@article{50798, abstract = {{Abstract Background An infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications, which can impair athletic activity. Objective We aimed to assess the clinical symptom patterns, diagnostic findings, and the extent of impairment in sport practice in a large cohort of athletes infected with SARS-CoV-2, both initially after infection and at follow-up. Additionally, we investigated whether baseline factors that may contribute to reduced exercise tolerance at follow-up can be identified. Methods In this prospective, observational, multicenter study, we recruited German COVID elite-athletes (cEAs, n = 444) and COVID non-elite athletes (cNEAs, n = 481) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR (polymerase chain reaction test). Athletes from the federal squad with no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection served as healthy controls (EAcon, n = 501). Questionnaires were used to assess load and duration of infectious symptoms, other complaints, exercise tolerance, and duration of training interruption at baseline and at follow-up 6 months after baseline. Diagnostic tests conducted at baseline included resting and exercise electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, spirometry, and blood analyses. Results Most acute and infection-related symptoms and other complaints were more prevalent in cNEA than in cEAs. Compared to cEAs, EAcon had a low symptom load. In cNEAs, female athletes had a higher prevalence of complaints such as palpitations, dizziness, chest pain, myalgia, sleeping disturbances, mood swings, and concentration problems compared to male athletes (p < 0.05). Until follow-up, leading symptoms were drop in performance, concentration problems, and dyspnea on exertion. Female athletes had significantly higher prevalence for symptoms until follow-up compared to male. Pathological findings in ECG, echocardiography, and spirometry, attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection, were rare in infected athletes. Most athletes reported a training interruption between 2 and 4 weeks (cNEAs: 52.9%, cEAs: 52.4%), while more cNEAs (27.1%) compared to cEAs (5.1%) had a training interruption lasting more than 4 weeks (p < 0.001). At follow-up, 13.8% of cNEAs and 9.9% of cEAs (p = 0.24) reported their current exercise tolerance to be under 70% compared to pre-infection state. A persistent loss of exercise tolerance at follow-up was associated with persistent complaints at baseline, female sex, a longer break in training, and age > 38 years. Periodical dichotomization of the data set showed a higher prevalence of infectious symptoms such as cough, sore throat, and coryza in the second phase of the pandemic, while a number of neuropsychiatric symptoms as well as dyspnea on exertion were less frequent in this period. Conclusions Compared to recreational athletes, elite athletes seem to be at lower risk of being or remaining symptomatic after SARS-CoV-2 infection. It remains to be determined whether persistent complaints after SARS-CoV-2 infection without evidence of accompanying organ damage may have a negative impact on further health and career in athletes. Identifying risk factors for an extended recovery period such as female sex and ongoing neuropsychological symptoms could help to identify athletes, who may require a more cautious approach to rebuilding their training regimen. Trial Registration Number DRKS00023717; 06.15.2021—retrospectively registered. }}, author = {{Widmann, Manuel and Gaidai, Roman and Schubert, Isabel and Grummt, Maximilian and Bensen, Lieselotte and Kerling, Arno and Quermann, Anne and Zacher, Jonas and Vollrath, Shirin and Bizjak, Daniel Alexander and Beckendorf, Claudia and Egger, Florian and Hasler, Erik and Mellwig, Klaus-Peter and Fütterer, Cornelia and Wimbauer, Fritz and Vogel, Azin and Schoenfeld, Julia and Wüstenfeld, Jan C. and Kastner, Tom and Barsch, Friedrich and Friedmann-Bette, Birgit and Bloch, Wilhelm and Meyer, Tim and Mayer, Frank and Wolfarth, Bernd and Roecker, Kai and Reinsberger, Claus and Haller, Bernhard and Niess, Andreas M. and Birnbaum, Mike Peter and Burgstahler, Christof and Cassel, Michael and Deibert, Peter and Esefeld, Katrin and Erz, Gunnar and Greiss, Franziska and Halle, Martin and Hesse, Judith and Keller, Karsten and Kopp, Christine and Matits, Lynn and Predel, Hans Georg and Rüdrich, Peter and Schneider, Gerald and Stapmanns, Philipp and Steinacker, Jürgen Michael and Szekessy, Sarah and Venhorst, Andreas and Zapf, Stephanie and Zickwolf, Christian}}, issn = {{0112-1642}}, journal = {{Sports Medicine}}, keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{COVID-19 in Female and Male Athletes: Symptoms, Clinical Findings, Outcome, and Prolonged Exercise Intolerance—A Prospective, Observational, Multicenter Cohort Study (CoSmo-S)}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s40279-023-01976-0}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{35533, author = {{Büchel, Daniel and Torvik, Per Øyvind and Lehmann, Tim and Sandbakk, Øyvind and Baumeister, Jochen}}, issn = {{1530-0315}}, journal = {{Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise}}, keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}}, publisher = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}}, title = {{{The Mode of Endurance Exercise Influences Changes in EEG Resting State Graphs among High-Level Cross-Country Skiers}}}, doi = {{10.1249/mss.0000000000003122}}, volume = {{Publish Ahead of Print}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{49636, abstract = {{Abstract Purpose Wearables serve to quantify the on-court activity in intermittent sports such as field hockey (FH). Based on objective data, benchmarks can be determined to tailor training intensity and volume. Next to average and accumulated values, the most intense periods (MIPs) during competitive FH matches are of special interest, since these quantify the peak intensities players experience throughout the intermittent matches. The aim of this study was to retrospectively compare peak intensities between training and competition sessions in a male FH team competing in the first german division. Methods Throughout an 8-week in-season period, 372 individual activity datasets (144 datasets from competitive sessions) were recorded using the Polar Team Pro sensor (Kempele, Finland). MIPs were calculated applying a rolling window approach with predefined window length (1–5 min) and calculated for Total distance, High-Intensity-Running distance (> 16 km/h), Sprinting distance (> 20 km/h) and Acceleration load. Significant differences between training and competition MIPs were analysed through non-parametric statistical tests (P < 0.05). Results Analyses revealed higher MIPs during competition for all considered outcomes (P < 0.001). Effect size estimation revealed strongest effects for sprinting distance (d = 1.89 to d = 1.22) and lowest effect sizes for acceleration load (d = 0.92 to d = 0.49). Conclusion The present findings demonstrate that peak intensities during training do not reach those experienced during competitive sessions in a male FH team. Training routines such as manipulations of court-dimensions and team sizes might contribute to this discrepancy. Coaches should compare training and competition intensities to recalibrate training routines to optimize athletes’ preparation for competition. }}, author = {{Büchel, Daniel and Döring, Michael and Baumeister, Jochen}}, issn = {{2096-6709}}, journal = {{Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise}}, keywords = {{Nutrition and Dietetics, Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Physiology}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{A Comparison of the Most Intense Periods (MIPs) During Competitive Matches and Training Over an 8-Week Period in a Male Elite Field Hockey Team}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s42978-023-00261-w}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{42118, author = {{Haase, Franziska Katharina and Prien, Annika and Douw, Linda and Feddermann‐Demont, Nina and Junge, Astrid and Reinsberger, Claus}}, issn = {{0905-7188}}, journal = {{Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports}}, keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Cortical thickness and neurocognitive performance in former high‐level female soccer and non‐contact sport athletes}}}, doi = {{10.1111/sms.14324}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{42966, author = {{Sherman, David A. and Baumeister, Jochen and Stock, Matt S. and Murray, Amanda M. and Bazett-Jones, David M. and Norte, Grant E.}}, issn = {{1530-0315}}, journal = {{Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise}}, keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}}, publisher = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}}, title = {{{Weaker Quadriceps Corticomuscular Coherence in Individuals Following ACL Reconstruction during Force Tracing}}}, doi = {{10.1249/mss.0000000000003080}}, volume = {{Publish Ahead of Print}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{46818, abstract = {{AbstractObjectiveConcerns about short‐ and long‐term consequences of repetitive heading contributed to heading restrictions in youth football in some countries. This prospective longitudinal cohort study aims to describe heading exposure in children's and youth football over two seasons using standardized video analysis.MethodsAll matches and training sessions of a male Under‐11 (n = 29), Under‐15 (n = 28), Under‐19 (n = 38), and female Under‐17 (n = 39) team were videotaped during the seasons 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. Heading frequencies and characteristics were analyzed. Individual heading exposure is presented as average incidence rates (IR) per 1000 match/training hours.ResultsIn 275 matches and 673 training sessions, 22 921 headers were observed. Heading IR per player in matches was 1256 (Under‐11 m), 1608 (Under‐15 m), 1050 (Under‐17 f), and 1966 (Under‐19 m). In training sessions, IR per player was 739 (Under‐11 m), 2206 (Under‐15 m), 1661 (Under‐17 f), and 1419 (Under‐19 m). Five Under‐15 males headed the ball five to eight times per training on average. Most headers were performed without heading duels. Flight distance was predominantly 5–20 m (54%) in matches and <5 m (65%) in training. While head impact location most frequently was at frontal areas, one‐third of all headers in Under‐11 in matches hit temporal, parietal, and occipital parts of the head.ConclusionHeading incidence was low in the youngest age group, whereas (predominantly five) Under‐15 males showed very high heading exposures in training. In assessment and regulation of heading burden, training sessions and individual heading behavior should specifically be addressed. Recommendations for heading the ball in practice should account for individual and age‐related differences.}}, author = {{Reeschke, Rebecca and Haase, Franziska Katharina and Dautzenberg, Lena and Krutsch, Werner and Reinsberger, Claus}}, issn = {{0905-7188}}, journal = {{Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports}}, keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}}, number = {{9}}, pages = {{1821--1830}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Training matters: Heading incidence and characteristics in children's and youth football (soccer) players}}}, doi = {{10.1111/sms.14408}}, volume = {{33}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{43061, abstract = {{Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine whether cortical activity changes during exercise with increasing cognitive demands in preadolescent children. Method: Twenty healthy children (8.75 [0.91] y) performed one movement game, which was conducted with lower and higher cognitive demands. During a baseline measurement and both exercise conditions, cortical activity was recorded using a 64-channel electroencephalographic system, and heart rate was assessed. Ratings of perceived excertion and perceived cognitive engagement were examined after each condition. To analyze power spectral density in the theta, alpha-1, and alpha-2 frequency bands, an adaptive mixture independent component analysis was used to determine the spatiotemporal sources of cortical activity, and brain components were clustered to identify spatial clusters. Results: One-way repeated-measures analyses of variance revealed significant main effects for condition on theta in the prefrontal cluster, on alpha-1 in the prefrontal, central, bilateral motor, bilateral parieto-occipital, and occipital clusters, and on alpha-2 in the left motor, central, and left parieto-occipital clusters. Compared with the lower cognitive demand exercise, cortical activity was significantly higher in theta power in the prefrontal cluster and in alpha-1 power in the occipital cluster during the higher cognitive demand exercise. Conclusion: The present study shows that exercise complexity seems to influence cortical processing as it increased with increasing cognitive demands.}}, author = {{Becker, Linda and Büchel, Daniel and Lehmann, Tim and Kehne, Miriam and Baumeister, Jochen}}, issn = {{0899-8493}}, journal = {{Pediatric Exercise Science}}, keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health}}, pages = {{1--11}}, publisher = {{Human Kinetics}}, title = {{{Mobile Electroencephalography Reveals Differences in Cortical Processing During Exercises With Lower and Higher Cognitive Demands in Preadolescent Children}}}, doi = {{10.1123/pes.2021-0212}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{48614, author = {{Pohle, Carina and Paschen, Linda and Baumeister, Jochen}}, issn = {{0966-6362}}, journal = {{Gait & Posture}}, keywords = {{Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Biophysics}}, pages = {{72--82}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Alterations of postural control across the menstrual cycle – A systematic review}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.09.010}}, volume = {{107}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{34022, abstract = {{Background: Medical professionals working in an elite sport environment have the challenging task to balance the athlete’s readiness to return to the playing field after severe injury with other stakeholders’ (coaches, sponsors, teammates) opinions and objectives.Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate differences in the physical profiles of elite rugby players at return to play (RTP) after a severe knee injury, compared with their pre-injury profiles and matched controls.Method: Before the injury, participants performed four performance tests during their preseason screening. These tests were repeated and compared to baseline once a player was declared fit to play.Results: Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found in the injured players’ group who were slower over 10 m speed, in their decision-making time and the total time of the reactive agility tests at RTP, whilst controls were significantly faster over 10 m and 30 m speed tests. The countermovement jump outcomes showed significant improvement in the uninjured participants (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusion: Our study highlights that injured players’ running speeds and decision-making times are slower after injury. The uninjured players have a positive outcome to training and match stimulus by improving their running speed and lower body explosive power during the season.Clinical implications: Our study provides insight into the RTP profile of elite rugby players, and a novel finding was the decision-making time deficit. This highlights the importance of cognitive training during injury rehabilitation as athletes make numerous decisions in a pressured and uncontrolled environment during a match. Speed training development is recommended as the athletes were slower after severe knee injury.}}, author = {{Robyn, Aneurin D. and Louw, Quinette A. and Baumeister, Jochen}}, issn = {{2410-8219}}, journal = {{South African Journal of Physiotherapy}}, keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{AOSIS}}, title = {{{Return to play in elite rugby players after severe knee injuries}}}, doi = {{10.4102/sajp.v78i1.1629}}, volume = {{78}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{32449, author = {{Di Paolo, Stefano and Nijmeijer, Eline and Bragonzoni, Laura and Dingshoff, Evelien and Gokeler, Alli and Benjaminse, Anne}}, issn = {{1746-1391}}, journal = {{European Journal of Sport Science}}, keywords = {{Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, General Medicine}}, pages = {{1--10}}, publisher = {{Informa UK Limited}}, title = {{{Comparing lab and field agility kinematics in young talented female football players: Implications for ACL injury prevention}}}, doi = {{10.1080/17461391.2022.2064771}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{34475, author = {{Di Paolo, Stefano and Nijmeijer, Eline and Bragonzoni, Laura and Dingshoff, Evelien and Gokeler, Alli and Benjaminse, Anne}}, issn = {{1746-1391}}, journal = {{European Journal of Sport Science}}, keywords = {{Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, General Medicine}}, pages = {{1--10}}, publisher = {{Informa UK Limited}}, title = {{{Comparing lab and field agility kinematics in young talented female football players: Implications for ACL injury prevention}}}, doi = {{10.1080/17461391.2022.2064771}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{35522, abstract = {{Following concepts describing lesson planning as a form of anticipatory reflection, preservice physics teachers’ reflection skills are assumed to be positively connected with their planning skills. However, empirical evidence on this is scarce. To explore how relations between these specific skills change over the course of a field experience controlling for influences of professional knowledge, we conduct a pre-post field study with N = 95 preservice physics teachers in a one-semester field experience. Content knowledge (CK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) (paper-and-pencil tests), and reflection and planning skills (standardized performance assessments) were assessed before and after the field experience. Path analyses revealed almost no influence of reflection skills on planning skills. Reflections skills did not contribute to preservice teachers planning skills beyond knowledge, indicating both constructs might represent rather independent abilities. The results show the need for further development of models describing the development of teachers’ professional knowledge and skills in academic teacher education and for the development of concepts for a better integration of reflection and lesson planning in field experiences.}}, author = {{Vogelsang, Christoph and Kulgemeyer, Christoph and Riese, Josef}}, issn = {{2227-7102}}, journal = {{Education Sciences}}, keywords = {{Public Administration, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Education, Computer Science Applications, Computer Science (miscellaneous), Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation}}, number = {{7}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{{Learning to Plan by Learning to Reflect?—Exploring Relations between Professional Knowledge, Reflection Skills, and Planning Skills of Preservice Physics Teachers in a One-Semester Field Experience}}}, doi = {{10.3390/educsci12070479}}, volume = {{12}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{35539, author = {{Lehmann, Tim and Visser, Anton and Havers, Tim and Büchel, Daniel and Baumeister, Jochen}}, issn = {{1530-0315}}, journal = {{Medicine &Science in Sports& Exercise}}, keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}}, number = {{9S}}, pages = {{565--565}}, publisher = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}}, title = {{{Surface Instability Modulates Cortical Information Processing In Multi-Joint Compound Movements}}}, doi = {{10.1249/01.mss.0000882152.12078.64}}, volume = {{54}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{48697, author = {{Krause, Daniel and Weigelt, Matthias}}, issn = {{0270-1367}}, journal = {{Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport}}, keywords = {{Nephrology, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, General Medicine}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{568--577}}, publisher = {{Informa UK Limited}}, title = {{{Mental Rotation of Tactic Board Instructions in Basketball: Domain-Specific Expertise Improves On-Court Performance}}}, doi = {{10.1080/02701367.2021.2022587}}, volume = {{94}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{40260, abstract = {{BACKGROUND: Challenged by digital transformation, organizations increasingly integrate information and communication technologies into work designs. Often focal points of such digital reengineering initiatives are technical and economic aspects. Yet, as integration of new technologies affects how employee work and interact, there is a need to evaluate human-centered criteria (human-factor evaluation), optimally by involving employees as situational experts. OBJECTIVE: The present study develops an integrative and persona-based evaluation approach of human-centered criteria for application in participative digital (re-)design of work to support the joint optimization of the technical and social system. METHODS: Drawing on methods from usability evaluation, a persona-based approach is developed to facilitate comprehension and application of human-centered evaluation by employees. To that end, human-centered criteria from existing evaluation models are systemized with specific reference to digital transformation of work processes. The developed approach is tested in pilot runs of three German small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). RESULTS: The initial overview shows a divergence of specific human-centered criteria at the detailed level. Simultaneously, a high convergence is found for overarching dimensions and categories. The Integrative Socio-Digital Evaluation Model (ISDEM) is developed to balance complexity and abstraction of criteria. The derived persona-based approach (persISDEM) shows a good applicability in the pilot runs. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides an amendment to existing work design approaches with an emphasis on employee participation, enabling organizations to foster employees’ comprehension and motivation to engage in evaluations of digital (re-)design of work and to create motivating and healthy jobs for successful digital transformation.}}, author = {{Schumacher, Jan-Philip and Depenbusch, Sarah and Straatmann, Tammo and Bender, Elena and Schaper, Niclas and Hamborg, Kai-Christoph}}, issn = {{1051-9815}}, journal = {{Work}}, keywords = {{Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Rehabilitation}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{1629--1654}}, publisher = {{IOS Press}}, title = {{{Participative human-factor evaluation in the context of digital work (re-)design}}}, doi = {{10.3233/wor-211248}}, volume = {{72}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{35624, author = {{Lehmann, Tim and Visser, Anton and Havers, Tim and Büchel, Daniel and Baumeister, Jochen}}, issn = {{1530-0315}}, journal = {{Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise}}, keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}}, number = {{9S}}, pages = {{565--565}}, publisher = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}}, title = {{{Surface Instability Modulates Cortical Information Processing In Multi-Joint Compound Movements}}}, doi = {{10.1249/01.mss.0000882152.12078.64}}, volume = {{54}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{35627, author = {{Büchel, Daniel and Allen, Carlos and Lehmann, Tim and Sandbakk, Øyvind and Baumeister, Jochen}}, booktitle = {{Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise}}, issn = {{1530-0315}}, keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}}, number = {{9S}}, pages = {{262--262}}, publisher = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}}, title = {{{Changes In Eeg Microstate Patterns Following Exhaustive Treadmill Exercise When Employing Reduced Channel Resolution}}}, doi = {{10.1249/01.mss.0000878300.82239.03}}, volume = {{54}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{45130, author = {{Di Paolo, Stefano and Nijmeijer, Eline and Bragonzoni, Laura and Dingshoff, Evelien and Gokeler, Alli and Benjaminse, Anne}}, issn = {{1746-1391}}, journal = {{European Journal of Sport Science}}, keywords = {{Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, General Medicine}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{859--868}}, publisher = {{Informa UK Limited}}, title = {{{Comparing lab and field agility kinematics in young talented female football players: Implications for ACL injury prevention}}}, doi = {{10.1080/17461391.2022.2064771}}, volume = {{23}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{35537, author = {{Büchel, Daniel and Allen, Carlos and Lehmann, Tim and Sandbakk, Øyvind and Baumeister, Jochen}}, booktitle = {{Medicine &Science in Sports& Exercise}}, issn = {{1530-0315}}, keywords = {{Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine}}, number = {{9S}}, pages = {{262--262}}, publisher = {{Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}}, title = {{{Changes In Eeg Microstate Patterns Following Exhaustive Treadmill Exercise When Employing Reduced Channel Resolution}}}, doi = {{10.1249/01.mss.0000878300.82239.03}}, volume = {{54}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{30906, abstract = {{Abstract Background Hand amputation can have a truly debilitating impact on the life of the affected person. A multifunctional myoelectric prosthesis controlled using pattern classification can be used to restore some of the lost motor abilities. However, learning to control an advanced prosthesis can be a challenging task, but virtual and augmented reality (AR) provide means to create an engaging and motivating training. Methods In this study, we present a novel training framework that integrates virtual elements within a real scene (AR) while allowing the view from the first-person perspective. The framework was evaluated in 13 able-bodied subjects and a limb-deficient person divided into intervention (IG) and control (CG) groups. The IG received training by performing simulated clothespin task and both groups conducted a pre- and posttest with a real prosthesis. When training with the AR, the subjects received visual feedback on the generated grasping force. The main outcome measure was the number of pins that were successfully transferred within 20 min (task duration), while the number of dropped and broken pins were also registered. The participants were asked to score the difficulty of the real task (posttest), fun-factor and motivation, as well as the utility of the feedback. Results The performance (median/interquartile range) consistently increased during the training sessions (4/3 to 22/4). While the results were similar for the two groups in the pretest, the performance improved in the posttest only in IG. In addition, the subjects in IG transferred significantly more pins (28/10.5 versus 14.5/11), and dropped (1/2.5 versus 3.5/2) and broke (5/3.8 versus 14.5/9) significantly fewer pins in the posttest compared to CG. The participants in IG assigned (mean ± std) significantly lower scores to the difficulty compared to CG (5.2 ± 1.9 versus 7.1 ± 0.9), and they highly rated the fun factor (8.7 ± 1.3) and usefulness of feedback (8.5 ± 1.7). Conclusion The results demonstrated that the proposed AR system allows for the transfer of skills from the simulated to the real task while providing a positive user experience. The present study demonstrates the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed AR framework. Importantly, the developed system is open source and available for download and further development. }}, author = {{Boschmann, Alexander and Neuhaus, Dorothee and Vogt, Sarah and Kaltschmidt, Christian and Platzner, Marco and Dosen, Strahinja}}, issn = {{1743-0003}}, journal = {{Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation}}, keywords = {{Health Informatics, Rehabilitation}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Immersive augmented reality system for the training of pattern classification control with a myoelectric prosthesis}}}, doi = {{10.1186/s12984-021-00822-6}}, volume = {{18}}, year = {{2021}}, }