[{"year":"2025","issue":"8","title":"Adaptive DC-Link Voltage Control for 22 kW, 40 kHz LLC Resonant Converter Considering Low-Frequency Voltage Ripple","date_created":"2025-05-05T12:27:39Z","publisher":"MDPI AG","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The LLC converter achieves the highest efficiency in resonant operation. Conventionally, the input DC-link voltage is controlled to operate the LLC converter at resonance for the given operating point. However, the DC-link capacitor voltage shows a low-frequency voltage ripple (typically the second harmonic of grid frequency) in cascaded converters so that the LLC has to adapt its switching frequency within the grid period. Conventionally, the LLC converter operates 50% of the time above the resonant frequency of 40 kHz and 50% below resonance. Both operating conditions cause additional losses. However, experimental measurements indicate that the below-resonance operation causes significantly higher losses than above-resonance operation due to much higher primary and secondary transformer currents. It is better to increase the DC-link voltage by 30% of the peak-to-peak low-frequency voltage ripple to mostly avoid below-resonance operation (i.e., from 650 V to 680 V in this case). With the proposed control, the LLC converter operates about 75% of time over resonance and only 25% of time below resonance. The overall efficiency increases from 97.66% to 97.7% for the average operating point with an 80% load current. This corresponds to a 2% total loss reduction. Finally, the peak resonance capacitor voltage decreases from 910 V to 790 V (−13%)."}],"publication":"Electronics","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["adaptive DC-link voltage","cascaded H-bridge","resonant operation","Full-Bridge Converter","loss minimization","LLC Resonant Converter","peak capacitor voltage reduction"],"citation":{"ama":"Unruh R, Böcker J, Schafmeister F. Adaptive DC-Link Voltage Control for 22 kW, 40 kHz LLC Resonant Converter Considering Low-Frequency Voltage Ripple. <i>Electronics</i>. 2025;14(8). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14081517\">10.3390/electronics14081517</a>","ieee":"R. Unruh, J. Böcker, and F. Schafmeister, “Adaptive DC-Link Voltage Control for 22 kW, 40 kHz LLC Resonant Converter Considering Low-Frequency Voltage Ripple,” <i>Electronics</i>, vol. 14, no. 8, Art. no. 1517, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14081517\">10.3390/electronics14081517</a>.","chicago":"Unruh, Roland, Joachim Böcker, and Frank Schafmeister. “Adaptive DC-Link Voltage Control for 22 KW, 40 KHz LLC Resonant Converter Considering Low-Frequency Voltage Ripple.” <i>Electronics</i> 14, no. 8 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14081517\">https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14081517</a>.","apa":"Unruh, R., Böcker, J., &#38; Schafmeister, F. (2025). Adaptive DC-Link Voltage Control for 22 kW, 40 kHz LLC Resonant Converter Considering Low-Frequency Voltage Ripple. <i>Electronics</i>, <i>14</i>(8), Article 1517. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14081517\">https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14081517</a>","mla":"Unruh, Roland, et al. “Adaptive DC-Link Voltage Control for 22 KW, 40 KHz LLC Resonant Converter Considering Low-Frequency Voltage Ripple.” <i>Electronics</i>, vol. 14, no. 8, 1517, MDPI AG, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14081517\">10.3390/electronics14081517</a>.","short":"R. Unruh, J. Böcker, F. Schafmeister, Electronics 14 (2025).","bibtex":"@article{Unruh_Böcker_Schafmeister_2025, title={Adaptive DC-Link Voltage Control for 22 kW, 40 kHz LLC Resonant Converter Considering Low-Frequency Voltage Ripple}, volume={14}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14081517\">10.3390/electronics14081517</a>}, number={81517}, journal={Electronics}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Unruh, Roland and Böcker, Joachim and Schafmeister, Frank}, year={2025} }"},"intvolume":"        14","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2079-9292"]},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/14/8/1517"}],"doi":"10.3390/electronics14081517","author":[{"last_name":"Unruh","full_name":"Unruh, Roland","id":"34289","first_name":"Roland"},{"first_name":"Joachim","last_name":"Böcker","orcid":"0000-0002-8480-7295","full_name":"Böcker, Joachim","id":"66"},{"first_name":"Frank","full_name":"Schafmeister, Frank","id":"71291","last_name":"Schafmeister"}],"volume":14,"date_updated":"2025-05-05T12:34:00Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","article_number":"1517","user_id":"34289","department":[{"_id":"52"}],"_id":"59805"},{"year":"2024","date_created":"2024-05-19T14:26:29Z","publisher":"IEEE","title":"Experimentally Verified 22 kW, 40 kHz LLC Resonant Converter Design with new Control for a 1 MW Cascaded H-Bridge Converter","publication":"ECCE Europe 2024; IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Exposition Europe","abstract":[{"text":"Although there are numerous design and control methodologies for the LLC resonant converter,\r\nthey often do not consider decentralized control strategies to operate them as isolated DC-DC converters within a\r\ncascaded H-bridge. The total output power of all LLC converters must be constant to supply a load such as a wa-\r\nter electrolyzer. However, each individual LLC converter can vary its output power as long as the total output\r\npower remains constant. This opens new possibilities in increasing the system efficiency and robustness. Usually,\r\nthe DC-link voltage of each module capacitor shows a 2nd harmonic voltage ripple. However, the total stored energy\r\nin all DC-link capacitors is constant within a grid period for a balanced three-phase system. By controlling each\r\nLLC converter’s output power locally to be proportional to the energy stored in its DC-link capacitor, modules with\r\na lower instantaneous DC-link voltage transfer less power to the load than modules with a higher DC-link voltage.\r\nAs a result, a higher efficiency, voltage gain and lower peak resonant capacitor voltage can be achieved with the\r\nsame components. The 22.2kW experimental prototype of the LLC converter reaches an efficiency of over 97% at\r\nresonance which is similar to the precalculated value.","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Cascaded H-Bridge","Converter Losses","Decentralized Control","Full-Bridge Converter","LLC Resonant Converter"],"publication_status":"accepted","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["979-8-3503-6444-6"]},"citation":{"ieee":"R. Unruh, J. Böcker, and F. Schafmeister, “Experimentally Verified 22 kW, 40 kHz LLC Resonant Converter Design with new Control for a 1 MW Cascaded H-Bridge Converter,” presented at the ECCE Europe 2024, Darmstadt, Germany, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCEEurope62508.2024.10751954\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCEEurope62508.2024.10751954</a>.","chicago":"Unruh, Roland, Joachim Böcker, and Frank Schafmeister. “Experimentally Verified 22 KW, 40 KHz LLC Resonant Converter Design with New Control for a 1 MW Cascaded H-Bridge Converter.” In <i>ECCE Europe 2024; IEEE Energy Conversion Congress &#38; Exposition Europe</i>. Darmstadt: IEEE, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCEEurope62508.2024.10751954\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCEEurope62508.2024.10751954</a>.","ama":"Unruh R, Böcker J, Schafmeister F. Experimentally Verified 22 kW, 40 kHz LLC Resonant Converter Design with new Control for a 1 MW Cascaded H-Bridge Converter. In: <i>ECCE Europe 2024; IEEE Energy Conversion Congress &#38; Exposition Europe</i>. IEEE. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCEEurope62508.2024.10751954\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCEEurope62508.2024.10751954</a>","short":"R. Unruh, J. Böcker, F. Schafmeister, in: ECCE Europe 2024; IEEE Energy Conversion Congress &#38; Exposition Europe, IEEE, Darmstadt, n.d.","mla":"Unruh, Roland, et al. “Experimentally Verified 22 KW, 40 KHz LLC Resonant Converter Design with New Control for a 1 MW Cascaded H-Bridge Converter.” <i>ECCE Europe 2024; IEEE Energy Conversion Congress &#38; Exposition Europe</i>, IEEE, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCEEurope62508.2024.10751954\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCEEurope62508.2024.10751954</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Unruh_Böcker_Schafmeister, place={Darmstadt}, title={Experimentally Verified 22 kW, 40 kHz LLC Resonant Converter Design with new Control for a 1 MW Cascaded H-Bridge Converter}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCEEurope62508.2024.10751954\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCEEurope62508.2024.10751954</a>}, booktitle={ECCE Europe 2024; IEEE Energy Conversion Congress &#38; Exposition Europe}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Unruh, Roland and Böcker, Joachim and Schafmeister, Frank} }","apa":"Unruh, R., Böcker, J., &#38; Schafmeister, F. (n.d.). Experimentally Verified 22 kW, 40 kHz LLC Resonant Converter Design with new Control for a 1 MW Cascaded H-Bridge Converter. <i>ECCE Europe 2024; IEEE Energy Conversion Congress &#38; Exposition Europe</i>. ECCE Europe 2024, Darmstadt, Germany. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCEEurope62508.2024.10751954\">https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCEEurope62508.2024.10751954</a>"},"place":"Darmstadt","author":[{"last_name":"Unruh","full_name":"Unruh, Roland","id":"34289","first_name":"Roland"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-8480-7295","last_name":"Böcker","id":"66","full_name":"Böcker, Joachim","first_name":"Joachim"},{"first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Schafmeister","id":"71291","full_name":"Schafmeister, Frank"}],"date_updated":"2024-11-28T14:16:05Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10751954"}],"conference":{"start_date":"2024-09-02","name":"ECCE Europe 2024","location":"Darmstadt, Germany","end_date":"2024-09-06"},"doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCEEurope62508.2024.10751954","type":"conference","status":"public","user_id":"34289","department":[{"_id":"52"}],"_id":"54356"},{"doi":"10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570674","conference":{"location":"Ghent, Belgium","end_date":"2021-09-10","start_date":"2021-09-06","name":"23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE Europe)"},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9570674"}],"title":"Frequency-Doubler Modulation for Reduced Junction Temperatures for LLC Resonant Converters Operated in Half-Bridge Configuration","date_created":"2022-02-20T21:29:48Z","author":[{"id":"69469","full_name":"Rehlaender, Philipp","last_name":"Rehlaender","first_name":"Philipp"},{"last_name":"Unruh","full_name":"Unruh, Roland","id":"34289","first_name":"Roland"},{"first_name":"Lars","last_name":"Hankeln","full_name":"Hankeln, Lars"},{"first_name":"Frank","id":"71291","full_name":"Schafmeister, Frank","last_name":"Schafmeister"},{"id":"66","full_name":"Böcker, Joachim","orcid":"0000-0002-8480-7295","last_name":"Böcker","first_name":"Joachim"}],"publisher":"IEEE","date_updated":"2023-02-09T11:01:11Z","citation":{"apa":"Rehlaender, P., Unruh, R., Hankeln, L., Schafmeister, F., &#38; Böcker, J. (2021). Frequency-Doubler Modulation for Reduced Junction Temperatures for LLC Resonant Converters Operated in Half-Bridge Configuration. <i>23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’21 ECCE Europe)</i>. 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’21 ECCE Europe), Ghent, Belgium. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570674\">https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570674</a>","mla":"Rehlaender, Philipp, et al. “Frequency-Doubler Modulation for Reduced Junction Temperatures for LLC Resonant Converters Operated in Half-Bridge Configuration.” <i>23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’21 ECCE Europe)</i>, IEEE, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570674\">10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570674</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Rehlaender_Unruh_Hankeln_Schafmeister_Böcker_2021, title={Frequency-Doubler Modulation for Reduced Junction Temperatures for LLC Resonant Converters Operated in Half-Bridge Configuration}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570674\">10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570674</a>}, booktitle={23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’21 ECCE Europe)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Rehlaender, Philipp and Unruh, Roland and Hankeln, Lars and Schafmeister, Frank and Böcker, Joachim}, year={2021} }","short":"P. Rehlaender, R. Unruh, L. Hankeln, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’21 ECCE Europe), IEEE, 2021.","ieee":"P. Rehlaender, R. Unruh, L. Hankeln, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “Frequency-Doubler Modulation for Reduced Junction Temperatures for LLC Resonant Converters Operated in Half-Bridge Configuration,” presented at the 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’21 ECCE Europe), Ghent, Belgium, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570674\">10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570674</a>.","chicago":"Rehlaender, Philipp, Roland Unruh, Lars Hankeln, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim Böcker. “Frequency-Doubler Modulation for Reduced Junction Temperatures for LLC Resonant Converters Operated in Half-Bridge Configuration.” In <i>23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’21 ECCE Europe)</i>. IEEE, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570674\">https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570674</a>.","ama":"Rehlaender P, Unruh R, Hankeln L, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. Frequency-Doubler Modulation for Reduced Junction Temperatures for LLC Resonant Converters Operated in Half-Bridge Configuration. In: <i>23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’21 ECCE Europe)</i>. IEEE; 2021. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570674\">10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570674</a>"},"year":"2021","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-9-0758-1537-5"]},"publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Resonant converter","High frequency power converter","Switched-mode power supply","Converter control","Control methods for electrical systems"],"department":[{"_id":"34"},{"_id":"52"}],"user_id":"34289","_id":"29899","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"LLC resonant converters are typically unsuitable to be applied for wide voltage-transfer ratio applications. With a full-bridge inverter, however, they can be operated in a variety of different modulations. Most notably, by permanently turning on one MOSFET and turning off the other MOSFET of the same bridge leg, the LLC can be operated in half-bridge configuration reducing the gain by a factor of two. The resonant capacitor is hereby charged to an average voltage of half the input voltage. In this modulation, however, the switch that is permanently turned on is stressed by the complete resonant current while exhibiting no switching losses. This paper proves that the frequency-doubler modulation can better balance the losses among all MOSFETs and should be the preferred mode of operation favored over the conventional half-bridge modulation. This paper analyzes the beneficial loss distribution, proposes an on-the-fly morphing modulation and discusses potential operating strategies to further reduce the junction temperature. Furthermore, it is shown that this modulation can also be altered to achieve the asymmetrical LLC operation. Experimental measurement results show that the modulation results in a substantial decrease of the maximum MOSFET temperature and shows that the converter can be smoothly transitioned during operation from full-bridge modulation to the frequency-doubler half-bridge operation and back.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE Europe)","type":"conference"},{"citation":{"ieee":"R. Unruh, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “Evaluation of MMCs for High-Power Low-Voltage DC-Applications in Combination with the Module LLC-Design,” presented at the 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’20 ECCE Europe), Lyon, France, 2020, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.23919/epe20ecceeurope43536.2020.9215687\">10.23919/epe20ecceeurope43536.2020.9215687</a>.","chicago":"Unruh, Roland, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim Böcker. “Evaluation of MMCs for High-Power Low-Voltage DC-Applications in Combination with the Module LLC-Design.” In <i>2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’20 ECCE Europe)</i>. IEEE, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.23919/epe20ecceeurope43536.2020.9215687\">https://doi.org/10.23919/epe20ecceeurope43536.2020.9215687</a>.","ama":"Unruh R, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. Evaluation of MMCs for High-Power Low-Voltage DC-Applications in Combination with the Module LLC-Design. In: <i>2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’20 ECCE Europe)</i>. IEEE; 2020. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.23919/epe20ecceeurope43536.2020.9215687\">10.23919/epe20ecceeurope43536.2020.9215687</a>","apa":"Unruh, R., Schafmeister, F., &#38; Böcker, J. (2020). Evaluation of MMCs for High-Power Low-Voltage DC-Applications in Combination with the Module LLC-Design. <i>2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’20 ECCE Europe)</i>. 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’20 ECCE Europe), Lyon, France. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.23919/epe20ecceeurope43536.2020.9215687\">https://doi.org/10.23919/epe20ecceeurope43536.2020.9215687</a>","short":"R. Unruh, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: 2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’20 ECCE Europe), IEEE, 2020.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Unruh_Schafmeister_Böcker_2020, title={Evaluation of MMCs for High-Power Low-Voltage DC-Applications in Combination with the Module LLC-Design}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.23919/epe20ecceeurope43536.2020.9215687\">10.23919/epe20ecceeurope43536.2020.9215687</a>}, booktitle={2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’20 ECCE Europe)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Unruh, Roland and Schafmeister, Frank and Böcker, Joachim}, year={2020} }","mla":"Unruh, Roland, et al. “Evaluation of MMCs for High-Power Low-Voltage DC-Applications in Combination with the Module LLC-Design.” <i>2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’20 ECCE Europe)</i>, IEEE, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.23919/epe20ecceeurope43536.2020.9215687\">10.23919/epe20ecceeurope43536.2020.9215687</a>."},"year":"2020","publication_status":"published","conference":{"end_date":"2020-09-11","location":"Lyon, France","name":"22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'20 ECCE Europe)","start_date":"2020-09-07"},"doi":"10.23919/epe20ecceeurope43536.2020.9215687","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9215687"}],"title":"Evaluation of MMCs for High-Power Low-Voltage DC-Applications in Combination with the Module LLC-Design","date_created":"2022-02-21T16:33:14Z","author":[{"last_name":"Unruh","id":"34289","full_name":"Unruh, Roland","first_name":"Roland"},{"full_name":"Schafmeister, Frank","id":"71291","last_name":"Schafmeister","first_name":"Frank"},{"id":"66","full_name":"Böcker, Joachim","last_name":"Böcker","orcid":"0000-0002-8480-7295","first_name":"Joachim"}],"date_updated":"2022-02-21T17:00:16Z","publisher":"IEEE","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"In this paper, a full-bridge modular multilevel converter (MMC) and two half-bridge-based MMCs are evaluated for high-current low-voltage e.g. 100 - 400V DC-applications such as electrolysis, arc welding or datacenters with DC-power distribution. Usually, modular multilevel converters are used in high-voltage DC-applications (HVDC) in the multiple kV-range, but to meet the needs of a high-current demand at low output voltage levels, the modular converter concept requires adaptations. In the proposed concept, the MMC is used to step-down the three-phase medium-voltage of 10kV, and provide up to 1 MW to the load. Therefore, each module is extended by an LLC resonant converter to adapt to the specific electrolyzers DC-voltage range of 142 - 220V and to provide galvanic isolation. The six-arm MMC converter with half-bridge modules can be simplified and optimized by removing three arms, and thus halving the number of modules. In addition, the module voltage ripple and capacitor losses are decreased by 22% and 30% respectively. By rearranging the components of the half-bridge MMC to build a MMC consisting of grid-side full-bridge modules, the voltage ripple is further reduced by 78% and capacitor losses by 64%, while ensuring identical costs and volume for all MMCs. Finally, the LLC resonant converter is designed for the most efficient full-bridge MMC. The LLC can not operate at resonance with a fixed nominal module voltage of 770V because the output voltage is varying between 142 - 220V. By decreasing the module voltage down to 600V, additional points of operation can be operated in resonance, and the remaining are closer to resonance. The option to decrease the module voltage down to 600V, increases the number of required modules per arm from 12 to 15, which requires to balance the losses of the LLCs and the grid-side stages.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'20 ECCE Europe)","type":"conference","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Multilevel converters","Resonant converter","High voltage power converters","ZVS Converters","Combination MMC LLC"],"department":[{"_id":"52"}],"user_id":"34289","_id":"29939"},{"status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"Although there are numerous design methodologies for the LLC resonant converter, they often do not consider the possibility of input voltage adjustment. In the proposed concept, a modular multi-level converter (MMC) is used to step-down the three-phase medium voltage of 10 kV, and provide up to 1 MW of pure DC power to the load consisting of electrolyzers for hydrogen generation. Therefore, each module is extended by an LLC resonant converter to adapt to the specific electrolyzers DC voltage range of 142...220 V and to provide galvanic isolation. In order to achieve a high efficiency for a wide range of load conditions, the input voltage of the LLC converter is adjusted between 600 V and 770 V while operating at resonance or close to resonance. The parameters of the 11kW LLC resonant converter with an integrated leakage inductance are systematically optimized to maximize the efficiency for all loads while achieving zero-voltage switching. For a fast estimation of eddy current losses, a new method is proposed, which uses a single FEM simulation to fit newly developed loss equations. The calculated average efficiency is 97.8%. The prototype of the LLC converter reaches a peak efficiency of over 98% at resonance at half load which is similar to the precalculated value.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"conference","publication":"2020 IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL)","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Full-bridge","High voltage power converters","LLC resonant converter","Multilevel converters","ZVS Converters"],"user_id":"34289","department":[{"_id":"52"}],"_id":"29880","citation":{"apa":"Unruh, R., Schafmeister, F., &#38; Böcker, J. (2020). 11kW, 70kHz LLC Converter Design with Adaptive Input Voltage for 98% Efficiency in an MMC. <i>2020 IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL)</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/compel49091.2020.9265771\">https://doi.org/10.1109/compel49091.2020.9265771</a>","short":"R. Unruh, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: 2020 IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), IEEE, 2020.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Unruh_Schafmeister_Böcker_2020, title={11kW, 70kHz LLC Converter Design with Adaptive Input Voltage for 98% Efficiency in an MMC}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/compel49091.2020.9265771\">10.1109/compel49091.2020.9265771</a>}, booktitle={2020 IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Unruh, Roland and Schafmeister, Frank and Böcker, Joachim}, year={2020} }","mla":"Unruh, Roland, et al. “11kW, 70kHz LLC Converter Design with Adaptive Input Voltage for 98% Efficiency in an MMC.” <i>2020 IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL)</i>, IEEE, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/compel49091.2020.9265771\">10.1109/compel49091.2020.9265771</a>.","ama":"Unruh R, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. 11kW, 70kHz LLC Converter Design with Adaptive Input Voltage for 98% Efficiency in an MMC. In: <i>2020 IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL)</i>. IEEE; 2020. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/compel49091.2020.9265771\">10.1109/compel49091.2020.9265771</a>","chicago":"Unruh, Roland, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim Böcker. “11kW, 70kHz LLC Converter Design with Adaptive Input Voltage for 98% Efficiency in an MMC.” In <i>2020 IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL)</i>. IEEE, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/compel49091.2020.9265771\">https://doi.org/10.1109/compel49091.2020.9265771</a>.","ieee":"R. Unruh, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “11kW, 70kHz LLC Converter Design with Adaptive Input Voltage for 98% Efficiency in an MMC,” 2020, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/compel49091.2020.9265771\">10.1109/compel49091.2020.9265771</a>."},"year":"2020","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"unknown":["978-1-7281-7160-9"]},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9265771"}],"conference":{"end_date":"2020-11-12","start_date":"2020-11-09"},"doi":"10.1109/compel49091.2020.9265771","title":"11kW, 70kHz LLC Converter Design with Adaptive Input Voltage for 98% Efficiency in an MMC","author":[{"first_name":"Roland","id":"34289","full_name":"Unruh, Roland","last_name":"Unruh"},{"first_name":"Frank","full_name":"Schafmeister, Frank","id":"71291","last_name":"Schafmeister"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-8480-7295","last_name":"Böcker","full_name":"Böcker, Joachim","id":"66","first_name":"Joachim"}],"date_created":"2022-02-18T16:29:08Z","publisher":"IEEE","date_updated":"2024-11-28T14:19:07Z"}]