore, solid-state NMR spectroscopy and investigation of the thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements allow for insights into the cross-linking capabilities prior to and after synthesis, as well as after the thermally and pressure-induced processing steps. Subsequently, free-standing and self-crosslinked particle-based films featuring excellent particle order are obtained by application of the melt-shear organization technique, as shown by microscopy (TEM, SEM).","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"Nanomaterials","type":"journal_article","keyword":["Materials Science","Science & Technology - Other Topics","solid-state nmr","spectroscopy","catalysts","colloidal crystals","colloids","cross-linking","elastomeric opal films","emulsion polymerization","gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane","hybrid films","melt-shear organization","nanoparticles","particle","photons","polymers","processing","self-assembly","transition"],"extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"64053","user_id":"100715","year":"2017","page":"390","intvolume":"         7","citation":{"ama":"Vowinkel S, Paul S, Gutmann T, Gallei M. Free-Standing and Self-Crosslinkable Hybrid Films by Core-Shell Particle Design and Processing. <i>Nanomaterials</i>. 2017;7(11):390. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7110390\">10.3390/nano7110390</a>","ieee":"S. Vowinkel, S. Paul, T. Gutmann, and M. Gallei, “Free-Standing and Self-Crosslinkable Hybrid Films by Core-Shell Particle Design and Processing,” <i>Nanomaterials</i>, vol. 7, no. 11, p. 390, 2017, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7110390\">10.3390/nano7110390</a>.","chicago":"Vowinkel, S., S. Paul, Torsten Gutmann, and M. Gallei. “Free-Standing and Self-Crosslinkable Hybrid Films by Core-Shell Particle Design and Processing.” <i>Nanomaterials</i> 7, no. 11 (2017): 390. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7110390\">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7110390</a>.","apa":"Vowinkel, S., Paul, S., Gutmann, T., &#38; Gallei, M. (2017). Free-Standing and Self-Crosslinkable Hybrid Films by Core-Shell Particle Design and Processing. <i>Nanomaterials</i>, <i>7</i>(11), 390. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7110390\">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7110390</a>","short":"S. Vowinkel, S. Paul, T. Gutmann, M. Gallei, Nanomaterials 7 (2017) 390.","bibtex":"@article{Vowinkel_Paul_Gutmann_Gallei_2017, title={Free-Standing and Self-Crosslinkable Hybrid Films by Core-Shell Particle Design and Processing}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7110390\">10.3390/nano7110390</a>}, number={11}, journal={Nanomaterials}, author={Vowinkel, S. and Paul, S. and Gutmann, Torsten and Gallei, M.}, year={2017}, pages={390} }","mla":"Vowinkel, S., et al. “Free-Standing and Self-Crosslinkable Hybrid Films by Core-Shell Particle Design and Processing.” <i>Nanomaterials</i>, vol. 7, no. 11, 2017, p. 390, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7110390\">10.3390/nano7110390</a>."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2079-4991"]},"issue":"11","title":"Free-Standing and Self-Crosslinkable Hybrid Films by Core-Shell Particle Design and Processing","doi":"10.3390/nano7110390","date_updated":"2026-02-17T16:12:54Z","volume":7,"date_created":"2026-02-07T16:15:23Z","author":[{"full_name":"Vowinkel, S.","last_name":"Vowinkel","first_name":"S."},{"full_name":"Paul, S.","last_name":"Paul","first_name":"S."},{"first_name":"Torsten","last_name":"Gutmann","id":"118165","full_name":"Gutmann, Torsten"},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Gallei, M.","last_name":"Gallei"}]},{"keyword":["Materials Science","silica","Physics","nmr","colloidal photonic crystals","light","polymerization","solids","structural color","thermo"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"extern":"1","_id":"64039","user_id":"100715","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The preparation of hierarchical and sophisticated particle architectures for mimicking structural colors known from nature still remains a challenge. In this study, the preparation of novel opal and double-inverse opal films based on thermally treated metallopolymer core particles with a silica shell is described. Thermal treatment leads to the formation of magnetic nanorattle-type particles. The main challenge of artificial particles is to ensure sufficient dispersibility after several synthetic steps. Especially silica particles providing surface hydroxyl groups tend to sinter at high temperatures leading to agglomeration. We present the introduction of trimethyl ethoxy silane (TMES) as an excellent functionalization reagent as the key reaction step. The necessity and success of functionalization are investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential measurements. Importantly, solid state NMR techniques are employed to gain deeper insights into the chemical structure of the surface-attached reagent. Finally, by this convenient functionalization the preparation of elastomeric opal films and double-inverse opal films is proven successful revealing excellent optical film properties. Moreover, magnetic properties of these novel films are investigated by using magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The herein established route is expected to pave the way for the preparation of a variety of advanced and stimuli-responsive optical materials."}],"status":"public","publication":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","type":"journal_article","title":"The pivotal step of nanoparticle functionalization for the preparation of functional and magnetic hybrid opal films","doi":"10.1039/c5tc04388c","date_updated":"2026-02-17T16:13:25Z","volume":4,"author":[{"full_name":"Scheid, D.","last_name":"Scheid","first_name":"D."},{"full_name":"Stock, D.","last_name":"Stock","first_name":"D."},{"first_name":"T.","full_name":"Winter, T.","last_name":"Winter"},{"first_name":"Torsten","last_name":"Gutmann","id":"118165","full_name":"Gutmann, Torsten"},{"last_name":"Dietz","full_name":"Dietz, C.","first_name":"C."},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Gallei, M.","last_name":"Gallei"}],"date_created":"2026-02-07T16:09:09Z","year":"2016","page":"2187–2196","intvolume":"         4","citation":{"apa":"Scheid, D., Stock, D., Winter, T., Gutmann, T., Dietz, C., &#38; Gallei, M. (2016). The pivotal step of nanoparticle functionalization for the preparation of functional and magnetic hybrid opal films. <i>Journal of Materials Chemistry C</i>, <i>4</i>(11), 2187–2196. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/c5tc04388c\">https://doi.org/10.1039/c5tc04388c</a>","mla":"Scheid, D., et al. “The Pivotal Step of Nanoparticle Functionalization for the Preparation of Functional and Magnetic Hybrid Opal Films.” <i>Journal of Materials Chemistry C</i>, vol. 4, no. 11, 2016, pp. 2187–2196, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/c5tc04388c\">10.1039/c5tc04388c</a>.","short":"D. Scheid, D. Stock, T. Winter, T. Gutmann, C. Dietz, M. Gallei, Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4 (2016) 2187–2196.","bibtex":"@article{Scheid_Stock_Winter_Gutmann_Dietz_Gallei_2016, title={The pivotal step of nanoparticle functionalization for the preparation of functional and magnetic hybrid opal films}, volume={4}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/c5tc04388c\">10.1039/c5tc04388c</a>}, number={11}, journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry C}, author={Scheid, D. and Stock, D. and Winter, T. and Gutmann, Torsten and Dietz, C. and Gallei, M.}, year={2016}, pages={2187–2196} }","ama":"Scheid D, Stock D, Winter T, Gutmann T, Dietz C, Gallei M. The pivotal step of nanoparticle functionalization for the preparation of functional and magnetic hybrid opal films. <i>Journal of Materials Chemistry C</i>. 2016;4(11):2187–2196. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/c5tc04388c\">10.1039/c5tc04388c</a>","chicago":"Scheid, D., D. Stock, T. Winter, Torsten Gutmann, C. Dietz, and M. Gallei. “The Pivotal Step of Nanoparticle Functionalization for the Preparation of Functional and Magnetic Hybrid Opal Films.” <i>Journal of Materials Chemistry C</i> 4, no. 11 (2016): 2187–2196. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/c5tc04388c\">https://doi.org/10.1039/c5tc04388c</a>.","ieee":"D. Scheid, D. Stock, T. Winter, T. Gutmann, C. Dietz, and M. Gallei, “The pivotal step of nanoparticle functionalization for the preparation of functional and magnetic hybrid opal films,” <i>Journal of Materials Chemistry C</i>, vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 2187–2196, 2016, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/c5tc04388c\">10.1039/c5tc04388c</a>."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2050-7526"]},"issue":"11"}]