---
_id: '63830'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: " This study investigates the effect of dispersion gas (DG) flow on the formation
    and properties of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles using standardized SpraySyn
    burners (SS1 and SS2). Several diagnostics were employed to characterize the spray
    and nanoparticles. \r\nIncreasing DG flow (6 - 12 slm) results in smaller droplet
    sizes (DS), cooler flame temperatures, shorter high-temperature droplet/particle
    residence times, and smaller agglomerates in the size range of 5 - 12 nm with
    narrower primary particle size distribution, corresponding to higher mass fractal
    dimensions, as supported by TEM and SMPS analysis, resulting in more compact agglomerates.
    BET and TEM confirmed decreasing primary particle sizes with increasing DG flow.
    Raman and XRD analyses predominantly identified maghemite, which shows a bimodal
    distribution of crystallite sizes, while SS1 samples have a greater proportion
    of larger crystallites.\r\nThe self-preserving size distributions of agglomerates
    with a geometric standard deviation of 1.5 are reached faster with increasing
    DG flow. The barrier effect of DG observed in SS1 leads to slower droplet combustion
    kinetics, higher temperatures, and delayed precursor release, which, along with
    downstream flow recirculation, result in significantly higher agglomeration rates
    outside the visible flame. SS2 demonstrates improved atomization, more stable
    flames, and finer, uniform nanoparticles with less carbonaceous residues (CR).
    Conversely, SS1 showed broader DS distributions and higher CR levels on the γ-Fe2O3
    surface, especially at higher DG flow.\r\nThis work highlights the essential role
    of DG flow and nozzle geometry in controlling droplet evaporation, flame stability,
    and nanoparticle growth, offering insights for optimizing SFS and validating numerical
    models.\r\n"
article_number: '121992'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Orlando
  full_name: Massopo, Orlando
  last_name: Massopo
- first_name: Ricardo
  full_name: Tischendorf, Ricardo
  last_name: Tischendorf
- first_name: Munko
  full_name: Gonchikzhapov, Munko
  last_name: Gonchikzhapov
- first_name: Tina
  full_name: Kasper, Tina
  last_name: Kasper
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Augustin, Peter
  last_name: Augustin
- first_name: Burak
  full_name: Özer, Burak
  last_name: Özer
- first_name: Manuel
  full_name: Reddemann, Manuel
  last_name: Reddemann
- first_name: Reinhold
  full_name: Kneer, Reinhold
  last_name: Kneer
- first_name: Mohammed-Ali
  full_name: Sheikh, Mohammed-Ali
  last_name: Sheikh
- first_name: Aydan Akyildiz
  full_name: Mert, Aydan Akyildiz
  last_name: Mert
- first_name: Hartmut
  full_name: Wiggers, Hartmut
  last_name: Wiggers
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
  full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
  last_name: Schmid
citation:
  ama: Massopo O, Tischendorf R, Gonchikzhapov M, et al. Influence of dispersion gas
    flow on the spray characteristics and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and properties
    in reference SpraySyn burners. <i>Powder Technology</i>. 2025;470. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992">10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>
  apa: Massopo, O., Tischendorf, R., Gonchikzhapov, M., Kasper, T., Augustin, P.,
    Özer, B., Reddemann, M., Kneer, R., Sheikh, M.-A., Mert, A. A., Wiggers, H., &#38;
    Schmid, H.-J. (2025). Influence of dispersion gas flow on the spray characteristics
    and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and properties in reference SpraySyn burners.
    <i>Powder Technology</i>, <i>470</i>, Article 121992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Massopo_Tischendorf_Gonchikzhapov_Kasper_Augustin_Özer_Reddemann_Kneer_Sheikh_Mert_et
    al._2025, title={Influence of dispersion gas flow on the spray characteristics
    and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and properties in reference SpraySyn burners},
    volume={470}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992">10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>},
    number={121992}, journal={Powder Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Massopo,
    Orlando and Tischendorf, Ricardo and Gonchikzhapov, Munko and Kasper, Tina and
    Augustin, Peter and Özer, Burak and Reddemann, Manuel and Kneer, Reinhold and
    Sheikh, Mohammed-Ali and Mert, Aydan Akyildiz and et al.}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: Massopo, Orlando, Ricardo Tischendorf, Munko Gonchikzhapov, Tina Kasper,
    Peter Augustin, Burak Özer, Manuel Reddemann, et al. “Influence of Dispersion
    Gas Flow on the Spray Characteristics and γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Formation and
    Properties in Reference SpraySyn Burners.” <i>Powder Technology</i> 470 (2025).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>.
  ieee: 'O. Massopo <i>et al.</i>, “Influence of dispersion gas flow on the spray
    characteristics and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and properties in reference
    SpraySyn burners,” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 470, Art. no. 121992, 2025,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992">10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>.'
  mla: Massopo, Orlando, et al. “Influence of Dispersion Gas Flow on the Spray Characteristics
    and γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Formation and Properties in Reference SpraySyn Burners.”
    <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 470, 121992, Elsevier BV, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992">10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>.
  short: O. Massopo, R. Tischendorf, M. Gonchikzhapov, T. Kasper, P. Augustin, B.
    Özer, M. Reddemann, R. Kneer, M.-A. Sheikh, A.A. Mert, H. Wiggers, H.-J. Schmid,
    Powder Technology 470 (2025).
date_created: 2026-02-02T11:41:04Z
date_updated: 2026-02-25T07:45:44Z
doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992
intvolume: '       470'
keyword:
- Spray flame synthesis
- iron oxide nanoparticle
- SpraySyn burner
- Dispersion gas
- Coaxial atomization
- HiaT-SMPS
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
publication: Powder Technology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0032-5910
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: Influence of dispersion gas flow on the spray characteristics and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles
  formation and properties in reference SpraySyn burners
type: journal_article
user_id: '98419'
volume: 470
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '51145'
author:
- first_name: Orlando
  full_name: Massopo, Orlando
  id: '98419'
  last_name: Massopo
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
  full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
  id: '464'
  last_name: Schmid
  orcid: 000-0001-8590-1921
- first_name: Munko
  full_name: Gonchikzhapov, Munko
  id: '94996'
  last_name: Gonchikzhapov
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7773-047X
- first_name: Tina
  full_name: Kasper, Tina
  id: '94562'
  last_name: Kasper
  orcid: '0000-0003-3993-5316 '
citation:
  ama: 'Massopo O, Schmid H-J, Gonchikzhapov M, Kasper T. Nanoparticle Concentration
    Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster). In: ; 2023.'
  apa: Massopo, O., Schmid, H.-J., Gonchikzhapov, M., &#38; Kasper, T. (2023). <i>Nanoparticle
    Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster)</i>. European Aerosol
    Conference, Málaga, Spain .
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Massopo_Schmid_Gonchikzhapov_Kasper_2023, title={Nanoparticle
    Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster)}, author={Massopo,
    Orlando and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Gonchikzhapov, Munko and Kasper, Tina}, year={2023}
    }'
  chicago: Massopo, Orlando, Hans-Joachim Schmid, Munko Gonchikzhapov, and Tina Kasper.
    “Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster),” 2023.
  ieee: O. Massopo, H.-J. Schmid, M. Gonchikzhapov, and T. Kasper, “Nanoparticle Concentration
    Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster),” presented at the European Aerosol
    Conference, Málaga, Spain , 2023.
  mla: Massopo, Orlando, et al. <i>Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame
    Spray Pyrolysis (Poster)</i>. 2023.
  short: 'O. Massopo, H.-J. Schmid, M. Gonchikzhapov, T. Kasper, in: 2023.'
conference:
  end_date: 2023-09-08
  location: 'Málaga, Spain '
  name: European Aerosol Conference
  start_date: 2023-09-03
date_created: 2024-02-05T12:45:55Z
date_updated: 2024-02-05T12:46:11Z
department:
- _id: '150'
- _id: '728'
keyword:
- Absolute particle concentration
- Flame Spray Pyrolysis
- SMPS
- Mass Spectrometry
language:
- iso: eng
status: public
title: Nanoparticle Concentration Measurement in Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Poster)
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '98419'
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '51147'
author:
- first_name: Orlando
  full_name: Massopo, Orlando
  id: '98419'
  last_name: Massopo
- first_name: Ricardo
  full_name: Tischendorf, Ricardo
  id: '67002'
  last_name: Tischendorf
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
  full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
  id: '464'
  last_name: Schmid
  orcid: 000-0001-8590-1921
- first_name: Fabian
  full_name: Fröde, Fabian
  last_name: Fröde
- first_name: Temistocle
  full_name: Grenga, Temistocle
  last_name: Grenga
- first_name: Heinz
  full_name: Pitsch, Heinz
  last_name: Pitsch
- first_name: Malte
  full_name: Bieber, Malte
  last_name: Bieber
- first_name: Manuel
  full_name: Reddemann, Manuel
  last_name: Reddemann
- first_name: Reinhold
  full_name: Kneer, Reinhold
  last_name: Kneer
citation:
  ama: 'Massopo O, Tischendorf R, Schmid H-J, et al. Influence of atomization on the
    particle formation in spray flame pyrolysis (Presentation). In: International
    Congress of Particle Technology; 2023.'
  apa: Massopo, O., Tischendorf, R., Schmid, H.-J., Fröde, F., Grenga, T., Pitsch,
    H., Bieber, M., Reddemann, M., &#38; Kneer, R. (2023). <i>Influence of atomization
    on the particle formation in spray flame pyrolysis (Presentation)</i>. International
    Congress of Particle Technology, Nürnberg.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Massopo_Tischendorf_Schmid_Fröde_Grenga_Pitsch_Bieber_Reddemann_Kneer_2023,
    place={Nürnberg}, title={Influence of atomization on the particle formation in
    spray flame pyrolysis (Presentation)}, publisher={International Congress of Particle
    Technology}, author={Massopo, Orlando and Tischendorf, Ricardo and Schmid, Hans-Joachim
    and Fröde, Fabian and Grenga, Temistocle and Pitsch, Heinz and Bieber, Malte and
    Reddemann, Manuel and Kneer, Reinhold}, year={2023} }'
  chicago: 'Massopo, Orlando, Ricardo Tischendorf, Hans-Joachim Schmid, Fabian Fröde,
    Temistocle Grenga, Heinz Pitsch, Malte Bieber, Manuel Reddemann, and Reinhold
    Kneer. “Influence of Atomization on the Particle Formation in Spray Flame Pyrolysis
    (Presentation).” Nürnberg: International Congress of Particle Technology, 2023.'
  ieee: O. Massopo <i>et al.</i>, “Influence of atomization on the particle formation
    in spray flame pyrolysis (Presentation),” presented at the International Congress
    of Particle Technology, Nürnberg, 2023.
  mla: Massopo, Orlando, et al. <i>Influence of Atomization on the Particle Formation
    in Spray Flame Pyrolysis (Presentation)</i>. International Congress of Particle
    Technology, 2023.
  short: 'O. Massopo, R. Tischendorf, H.-J. Schmid, F. Fröde, T. Grenga, H. Pitsch,
    M. Bieber, M. Reddemann, R. Kneer, in: International Congress of Particle Technology,
    Nürnberg, 2023.'
conference:
  end_date: 2023-09-28
  location: Nürnberg
  name: International Congress of Particle Technology
  start_date: 2023-09-26
date_created: 2024-02-05T12:59:39Z
date_updated: 2025-09-18T10:49:39Z
department:
- _id: '150'
keyword:
- Flame Stability
- Particle Sample Extraction
- SMPS
- Impurities
language:
- iso: eng
place: Nürnberg
publisher: International Congress of Particle Technology
status: public
title: Influence of atomization on the particle formation in spray flame pyrolysis
  (Presentation)
type: conference_abstract
user_id: '98419'
year: '2023'
...