---
_id: '59907'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>Abstract. Flow forming is recognized for its precision in producing
    rotationally symmetric components, but the use of metastable austenitic stainless
    steel (AISI 304L) introduces challenges due to uncontrolled strain-induced α’
    martensite formation. Variations in factors such as eccentricity and batch inconsistencies
    lead to unpredictable microstructural profiles, limiting reproducibility [1,2].
    This study addresses these issues by incorporating thermal actuators for cryogenic
    cooling and induction heating to regulate forming temperatures, enabling control
    of the α’-martensite content. Experimental investigations demonstrate that local
    tempering during thermomechanical reverse flow forming produces discernible variations
    in microstructure, affecting mechanical and magnetic properties [3]. Controlled
    local adjustments of α’-martensite content allow for customization of properties
    in seamless tubes, advancing manufacturing capabilities for complex, defect-free
    components. The results presented demonstrate promising strategies for implementation
    within the context of closed-loop property control in flow forming.</jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Bahman
  full_name: Arian, Bahman
  id: '36287'
  last_name: Arian
- first_name: Werner
  full_name: Homberg, Werner
  id: '233'
  last_name: Homberg
- first_name: Lukas
  full_name: Kersting, Lukas
  last_name: Kersting
- first_name: Ansgar
  full_name: Trächtler, Ansgar
  id: '552'
  last_name: Trächtler
- first_name: Julian
  full_name: Rozo Vasquez, Julian
  last_name: Rozo Vasquez
- first_name: Frank
  full_name: Walther, Frank
  last_name: Walther
citation:
  ama: 'Arian B, Homberg W, Kersting L, Trächtler A, Rozo Vasquez J, Walther F. Advanced
    thermomechanical flow forming: A novel approach to α’-martensite control for enhanced
    material properties. In: Carlone P, Filice L, Umbrello D, eds. <i>Materials Research
    Proceedings</i>. Vol 54. Materials Research Forum LLC; 2025. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903599-127">10.21741/9781644903599-127</a>'
  apa: 'Arian, B., Homberg, W., Kersting, L., Trächtler, A., Rozo Vasquez, J., &#38;
    Walther, F. (2025). Advanced thermomechanical flow forming: A novel approach to
    α’-martensite control for enhanced material properties. In P. Carlone, L. Filice,
    &#38; D. Umbrello (Eds.), <i>Materials Research Proceedings</i> (Vol. 54). Materials
    Research Forum LLC. <a href="https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903599-127">https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903599-127</a>'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Arian_Homberg_Kersting_Trächtler_Rozo Vasquez_Walther_2025,
    title={Advanced thermomechanical flow forming: A novel approach to α’-martensite
    control for enhanced material properties}, volume={54}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903599-127">10.21741/9781644903599-127</a>},
    booktitle={Materials Research Proceedings}, publisher={Materials Research Forum
    LLC}, author={Arian, Bahman and Homberg, Werner and Kersting, Lukas and Trächtler,
    Ansgar and Rozo Vasquez, Julian and Walther, Frank}, editor={Carlone, Pierpaolo
    and Filice, Luigino and Umbrello, Domenico}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: 'Arian, Bahman, Werner Homberg, Lukas Kersting, Ansgar Trächtler, Julian
    Rozo Vasquez, and Frank Walther. “Advanced Thermomechanical Flow Forming: A Novel
    Approach to α’-Martensite Control for Enhanced Material Properties.” In <i>Materials
    Research Proceedings</i>, edited by Pierpaolo Carlone, Luigino Filice, and Domenico
    Umbrello, Vol. 54. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903599-127">https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903599-127</a>.'
  ieee: 'B. Arian, W. Homberg, L. Kersting, A. Trächtler, J. Rozo Vasquez, and F.
    Walther, “Advanced thermomechanical flow forming: A novel approach to α’-martensite
    control for enhanced material properties,” in <i>Materials Research Proceedings</i>,
    Paestum, Italy, 2025, vol. 54, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903599-127">10.21741/9781644903599-127</a>.'
  mla: 'Arian, Bahman, et al. “Advanced Thermomechanical Flow Forming: A Novel Approach
    to α’-Martensite Control for Enhanced Material Properties.” <i>Materials Research
    Proceedings</i>, edited by Pierpaolo Carlone et al., vol. 54, Materials Research
    Forum LLC, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903599-127">10.21741/9781644903599-127</a>.'
  short: 'B. Arian, W. Homberg, L. Kersting, A. Trächtler, J. Rozo Vasquez, F. Walther,
    in: P. Carlone, L. Filice, D. Umbrello (Eds.), Materials Research Proceedings,
    Materials Research Forum LLC, 2025.'
conference:
  end_date: 2025-05-09
  location: Paestum, Italy
  name: The 28th International ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming - ESAFORM 2025
  start_date: 2025-05-06
date_created: 2025-05-15T06:59:28Z
date_updated: 2025-10-30T13:55:08Z
department:
- _id: '156'
- _id: '153'
- _id: '241'
doi: 10.21741/9781644903599-127
editor:
- first_name: Pierpaolo
  full_name: Carlone, Pierpaolo
  last_name: Carlone
- first_name: Luigino
  full_name: Filice, Luigino
  last_name: Filice
- first_name: Domenico
  full_name: Umbrello, Domenico
  last_name: Umbrello
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        54'
keyword:
- Flow Forming
- Thermomechanical Forming
- α’-Martensite
- Property Control
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://mrforum.com/product/9781644903599-127/
oa: '1'
publication: Materials Research Proceedings
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2474-395X
publication_status: published
publisher: Materials Research Forum LLC
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Advanced thermomechanical flow forming: A novel approach to α’-martensite
  control for enhanced material properties'
type: conference
user_id: '36287'
volume: 54
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '23465'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: One of the main objectives of production engineering is to reproducibly manufacture
    (complex) defect-free parts. To achieve this, it is necessary to employ an appropriate
    process or tool design. While this will generally prove successful, it cannot,
    however, offset stochastic defects with local variations in material properties.
    Closed-loop process control represents a promising approach for a solution in
    this context. The state of the art involves using this approach to control geometric
    parameters such as a length. So far, no research or applications have been conducted
    with closed-loop control for microstructure and product properties. In the project
    on which this paper is based, the local martensite content of parts is to be adjusted
    in a highly precise and reproducible manner. The forming process employed is a
    special, property-controlled flow-forming process. A model-based controller is
    thus to generate corresponding correction values for the tool-path geometry and
    tool-path velocity on the basis of online martensite content measurements. For
    the controller model, it is planned to use a special process or microstructure
    (correlation) model. The planned paper not only describes the experimental setup
    but also presents results of initial experimental investigations for subsequent
    use in the closed-loop control of α’-martensite content during flow-forming.
author:
- first_name: Bahman
  full_name: Arian, Bahman
  id: '36287'
  last_name: Arian
- first_name: Werner
  full_name: Homberg, Werner
  id: '233'
  last_name: Homberg
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Riepold, Markus
  last_name: Riepold
- first_name: Ansgar
  full_name: Trächtler, Ansgar
  id: '552'
  last_name: Trächtler
- first_name: Julian
  full_name: Rozo Vasquez, Julian
  last_name: Rozo Vasquez
- first_name: Frank
  full_name: Walther, Frank
  last_name: Walther
citation:
  ama: 'Arian B, Homberg W, Riepold M, Trächtler A, Rozo Vasquez J, Walther F. Forming
    of metastable austenitic stainless steel tubes with axially graded martensite
    content by flow-forming. In: ULiège Library; 2021.'
  apa: Arian, B., Homberg, W., Riepold, M., Trächtler, A., Rozo Vasquez, J., &#38;
    Walther, F. (2021). <i>Forming of metastable austenitic stainless steel tubes
    with axially graded martensite content by flow-forming</i>. 24th International
    Conference on Material Forming - ESAFORM 2021, Liège, Belgium.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Arian_Homberg_Riepold_Trächtler_Rozo Vasquez_Walther_2021,
    place={Liège}, title={Forming of metastable austenitic stainless steel tubes with
    axially graded martensite content by flow-forming}, publisher={ULiège Library},
    author={Arian, Bahman and Homberg, Werner and Riepold, Markus and Trächtler, Ansgar
    and Rozo Vasquez, Julian and Walther, Frank}, year={2021} }'
  chicago: 'Arian, Bahman, Werner Homberg, Markus Riepold, Ansgar Trächtler, Julian
    Rozo Vasquez, and Frank Walther. “Forming of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel
    Tubes with Axially Graded Martensite Content by Flow-Forming.” Liège: ULiège Library,
    2021.'
  ieee: B. Arian, W. Homberg, M. Riepold, A. Trächtler, J. Rozo Vasquez, and F. Walther,
    “Forming of metastable austenitic stainless steel tubes with axially graded martensite
    content by flow-forming,” presented at the 24th International Conference on Material
    Forming - ESAFORM 2021, Liège, Belgium, 2021.
  mla: Arian, Bahman, et al. <i>Forming of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubes
    with Axially Graded Martensite Content by Flow-Forming</i>. ULiège Library, 2021.
  short: 'B. Arian, W. Homberg, M. Riepold, A. Trächtler, J. Rozo Vasquez, F. Walther,
    in: ULiège Library, Liège, 2021.'
conference:
  end_date: 2021-04-16
  location: Liège, Belgium
  name: 24th International Conference on Material Forming - ESAFORM 2021
  start_date: 2021-04-14
date_created: 2021-08-23T13:00:35Z
date_updated: 2023-05-02T08:27:48Z
department:
- _id: '156'
- _id: '153'
- _id: '241'
keyword:
- Flow-forming
- Spinning
- Process Strategy
- Martensite Content
- Property Control
- Micromagnetic Measurement
- Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://popups.uliege.be/esaform21/index.php?id=2759
oa: '1'
place: Liège
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - 978-2-87019-303-7
  isbn:
  - 978-2-87019-302-0
publication_status: published
publisher: ULiège Library
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Forming of metastable austenitic stainless steel tubes with axially graded
  martensite content by flow-forming
type: conference
user_id: '36287'
year: '2021'
...