[{"user_id":"83557","department":[{"_id":"195"}],"_id":"65310","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"extern":"1","keyword":["Reputation Systems","Consulting","Design Science Invention","Incentive","Blockchain","Monetary ratings","building trust","reduce information asymmetry consulting","B2B reputation system","consulting risk reduction","supplier evaluation system"],"type":"book_chapter","publication":" Advanced Studies in Consulting Research and Digitalization – A Scientific Update on the Digital Transformation of the Consulting Industry. Springer.","status":"public","editor":[{"first_name":"Volker","last_name":"Nissen","full_name":"Nissen, Volker"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Trust between client and consultant is perhaps the most important asset in con-sulting, as this is a highly intangible knowledge-intensive business that concerns is-sues of outstanding strategic and operational importance for the customers. Cli-ents who have not worked with a particular consultancy face considerable risk when they place an order while lacking reliable information about the service quality they can expect. There is a strong link between trust and reputation, as the positive reputation of a consultancy can act as a substitute for a new client’s missing individual experience with the provider, fostering trust in the service quali-ty. Thus, creating, maintaining, and demonstrating a good reputation is of signifi-cant importance for consultancies in a very competitive industry.\r\nTo facilitate trustworthy signals, we design and implement a novel reputation mechanism that carries a monetary weight stored on a blockchain network as an immutable, decentralized, and transparent ledger. Based on an implementation in the Ethereum network and subsequent evaluation, we conclude that the reputation mechanism can contribute to leveling information asymmetry and reducing risk while increasing reputation and trust. The mechanism lends itself to being used in other business-to-business scenarios that suffer from similar information asymmetries."}],"author":[{"first_name":"Simon","id":"83557","full_name":"Hemmrich, Simon","last_name":"Hemmrich"},{"first_name":"Volker","full_name":"Nissen, Volker","last_name":"Nissen"}],"date_created":"2026-04-02T04:06:47Z","date_updated":"2026-04-02T04:32:01Z","title":"A blockchain-based reputation system for consulting","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"unknown":["978-3032173836"]},"citation":{"ieee":"S. Hemmrich and V. Nissen, “A blockchain-based reputation system for consulting,” in <i> Advanced Studies in Consulting Research and Digitalization – A Scientific Update on the Digital Transformation of the Consulting Industry. Springer.</i>, V. Nissen, Ed. 2026.","chicago":"Hemmrich, Simon, and Volker Nissen. “A Blockchain-Based Reputation System for Consulting.” In <i> Advanced Studies in Consulting Research and Digitalization – A Scientific Update on the Digital Transformation of the Consulting Industry. Springer.</i>, edited by Volker Nissen, 2026.","ama":"Hemmrich S, Nissen V. A blockchain-based reputation system for consulting. In: Nissen V, ed. <i> Advanced Studies in Consulting Research and Digitalization – A Scientific Update on the Digital Transformation of the Consulting Industry. Springer.</i> ; 2026.","mla":"Hemmrich, Simon, and Volker Nissen. “A Blockchain-Based Reputation System for Consulting.” <i> Advanced Studies in Consulting Research and Digitalization – A Scientific Update on the Digital Transformation of the Consulting Industry. Springer.</i>, edited by Volker Nissen, 2026.","bibtex":"@inbook{Hemmrich_Nissen_2026, title={A blockchain-based reputation system for consulting}, booktitle={ Advanced Studies in Consulting Research and Digitalization – A Scientific Update on the Digital Transformation of the Consulting Industry. Springer.}, author={Hemmrich, Simon and Nissen, Volker}, editor={Nissen, Volker}, year={2026} }","short":"S. Hemmrich, V. Nissen, in: V. Nissen (Ed.),  Advanced Studies in Consulting Research and Digitalization – A Scientific Update on the Digital Transformation of the Consulting Industry. Springer., 2026.","apa":"Hemmrich, S., &#38; Nissen, V. (2026). A blockchain-based reputation system for consulting. In V. Nissen (Ed.), <i> Advanced Studies in Consulting Research and Digitalization – A Scientific Update on the Digital Transformation of the Consulting Industry. Springer.</i>"},"year":"2026"},{"date_created":"2025-05-28T08:12:28Z","publisher":"Springer","title":"Blockchain‑based reputation systemsfor business‑to‑business services: designing a reputation mechanism to reduce information asymmetry in professional consulting","issue":"1","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2025","external_id":{"unknown":["https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-025-00702-9"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["000"],"keyword":["Information asymmetry","Trust","Reputation system","Monetary rating","Blockchain","Consulting"],"publication":"Information Systems and e-Business Management","file":[{"success":1,"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1440251,"file_id":"60051","access_level":"closed","file_name":"Hemmrich_et_al-2025-Information_Systems_and_e-Business_Management.pdf","date_updated":"2025-05-28T08:05:18Z","date_created":"2025-05-28T08:05:18Z","creator":"hemmrich"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Reputation systems to rate companies’ performances remain largely unexplored inresearch and are scarcely used in business-to-business (B2B) practice. Such systemsare essential for businesses seeking trustworthy partners, as they help reduce infor-mation asymmetry, lower buyers’ transaction risks, and allow high-quality serviceproviders to justify premium pricing. Unlike traditional review-based systems in thebusiness-to-consumer (B2C) context, we propose a B2B reputation mechanism inwhich buyers commit to a rating payment before a transaction. Once the buyer final-izes the rating, this payment is executed and recorded on a blockchain as an immu-table, secure ledger. Our system mimics natural trust-building mechanisms with rat-ings that are (1) monetary-based, (2) stake-based, (3) non-aggregated, (4) involvecounter-ratings, (5) selectively sellable, (6) individually comparable, (7) stored ona blockchain, (8) and monitored by a third instance. This system provides a novelapproach to fostering trust in B2B transactions by reducing information asymme-try and transaction risk. We illustrate the mechanism’s application in the consultingsector. Our analysis has identified 23 institutional trust and distrust dimensions thatpromote establishing institutional trust through the proposed mechanism. Qualita-tive interviews suggest that, while complex and challenging to apply, this mecha-nism can foster trust in B2B transactions. Given the low maturity in the applicationdomain—rating professional business services with business reputation systems—and solution domain—using monetary stakes for ratings, this system stands as apotential invention.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Hemmrich","full_name":"Hemmrich, Simon","id":"83557"},{"first_name":"Volker","full_name":"Nissen, Volker","last_name":"Nissen"},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Beverungen, Daniel","id":"59677","last_name":"Beverungen"},{"last_name":"Pauls","full_name":"Pauls, Josias Daniel Miño","first_name":"Josias Daniel Miño"}],"volume":23,"date_updated":"2026-04-02T04:32:13Z","oa":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1007/s10257-025-00702-9?sharing_token=fOiWqZx_ScKFAKjxu5UqWPe4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY6mjxpZFPB3OtpVT0rAZf9eEBt3_qXIVcZ67l3R9JVYasmuCsIimzE-xfP0N5Rimun248j0jFOnL1eBu4rypKSDFnbmR3kJ5xx-HLnCXvPvQPwpm09qOkS9GSNsiG-du60%3D","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-025-00702-9","publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"ama":"Hemmrich S, Nissen V, Beverungen D, Pauls JDM. Blockchain‑based reputation systemsfor business‑to‑business services: designing a reputation mechanism to reduce information asymmetry in professional consulting. <i>Information Systems and e-Business Management</i>. 2025;23(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-025-00702-9\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-025-00702-9</a>","chicago":"Hemmrich, Simon, Volker Nissen, Daniel Beverungen, and Josias Daniel Miño Pauls. “Blockchain‑based Reputation Systemsfor Business‑to‑business Services: Designing a Reputation Mechanism to Reduce Information Asymmetry in Professional Consulting.” <i>Information Systems and E-Business Management</i> 23, no. 1 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-025-00702-9\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-025-00702-9</a>.","ieee":"S. Hemmrich, V. Nissen, D. Beverungen, and J. D. M. Pauls, “Blockchain‑based reputation systemsfor business‑to‑business services: designing a reputation mechanism to reduce information asymmetry in professional consulting,” <i>Information Systems and e-Business Management</i>, vol. 23, no. 1, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-025-00702-9\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-025-00702-9</a>.","apa":"Hemmrich, S., Nissen, V., Beverungen, D., &#38; Pauls, J. D. M. (2025). Blockchain‑based reputation systemsfor business‑to‑business services: designing a reputation mechanism to reduce information asymmetry in professional consulting. <i>Information Systems and E-Business Management</i>, <i>23</i>(1). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-025-00702-9\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-025-00702-9</a>","mla":"Hemmrich, Simon, et al. “Blockchain‑based Reputation Systemsfor Business‑to‑business Services: Designing a Reputation Mechanism to Reduce Information Asymmetry in Professional Consulting.” <i>Information Systems and E-Business Management</i>, vol. 23, no. 1, Springer, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-025-00702-9\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-025-00702-9</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Hemmrich_Nissen_Beverungen_Pauls_2025, title={Blockchain‑based reputation systemsfor business‑to‑business services: designing a reputation mechanism to reduce information asymmetry in professional consulting}, volume={23}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-025-00702-9\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-025-00702-9</a>}, number={1}, journal={Information Systems and e-Business Management}, publisher={Springer}, author={Hemmrich, Simon and Nissen, Volker and Beverungen, Daniel and Pauls, Josias Daniel Miño}, year={2025} }","short":"S. Hemmrich, V. Nissen, D. Beverungen, J.D.M. Pauls, Information Systems and E-Business Management 23 (2025)."},"jel":["D81","D82","L86","L10","M30"],"intvolume":"        23","user_id":"83557","department":[{"_id":"195"}],"_id":"60050","file_date_updated":"2025-05-28T08:05:18Z","article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","status":"public"},{"title":"Overcoming Lemon Markets with Business Reputation  Ecosystem – A Multi-agent Simulation on Monetary  Ratings","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382338551_Overcoming_Lemon_Markets_with_Business_Reputation_Ecosystem_-A_Multi-agent_Simulation_on_Monetary_Ratings_Research_Paper","open_access":"1"}],"conference":{"location":"Würzburg"},"oa":"1","date_updated":"2026-04-02T04:31:53Z","date_created":"2024-10-16T07:36:56Z","author":[{"first_name":"Ulvi","full_name":"Ibrahimli, Ulvi","last_name":"Ibrahimli"},{"last_name":"Hemmrich","full_name":"Hemmrich, Simon","first_name":"Simon"},{"full_name":"Zauke, Simon","last_name":"Zauke","first_name":"Simon"},{"first_name":"Axel","full_name":"Winkelmann, Axel","last_name":"Winkelmann"}],"year":"2024","jel":["C30","A12","D4","D82","L14"],"citation":{"short":"U. Ibrahimli, S. Hemmrich, S. Zauke, A. Winkelmann, in: 19. Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI24), 2024.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Ibrahimli_Hemmrich_Zauke_Winkelmann_2024, title={Overcoming Lemon Markets with Business Reputation  Ecosystem – A Multi-agent Simulation on Monetary  Ratings}, booktitle={19. Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI24)}, author={Ibrahimli, Ulvi and Hemmrich, Simon and Zauke, Simon and Winkelmann, Axel}, year={2024} }","mla":"Ibrahimli, Ulvi, et al. “Overcoming Lemon Markets with Business Reputation  Ecosystem – A Multi-Agent Simulation on Monetary  Ratings.” <i>19. Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI24)</i>, 2024.","apa":"Ibrahimli, U., Hemmrich, S., Zauke, S., &#38; Winkelmann, A. (2024). Overcoming Lemon Markets with Business Reputation  Ecosystem – A Multi-agent Simulation on Monetary  Ratings. <i>19. Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI24)</i>.","ama":"Ibrahimli U, Hemmrich S, Zauke S, Winkelmann A. Overcoming Lemon Markets with Business Reputation  Ecosystem – A Multi-agent Simulation on Monetary  Ratings. In: <i>19. Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI24)</i>. ; 2024.","chicago":"Ibrahimli, Ulvi, Simon Hemmrich, Simon Zauke, and Axel Winkelmann. “Overcoming Lemon Markets with Business Reputation  Ecosystem – A Multi-Agent Simulation on Monetary  Ratings.” In <i>19. Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI24)</i>, 2024.","ieee":"U. Ibrahimli, S. Hemmrich, S. Zauke, and A. Winkelmann, “Overcoming Lemon Markets with Business Reputation  Ecosystem – A Multi-agent Simulation on Monetary  Ratings,” Würzburg, 2024."},"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","keyword":["Reputation System","Payment as Rating","Multi-Agent Simulation","Lemon Markets"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"56636","user_id":"83557","abstract":[{"text":"Abstract. Business reputation ecosystems are a widely untapped research field. In these ecosystems, agents can selectively exchange (monetary) ratings to in-form about the experienced quality in a market. We build a model for conducting a multi-agent simulation that can be used to simulate and evaluate business rep-utation ecosystems as a new system class. We explore the factual occurring vol-untary payment to create positive (pay) or negative ratings (no pay), selling rat-ings selectively to alleviate information asymmetry, and the workings of counter-ratings to prevent buyers' dishonest ratings. Thereby, we analyze, among others, agent profitability, the occurrence of dishonest ratings, and reputation bias and sensitivity. The results provide simulation-based empirical evidence that the con-cept of monetary reputation systems provides necessary incentives for participa-tion, and high-quality sellers and honest buyers benefit from such a system. The results indicate that counter-ratings prompt buyers","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","type":"conference","publication":"19. Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI24)"},{"title":"Business Reputation Systems based on Blockchain Technology—A Risky Advance","conference":{"location":"Kristiansand"},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2023_rip/51/","open_access":"1"}],"date_updated":"2024-04-15T13:33:21Z","oa":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Hemmrich","full_name":"Hemmrich, Simon","id":"83557","first_name":"Simon"}],"date_created":"2023-12-18T12:55:32Z","year":"2023","citation":{"apa":"Hemmrich, S. (2023). Business Reputation Systems based on Blockchain Technology—A Risky Advance. <i>Proceedings of 31st European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2023)</i>.","short":"S. Hemmrich, in: Proceedings of 31st European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2023), 2023.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Hemmrich_2023, title={Business Reputation Systems based on Blockchain Technology—A Risky Advance}, booktitle={Proceedings of 31st European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2023)}, author={Hemmrich, Simon}, year={2023} }","mla":"Hemmrich, Simon. “Business Reputation Systems Based on Blockchain Technology—A Risky Advance.” <i>Proceedings of 31st European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2023)</i>, 2023.","chicago":"Hemmrich, Simon. “Business Reputation Systems Based on Blockchain Technology—A Risky Advance.” In <i>Proceedings of 31st European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2023)</i>, 2023.","ieee":"S. Hemmrich, “Business Reputation Systems based on Blockchain Technology—A Risky Advance,” Kristiansand, 2023.","ama":"Hemmrich S. Business Reputation Systems based on Blockchain Technology—A Risky Advance. In: <i>Proceedings of 31st European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2023)</i>. ; 2023."},"jel":["D47","D82","D81","E42"],"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","keyword":["Trust","Risk","Reputation System","Blockchain Technology","Business Reputation System."],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"49785","user_id":"83557","abstract":[{"text":"Reputation is indispensable for online business since it supports customers in their buying decisions and\r\nallows sellers to justify premium prices. While IS research has investigated reputation systems mainly\r\nas review systems on online platforms for business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions, no proper solutions\r\nhave been developed for business-to-business (B2B) transactions yet. We use blockchain technology to\r\npropose a new class of reputation systems that apply ratings as voluntary bonus payments: Before a\r\ntransaction is performed, customers commit to pay a bonus that is granted if a service provider has\r\nperformed a service properly. As opposed to rival reputation systems that build on cumulated ratings\r\nor reviews, our system enables monetized reputation mechanisms that are inextricably linked with online\r\ntransactions. We expect this system class to provide more trustworthy ratings, which might reduce\r\nagency costs and serve quality providers to establish a reputation towards new customers, building on\r\nsecond-order trust.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"Proceedings of 31st European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2023)","type":"conference"}]