--- _id: '58806' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'The present paper has two objectives. First, it explicates the story, initially portrayed by Eckart Förster, that philosophy allegedly started with publishing of Kant’s CPR and ended a quarter century later when Hegel’s Phenomenology of Mind appeared. We address the questions in what sense this happened and how is this development to be interpreted? Secondly, we demonstrate that similar radical transition from new, “true” beginning of philosophy to its apparent finishing took place in two other, high profile occasions in the history of Western philosophy, in two key points of its development: in the years 390-365 bc, between the early and the late Plato, and between 1898 and 1922, between Russell and Wittgenstein’s Tractatus. These three short-lived, spectacular transitions from philosophy’s alleged start to its alleged ultimate accomplishment give us good reason to speak about a specific 25-years principle in philosophy. In a peculiar way, this principle reveals philosophy’s true nature.' article_type: original author: - first_name: Nikolay full_name: Milkov, Nikolay id: '357' last_name: Milkov citation: ama: 'Milkov N. Philosophy’s 25-Years Principle: Philosophy between Intuitive Understanding and Discursive Reasoning. Journal of Research in Philosophy and History. 2025;8(1):36-43. doi:10.22158/jrph.v8n1p36' apa: 'Milkov, N. (2025). Philosophy’s 25-Years Principle: Philosophy between Intuitive Understanding and Discursive Reasoning. Journal of Research in Philosophy and History, 8(1), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.22158/jrph.v8n1p36' bibtex: '@article{Milkov_2025, title={Philosophy’s 25-Years Principle: Philosophy between Intuitive Understanding and Discursive Reasoning}, volume={8}, DOI={10.22158/jrph.v8n1p36}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Research in Philosophy and History}, publisher={SCHOLINK INC.}, author={Milkov, Nikolay}, year={2025}, pages={36–43} }' chicago: 'Milkov, Nikolay. “Philosophy’s 25-Years Principle: Philosophy between Intuitive Understanding and Discursive Reasoning.” Journal of Research in Philosophy and History 8, no. 1 (2025): 36–43. https://doi.org/10.22158/jrph.v8n1p36.' ieee: 'N. Milkov, “Philosophy’s 25-Years Principle: Philosophy between Intuitive Understanding and Discursive Reasoning,” Journal of Research in Philosophy and History, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 36–43, 2025, doi: 10.22158/jrph.v8n1p36.' mla: 'Milkov, Nikolay. “Philosophy’s 25-Years Principle: Philosophy between Intuitive Understanding and Discursive Reasoning.” Journal of Research in Philosophy and History, vol. 8, no. 1, SCHOLINK INC., 2025, pp. 36–43, doi:10.22158/jrph.v8n1p36.' short: N. Milkov, Journal of Research in Philosophy and History 8 (2025) 36–43. conference: end_date: 2024-08-08 location: Rome, Italy name: 25th World Congress of Philosophy start_date: 2024-08-02 date_created: 2025-02-24T10:24:15Z date_updated: 2025-02-24T10:24:30Z department: - _id: '14' doi: 10.22158/jrph.v8n1p36 intvolume: ' 8' issue: '1' keyword: - Aristotle - Hegel - Kant - Plato - Russell - Wittgenstein language: - iso: eng page: 36-43 publication: Journal of Research in Philosophy and History publication_identifier: eissn: - 2576-2435 issn: - 2576-2451 publication_status: published publisher: SCHOLINK INC. quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Philosophy’s 25-Years Principle: Philosophy between Intuitive Understanding and Discursive Reasoning' type: journal_article user_id: '357' volume: 8 year: '2025' ... --- _id: '58822' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'In 1921, John Wisdom (1904–1993) became a member of Fitzwilliam House, Cambridge, where he read philosophy and attended lectures by G. E. Moore, C. D. Broad, and J. E. McTaggart. He received his BA in 1924, after which he worked for five years at the National Institute of Industrial Psychology. From 1929 to 1934, Wisdom was a Lecturer in the department of logic and metaphysics at the University of St Andrews and a colleague of G. F. Stout. After the publication of his book Interpretation and Analysis (1931) and five articles on “Logical Constructions” in Mind (1931–3), Wisdom became a Lecturer in Moral Sciences in Cambridge and a Fellow of Trinity College. This gave him the opportunity to gain first-hand knowledge of Wittgenstein’s philosophy. Since nothing by Wittgenstein but Tractatus appeared in print for decades, Wisdom’s publications of these years were—mistakenly—read as portents of the new ideas of Wittgenstein himself. The publication of Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations in 1953 brought with it, among other things, the fall of Wisdom’s popularity. ' author: - first_name: Nikolay full_name: Milkov, Nikolay id: '357' last_name: Milkov citation: ama: 'Milkov N. Wisdom’s Wittgenstein. In: Khani AH, Kemp G, eds. Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: His Influence on Historical and Contemporary Analytic Philosophers, 2 Vol., Volume II. 1st ed. Routledge.' apa: 'Milkov, N. (n.d.). Wisdom’s Wittgenstein. In A. H. Khani & G. Kemp (Eds.), Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: His Influence on Historical and Contemporary Analytic Philosophers, 2 vol., Volume II (1st ed.). Routledge.' bibtex: '@inbook{Milkov, place={London}, edition={1}, title={Wisdom’s Wittgenstein}, booktitle={Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: His Influence on Historical and Contemporary Analytic Philosophers, 2 vol., Volume II}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Milkov, Nikolay}, editor={Khani , Ali Hossein and Kemp , Gary } }' chicago: 'Milkov, Nikolay. “Wisdom’s Wittgenstein.” In Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: His Influence on Historical and Contemporary Analytic Philosophers, 2 Vol., Volume II, edited by Ali Hossein Khani and Gary Kemp , 1st ed. London: Routledge, n.d.' ieee: 'N. Milkov, “Wisdom’s Wittgenstein,” in Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: His Influence on Historical and Contemporary Analytic Philosophers, 2 vol., Volume II, 1st ed., A. H. Khani and G. Kemp , Eds. London: Routledge.' mla: 'Milkov, Nikolay. “Wisdom’s Wittgenstein.” Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: His Influence on Historical and Contemporary Analytic Philosophers, 2 Vol., Volume II, edited by Ali Hossein Khani and Gary Kemp , 1st ed., Routledge.' short: 'N. Milkov, in: A.H. Khani , G. Kemp (Eds.), Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: His Influence on Historical and Contemporary Analytic Philosophers, 2 Vol., Volume II, 1st ed., Routledge, London, n.d.' date_created: 2025-02-24T18:33:50Z date_updated: 2025-02-24T18:38:38Z department: - _id: '14' edition: '1' editor: - first_name: 'Ali Hossein ' full_name: 'Khani , Ali Hossein ' last_name: 'Khani ' - first_name: 'Gary ' full_name: 'Kemp , Gary ' last_name: 'Kemp ' keyword: - elucidation - facts - Frege - language - metaphysics - G. E. Moore - Russell - Stebbing - John Wisdom - Wittgenstein language: - iso: eng place: London publication: 'Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: His Influence on Historical and Contemporary Analytic Philosophers, 2 vol., Volume II' publication_status: inpress publisher: Routledge quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Wisdom's Wittgenstein type: book_chapter user_id: '357' year: '2025' ... --- _id: '58821' abstract: - lang: eng text: Susan Stebbing wrote only once on Wittgenstein, in her paper ‘Logical Positivism and Analysis’ (1933). The paper was unusually critical of Wittgenstein. It put the Cambridge analytic philosophy of Moore and Russell in a sharp opposition to the positivist philosophy of the Vienna Circle, in which Stebbing included Wittgenstein. Whereas the positivists were interested in analysing language, the Cambridge realists were analysing facts. To be more explicit, the analytic philosophers were engaged in directional analysis, which seeks to illuminate (to elucidate) the multiplicity of the analysed facts. In contrast, positivists aimed at a final analysis that proves that there are simples. Stebbing’s sympathies were clearly on the side of the Cambridge realists. The important implication of Stebbing’s paper was that it urged Wittgenstein to change the style of his philosophy, abandoning those points which allegedly connected him with the Vienna Circle. author: - first_name: Nikolay full_name: Milkov, Nikolay id: '357' last_name: Milkov citation: ama: 'Milkov N. Stebbing’s Wittgenstein. In: Khani AH, Kemp G, eds. Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: His Influence on Historical and Contemporary Analytic Philosophers, Vol. II. 1st ed. Routledge.' apa: 'Milkov, N. (n.d.). Stebbing’s Wittgenstein. In A. H. Khani & G. Kemp (Eds.), Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: His Influence on Historical and Contemporary Analytic Philosophers, vol. II (1st ed.). Routledge.' bibtex: '@inbook{Milkov, place={London}, edition={1}, title={Stebbing’s Wittgenstein}, booktitle={Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: His Influence on Historical and Contemporary Analytic Philosophers, vol. II}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Milkov, Nikolay}, editor={Khani , Ali Hossein and Kemp , Gary } }' chicago: 'Milkov, Nikolay. “Stebbing’s Wittgenstein.” In Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: His Influence on Historical and Contemporary Analytic Philosophers, Vol. II, edited by Ali Hossein Khani and Gary Kemp , 1st ed. London: Routledge, n.d.' ieee: 'N. Milkov, “Stebbing’s Wittgenstein,” in Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: His Influence on Historical and Contemporary Analytic Philosophers, vol. II, 1st ed., A. H. Khani and G. Kemp , Eds. London: Routledge.' mla: 'Milkov, Nikolay. “Stebbing’s Wittgenstein.” Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: His Influence on Historical and Contemporary Analytic Philosophers, Vol. II, edited by Ali Hossein Khani and Gary Kemp , 1st ed., Routledge.' short: 'N. Milkov, in: A.H. Khani , G. Kemp (Eds.), Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: His Influence on Historical and Contemporary Analytic Philosophers, Vol. II, 1st ed., Routledge, London, n.d.' date_created: 2025-02-24T18:29:59Z date_updated: 2025-02-24T18:30:06Z ddc: - '100' department: - _id: '14' edition: '1' editor: - first_name: 'Ali Hossein ' full_name: 'Khani , Ali Hossein ' last_name: 'Khani ' - first_name: 'Gary ' full_name: 'Kemp , Gary ' last_name: 'Kemp ' keyword: - directional analysis - elucidation - facts - metaphysics - G. E. Moore - Russell - Stebbing - John Wisdom - Wittgenstein language: - iso: eng place: London publication: 'Wittgenstein and Other Philosophers: His Influence on Historical and Contemporary Analytic Philosophers, vol. II' publication_status: inpress publisher: Routledge quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Stebbing's Wittgenstein type: book_chapter user_id: '357' year: '2025' ... --- _id: '55236' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'From 1901 to 1919, Russell persistently maintained that there were two kinds of logic and distinguished between one and the other as mathematical logic and philosophical logic. In this paper, we discuss the concept of philosophical logic, as used by Russell. This was only a tentative program that Russell did not clarify in detail; therefore, our task will be to make it explicit. We shall show that there are three (-and-a-half) kinds of Russellian philosophical logic: (i) “pure logic”; (ii) philosophical logic investigating the logical forms of propositions; (iii) philosophical logic exploring the logical forms of facts: in epistemology and in the external world. In particular, Russell’s program or philosophical logic of the facts of the external world remained less than sketchily outlined. ' author: - first_name: Nikolay full_name: Milkov, Nikolay id: '357' last_name: Milkov citation: ama: Milkov N. Bertrand Russell’s Philosophical Logic and its Logical Forms. Athens Journal of Philosophy. 2023;2(3):193-209. doi:10.30958/ajphil.2-3-3 apa: Milkov, N. (2023). Bertrand Russell’s Philosophical Logic and its Logical Forms. Athens Journal of Philosophy, 2(3), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajphil.2-3-3 bibtex: '@article{Milkov_2023, title={Bertrand Russell’s Philosophical Logic and its Logical Forms}, volume={2}, DOI={10.30958/ajphil.2-3-3}, number={3}, journal={Athens Journal of Philosophy}, author={Milkov, Nikolay}, year={2023}, pages={193–209} }' chicago: 'Milkov, Nikolay. “Bertrand Russell’s Philosophical Logic and Its Logical Forms.” Athens Journal of Philosophy 2, no. 3 (2023): 193–209. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajphil.2-3-3.' ieee: 'N. Milkov, “Bertrand Russell’s Philosophical Logic and its Logical Forms,” Athens Journal of Philosophy, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 193–209, 2023, doi: 10.30958/ajphil.2-3-3.' mla: Milkov, Nikolay. “Bertrand Russell’s Philosophical Logic and Its Logical Forms.” Athens Journal of Philosophy, vol. 2, no. 3, 2023, pp. 193–209, doi:10.30958/ajphil.2-3-3. short: N. Milkov, Athens Journal of Philosophy 2 (2023) 193–209. date_created: 2024-07-14T16:27:50Z date_updated: 2025-02-24T18:47:46Z department: - _id: '520' - _id: '813' doi: 10.30958/ajphil.2-3-3 intvolume: ' 2' issue: '3' keyword: - Russell - mathematical logic - philosophical logic - Wittgenstein language: - iso: eng page: 193-209 publication: Athens Journal of Philosophy publication_status: published status: public title: Bertrand Russell’s Philosophical Logic and its Logical Forms type: journal_article user_id: '357' volume: 2 year: '2023' ...