---
_id: '61057'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Verification and Validation (V&V) are essential processes in engineering Cyber-Physical
    Systems. However, the role of V&V engineers is often not given sufficient attention.
    Based on a systematic literature analysis and practical observations, a four-step
    method for Test-oriented Resilient Requirements Engineering (ToRRE) is developed.
    The steps are planning V&V, executing V&V activities, documenting V&V activities
    and analyzing results of V&V activities. Applying ToRRE ensures continuous information
    flow and traceability. Engineers are enabled to analyze requirements using engineering
    artifacts connected through Model-Based Systems Engineering. Adopting methods
    for Model-Based Effect Chain analysis to evaluated test cases and test scenarios,
    conclusions on requirements engineering and change management are enabled. The
    method is evaluated in an EU research project.
author:
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Gräßler, Iris
  id: '47565'
  last_name: Gräßler
  orcid: 0000-0001-5765-971X
- first_name: Marcel
  full_name: Ebel, Marcel
  id: '81788'
  last_name: Ebel
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5400-4436
citation:
  ama: 'Gräßler I, Ebel M. Test-oriented Resilient Requirements Engineering (ToRRE):
    extending model-based effect chain analysis to verification objectives. In: <i>Proceedings
    of the Design Society</i>. Vol 5. Cambridge University Press (CUP); 2025:3031-3040.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2025.10317">10.1017/pds.2025.10317</a>'
  apa: 'Gräßler, I., &#38; Ebel, M. (2025). Test-oriented Resilient Requirements Engineering
    (ToRRE): extending model-based effect chain analysis to verification objectives.
    <i>Proceedings of the Design Society</i>, <i>5</i>, 3031–3040. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2025.10317">https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2025.10317</a>'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Gräßler_Ebel_2025, title={Test-oriented Resilient Requirements
    Engineering (ToRRE): extending model-based effect chain analysis to verification
    objectives}, volume={5}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2025.10317">10.1017/pds.2025.10317</a>},
    booktitle={Proceedings of the Design Society}, publisher={Cambridge University
    Press (CUP)}, author={Gräßler, Iris and Ebel, Marcel}, year={2025}, pages={3031–3040}
    }'
  chicago: 'Gräßler, Iris, and Marcel Ebel. “Test-Oriented Resilient Requirements
    Engineering (ToRRE): Extending Model-Based Effect Chain Analysis to Verification
    Objectives.” In <i>Proceedings of the Design Society</i>, 5:3031–40. Cambridge
    University Press (CUP), 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2025.10317">https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2025.10317</a>.'
  ieee: 'I. Gräßler and M. Ebel, “Test-oriented Resilient Requirements Engineering
    (ToRRE): extending model-based effect chain analysis to verification objectives,”
    in <i>Proceedings of the Design Society</i>, Dallas, Texas, USA, 2025, vol. 5,
    pp. 3031–3040, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2025.10317">10.1017/pds.2025.10317</a>.'
  mla: 'Gräßler, Iris, and Marcel Ebel. “Test-Oriented Resilient Requirements Engineering
    (ToRRE): Extending Model-Based Effect Chain Analysis to Verification Objectives.”
    <i>Proceedings of the Design Society</i>, vol. 5, Cambridge University Press (CUP),
    2025, pp. 3031–40, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2025.10317">10.1017/pds.2025.10317</a>.'
  short: 'I. Gräßler, M. Ebel, in: Proceedings of the Design Society, Cambridge University
    Press (CUP), 2025, pp. 3031–3040.'
conference:
  end_date: 2025-08-14
  location: Dallas, Texas, USA
  name: 25th International Conference on Engineering Design
  start_date: 2025-08-11
date_created: 2025-08-28T12:53:19Z
date_updated: 2025-08-28T13:14:46Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '152'
doi: 10.1017/pds.2025.10317
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         5'
keyword:
- systems engineering (SE)
- product modelling/models
- design methods
- verification & validation
- test cases & test scenarios
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-design-society/article/testoriented-resilient-requirements-engineering-torre-extending-modelbased-effect-chain-analysis-to-verification-objectives/F1D33C094BAAF635E4E03519E15A4C08
oa: '1'
page: 3031-3040
project:
- _id: '516'
  name: 'CREXDATA: Kritische Maßnahmenplanung über extreme Datenmengen'
publication: Proceedings of the Design Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2732-527X
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Test-oriented Resilient Requirements Engineering (ToRRE): extending model-based
  effect chain analysis to verification objectives'
type: conference
user_id: '81788'
volume: 5
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '58236'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>In the engineering of complex technical systems, Systems Engineering
    (SE) is a key approach that is becoming increasingly relevant in more and more
    industries due to the ever-increasing complexity of systems. Over the decades
    of practical application and research, various specializations and forms of the
    Systems Engineering approach have developed, but there has so far been a lack
    of an overarching context and positioning in meaningful stages for the introduction
    of Systems Engineering in companies. For this reason, this research will systematize
    common Systems Engineering approaches and bring them together in a stage model
    for Systems Engineering. Based on a systematic literature review, use cases are
    identified for each approach and stage, which support companies in selecting an
    approach suitable for their own organization.</jats:p>
article_number: '53'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Gräßler, Iris
  id: '47565'
  last_name: Gräßler
  orcid: 0000-0001-5765-971X
- first_name: Benedikt
  full_name: Grewe, Benedikt
  id: '52359'
  last_name: Grewe
citation:
  ama: 'Gräßler I, Grewe B. Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis and Characterization
    of Systems Engineering Approaches. <i>Systems</i>. 2025;13(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">10.3390/systems13010053</a>'
  apa: 'Gräßler, I., &#38; Grewe, B. (2025). Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis
    and Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches. <i>Systems</i>, <i>13</i>(1),
    Article 53. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Gräßler_Grewe_2025, title={Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis
    and Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches}, volume={13}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">10.3390/systems13010053</a>}, number={153},
    journal={Systems}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Gräßler, Iris and Grewe, Benedikt},
    year={2025} }'
  chicago: 'Gräßler, Iris, and Benedikt Grewe. “Stages of Systems Engineering: An
    Analysis and Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches.” <i>Systems</i>
    13, no. 1 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053</a>.'
  ieee: 'I. Gräßler and B. Grewe, “Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis and
    Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches,” <i>Systems</i>, vol. 13,
    no. 1, Art. no. 53, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">10.3390/systems13010053</a>.'
  mla: 'Gräßler, Iris, and Benedikt Grewe. “Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis
    and Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches.” <i>Systems</i>, vol.
    13, no. 1, 53, MDPI AG, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">10.3390/systems13010053</a>.'
  short: I. Gräßler, B. Grewe, Systems 13 (2025).
date_created: 2025-01-17T09:17:15Z
date_updated: 2025-11-11T06:11:22Z
department:
- _id: '152'
doi: 10.3390/systems13010053
intvolume: '        13'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Systems Engineering Transformation
- maturity
- Systems Engineering stages
- approaches
- SE
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/1/53
publication: Systems
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2079-8954
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis and Characterization of Systems
  Engineering Approaches'
type: journal_article
user_id: '52359'
volume: 13
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '56166'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Developing Intelligent Technical Systems (ITS) involves a complex process
    encompassing planning, analysis, design, production, and maintenance. Model-Based
    Systems Engineering (MBSE) is a key methodology for systematic systems engineering.
    Designing models for ITS requires harmonious interaction of various elements,
    posing a challenge in MBSE. Leveraging Generative Artificial Intelligence, we
    generated a dataset for modeling, using prompt engineering on large language models.
    The generated artifacts can aid engineers in MBSE design or serve as synthetic
    training data for AI assistants.
author:
- first_name: Pranav Jayant
  full_name: Kulkarni, Pranav Jayant
  id: '86782'
  last_name: Kulkarni
- first_name: Denis
  full_name: Tissen, Denis
  id: '44458'
  last_name: Tissen
- first_name: Ruslan
  full_name: Bernijazov, Ruslan
  id: '36312'
  last_name: Bernijazov
- first_name: Roman
  full_name: Dumitrescu, Roman
  id: '16190'
  last_name: Dumitrescu
citation:
  ama: 'Kulkarni PJ, Tissen D, Bernijazov R, Dumitrescu R. Towards Automated Design:
    Automatically Generating Modeling Elements with Prompt Engineering and Generative
    Artificial Intelligence. In: Malmqvist J, Candi M, Saemundsson R, Bystrom F, Isaksson
    O, eds. <i>DS 130: Proceedings of NordDesign 2024</i>. ; 2024:617-625. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.35199/NORDDESIGN2024.66">10.35199/NORDDESIGN2024.66</a>'
  apa: 'Kulkarni, P. J., Tissen, D., Bernijazov, R., &#38; Dumitrescu, R. (2024).
    Towards Automated Design: Automatically Generating Modeling Elements with Prompt
    Engineering and Generative Artificial Intelligence. In J. Malmqvist, M. Candi,
    R. Saemundsson, F. Bystrom, &#38; O. Isaksson (Eds.), <i>DS 130: Proceedings of
    NordDesign 2024</i> (pp. 617–625). <a href="https://doi.org/10.35199/NORDDESIGN2024.66">https://doi.org/10.35199/NORDDESIGN2024.66</a>'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Kulkarni_Tissen_Bernijazov_Dumitrescu_2024, title={Towards
    Automated Design: Automatically Generating Modeling Elements with Prompt Engineering
    and Generative Artificial Intelligence}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.35199/NORDDESIGN2024.66">10.35199/NORDDESIGN2024.66</a>},
    booktitle={DS 130: Proceedings of NordDesign 2024}, author={Kulkarni, Pranav Jayant
    and Tissen, Denis and Bernijazov, Ruslan and Dumitrescu, Roman}, editor={Malmqvist,
    J. and Candi, M. and Saemundsson, R. and Bystrom, F. and Isaksson, O.}, year={2024},
    pages={617–625} }'
  chicago: 'Kulkarni, Pranav Jayant, Denis Tissen, Ruslan Bernijazov, and Roman Dumitrescu.
    “Towards Automated Design: Automatically Generating Modeling Elements with Prompt
    Engineering and Generative Artificial Intelligence.” In <i>DS 130: Proceedings
    of NordDesign 2024</i>, edited by J. Malmqvist, M. Candi, R. Saemundsson, F. Bystrom,
    and O. Isaksson, 617–25, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.35199/NORDDESIGN2024.66">https://doi.org/10.35199/NORDDESIGN2024.66</a>.'
  ieee: 'P. J. Kulkarni, D. Tissen, R. Bernijazov, and R. Dumitrescu, “Towards Automated
    Design: Automatically Generating Modeling Elements with Prompt Engineering and
    Generative Artificial Intelligence,” in <i>DS 130: Proceedings of NordDesign 2024</i>,
    Reykjavik, 2024, pp. 617–625, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.35199/NORDDESIGN2024.66">10.35199/NORDDESIGN2024.66</a>.'
  mla: 'Kulkarni, Pranav Jayant, et al. “Towards Automated Design: Automatically Generating
    Modeling Elements with Prompt Engineering and Generative Artificial Intelligence.”
    <i>DS 130: Proceedings of NordDesign 2024</i>, edited by J. Malmqvist et al.,
    2024, pp. 617–25, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.35199/NORDDESIGN2024.66">10.35199/NORDDESIGN2024.66</a>.'
  short: 'P.J. Kulkarni, D. Tissen, R. Bernijazov, R. Dumitrescu, in: J. Malmqvist,
    M. Candi, R. Saemundsson, F. Bystrom, O. Isaksson (Eds.), DS 130: Proceedings
    of NordDesign 2024, 2024, pp. 617–625.'
conference:
  end_date: 2024-08-14
  location: Reykjavik
  name: NordDesign Conference 2024
  start_date: 2024-08-12
date_created: 2024-09-17T09:56:43Z
date_updated: 2024-09-17T09:57:07Z
doi: 10.35199/NORDDESIGN2024.66
editor:
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Malmqvist, J.
  last_name: Malmqvist
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Candi, M.
  last_name: Candi
- first_name: R.
  full_name: Saemundsson, R.
  last_name: Saemundsson
- first_name: F.
  full_name: Bystrom, F.
  last_name: Bystrom
- first_name: O.
  full_name: Isaksson, O.
  last_name: Isaksson
keyword:
- Data Driven Design
- Design Automation
- Systems Engineering (SE)
- Artificial Intelligence (AI)
language:
- iso: eng
page: 617-625
publication: 'DS 130: Proceedings of NordDesign 2024'
publication_identifier:
  unknown:
  - 978-1-912254-21-7
publication_status: epub_ahead
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: confirmation
    url: https://www.designsociety.org/publication/47658/Towards+Automated+Design%3A+Automatically+Generating+Modeling+Elements+with+Prompt+Engineering+and+Generative+Artificial+Intelligence
status: public
title: 'Towards Automated Design: Automatically Generating Modeling Elements with
  Prompt Engineering and Generative Artificial Intelligence'
type: conference
user_id: '86782'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '32174'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Increasing system complexity can
    be controlled by using systems engineering processes. INCOSE defines processes
    with inputs and outputs (artifacts) for this purpose. Specific SE roles are used
    to organize the tasks of the processes within the company. In this work, the responsibilities
    for artifacts are evaluated by means of the RACI scheme and examined by a cluster
    analysis and discussed for a SE transformation project with a German automotive
    OEM. As a result of the study, the optimal composition for systems engineering
    teams is identified and the systems engineering roles are prioritized.</jats:p>
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Gräßler, Iris
  id: '47565'
  last_name: Gräßler
  orcid: 0000-0001-5765-971X
- first_name: Henrik
  full_name: Thiele, Henrik
  id: '33419'
  last_name: Thiele
- first_name: Benedikt
  full_name: Grewe, Benedikt
  id: '52359'
  last_name: Grewe
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Hieb, Michael
  id: '72252'
  last_name: Hieb
citation:
  ama: Gräßler I, Thiele H, Grewe B, Hieb M. Responsibility Assignment in Systems
    Engineering. <i>Proceedings of the Design Society</i>. 2022;2:1875-1884. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.190">10.1017/pds.2022.190</a>
  apa: Gräßler, I., Thiele, H., Grewe, B., &#38; Hieb, M. (2022). Responsibility Assignment
    in Systems Engineering. <i>Proceedings of the Design Society</i>, <i>2</i>, 1875–1884.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.190">https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.190</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Gräßler_Thiele_Grewe_Hieb_2022, title={Responsibility Assignment
    in Systems Engineering}, volume={2}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.190">10.1017/pds.2022.190</a>},
    journal={Proceedings of the Design Society}, publisher={Cambridge University Press
    (CUP)}, author={Gräßler, Iris and Thiele, Henrik and Grewe, Benedikt and Hieb,
    Michael}, year={2022}, pages={1875–1884} }'
  chicago: 'Gräßler, Iris, Henrik Thiele, Benedikt Grewe, and Michael Hieb. “Responsibility
    Assignment in Systems Engineering.” <i>Proceedings of the Design Society</i> 2
    (2022): 1875–84. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.190">https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.190</a>.'
  ieee: 'I. Gräßler, H. Thiele, B. Grewe, and M. Hieb, “Responsibility Assignment
    in Systems Engineering,” <i>Proceedings of the Design Society</i>, vol. 2, pp.
    1875–1884, 2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.190">10.1017/pds.2022.190</a>.'
  mla: Gräßler, Iris, et al. “Responsibility Assignment in Systems Engineering.” <i>Proceedings
    of the Design Society</i>, vol. 2, Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2022, pp.
    1875–84, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.190">10.1017/pds.2022.190</a>.
  short: I. Gräßler, H. Thiele, B. Grewe, M. Hieb, Proceedings of the Design Society
    2 (2022) 1875–1884.
conference:
  end_date: 2022-05-26
  location: Dubrovnik
  name: 17th International DESIGN Conference
  start_date: 2022-05-23
date_created: 2022-06-27T07:51:41Z
date_updated: 2023-01-24T08:41:31Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '152'
doi: 10.1017/pds.2022.190
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: hthiele
  date_created: 2022-06-27T07:56:35Z
  date_updated: 2022-06-27T07:56:35Z
  file_id: '32175'
  file_name: responsibility-assignment-in-systems-engineering.pdf
  file_size: 787640
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-06-27T07:56:35Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         2'
keyword:
- systems engineering (SE)
- project management
- model-based systems engineering (MBSE)
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-design-society/article/responsibility-assignment-in-systems-engineering/07269DA1B1160C17AF0E0BE6035FD1A2
oa: '1'
page: 1875-1884
publication: Proceedings of the Design Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2732-527X
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Responsibility Assignment in Systems Engineering
type: journal_article
user_id: '72252'
volume: 2
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '9974'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The integrated modeling of behavior and reliability in system development
    delivers a model-based approach for reliability investigation by taking into account
    the dynamic system behavior as well as the system architecture at different phases
    of the development process. This approach features an automated synthesis of a
    reliability model out of a behavior model enabling for the closed loop modeling
    of degradation of the system and its (dynamic) behavior. The approach is integrated
    into the development process following Systems Engineering. It is based on standard
    models used in model-based development methodologies i.e. SysML or Matlab/Simulink.
    In addition to the theoretical description of the necessary steps the procedure
    is validated by an application example at two stages of the development process.
author:
- first_name: Julian
  full_name: Hentze, Julian
  id: '13342'
  last_name: Hentze
- first_name: Thorben
  full_name: Kaul, Thorben
  id: '14802'
  last_name: Kaul
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Grässler, Iris
  last_name: Grässler
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: 'Hentze J, Kaul T, Grässler I, Sextro W. Integrated modeling og behavior and
    reliability in system development. In: <i>ICED17, 21st International Conference
    on Enginieering Design</i>. ; 2017:385-394.'
  apa: Hentze, J., Kaul, T., Grässler, I., &#38; Sextro, W. (2017). Integrated modeling
    og behavior and reliability in system development. In <i>ICED17, 21st International
    conference on enginieering design</i> (pp. 385–394).
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Hentze_Kaul_Grässler_Sextro_2017, title={Integrated modeling
    og behavior and reliability in system development}, booktitle={ICED17, 21st International
    conference on enginieering design}, author={Hentze, Julian and Kaul, Thorben and
    Grässler, Iris and Sextro, Walter}, year={2017}, pages={385–394} }'
  chicago: Hentze, Julian, Thorben Kaul, Iris Grässler, and Walter Sextro. “Integrated
    Modeling Og Behavior and Reliability in System Development.” In <i>ICED17, 21st
    International Conference on Enginieering Design</i>, 385–94, 2017.
  ieee: J. Hentze, T. Kaul, I. Grässler, and W. Sextro, “Integrated modeling og behavior
    and reliability in system development,” in <i>ICED17, 21st International conference
    on enginieering design</i>, 2017, pp. 385–394.
  mla: Hentze, Julian, et al. “Integrated Modeling Og Behavior and Reliability in
    System Development.” <i>ICED17, 21st International Conference on Enginieering
    Design</i>, 2017, pp. 385–94.
  short: 'J. Hentze, T. Kaul, I. Grässler, W. Sextro, in: ICED17, 21st International
    Conference on Enginieering Design, 2017, pp. 385–394.'
date_created: 2019-05-27T09:35:48Z
date_updated: 2019-09-30T08:04:38Z
department:
- _id: '151'
keyword:
- Design for X (DfX)
- Product modelling / models
- Robust design
- Systems Engineering (SE)
- Reliability
language:
- iso: eng
page: 385-394
publication: ICED17, 21st International conference on enginieering design
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Integrated modeling og behavior and reliability in system development
type: conference
user_id: '55222'
year: '2017'
...