---
_id: '29938'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Modular solid-state transformers (SSTs) are a promising technology in converting
    power from a 10kV three-phase medium voltage to a lower DC-voltage in the range
    of 100…400V to provide pure DC power to applications such as electrolyzers for
    hydrogen generation, data centers with a DC power distribution and DC micro grids.
    Modular SSTs which can be interpreted as modular multilevel converters with an
    isolated DC-DC output stage per module, are designed with redundant modules to
    increase reliability. Usually, each of the three arms operates independently,
    and therefore, only a fixed number of faulty modules can be compensated in each
    arm, even if all modules are operational in the remaining two arms. With the proposed
    zero-sequence voltage injection, up to 100% more faulty modules can be compensated
    in an arm by employing the same hardware. In addition, module power imbalances
    are nearly eliminated by utilizing a fundamental frequency zero-sequence voltage.
    A dominant 3rd harmonic zero-sequence voltage injection in combination with the
    5th, 7th and several higher order harmonics with adaptive (small) amplitudes minimize
    the required arm voltages at steady-state. For nominal operation or symmetrical
    faults, the proposed technique is equivalent to the well known Min-Max voltage
    injection, which already reduces the peak arm voltage by 13.4% compared to a constant
    star point potential. A statistical analysis proves, that the expected number
    of tolerable faulty modules of the 1MW SST increases by 12% without the need for
    additional hardware.
author:
- first_name: Roland
  full_name: Unruh, Roland
  id: '34289'
  last_name: Unruh
- first_name: Jarren
  full_name: Lange, Jarren
  id: '78801'
  last_name: Lange
- first_name: Frank
  full_name: Schafmeister, Frank
  id: '71291'
  last_name: Schafmeister
- first_name: Joachim
  full_name: Böcker, Joachim
  id: '66'
  last_name: Böcker
  orcid: 0000-0002-8480-7295
citation:
  ama: 'Unruh R, Lange J, Schafmeister F, Böcker J. Adaptive Zero-Sequence Voltage
    Injection for Modular Solid-State Transformer to Compensate for Asymmetrical Fault
    Conditions. In: <i>23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications
    (EPE’21 ECCE Europe)</i>. IEEE; 2021. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570542">https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570542</a>'
  apa: Unruh, R., Lange, J., Schafmeister, F., &#38; Böcker, J. (2021). Adaptive Zero-Sequence
    Voltage Injection for Modular Solid-State Transformer to Compensate for Asymmetrical
    Fault Conditions. <i>23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications
    (EPE’21 ECCE Europe)</i>. 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications
    (EPE’21 ECCE Europe), Ghent, Belgium. <a href="https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570542">https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570542</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Unruh_Lange_Schafmeister_Böcker_2021, title={Adaptive Zero-Sequence
    Voltage Injection for Modular Solid-State Transformer to Compensate for Asymmetrical
    Fault Conditions}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570542">https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570542</a>},
    booktitle={23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’21
    ECCE Europe)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Unruh, Roland and Lange, Jarren and Schafmeister,
    Frank and Böcker, Joachim}, year={2021} }'
  chicago: Unruh, Roland, Jarren Lange, Frank Schafmeister, and Joachim Böcker. “Adaptive
    Zero-Sequence Voltage Injection for Modular Solid-State Transformer to Compensate
    for Asymmetrical Fault Conditions.” In <i>23rd European Conference on Power Electronics
    and Applications (EPE’21 ECCE Europe)</i>. IEEE, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570542">https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570542</a>.
  ieee: 'R. Unruh, J. Lange, F. Schafmeister, and J. Böcker, “Adaptive Zero-Sequence
    Voltage Injection for Modular Solid-State Transformer to Compensate for Asymmetrical
    Fault Conditions,” presented at the 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics
    and Applications (EPE’21 ECCE Europe), Ghent, Belgium, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570542">https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570542</a>.'
  mla: Unruh, Roland, et al. “Adaptive Zero-Sequence Voltage Injection for Modular
    Solid-State Transformer to Compensate for Asymmetrical Fault Conditions.” <i>23rd
    European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’21 ECCE Europe)</i>,
    IEEE, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570542">https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570542</a>.
  short: 'R. Unruh, J. Lange, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker, in: 23rd European Conference
    on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’21 ECCE Europe), IEEE, 2021.'
conference:
  end_date: 2021-09-10
  location: Ghent, Belgium
  name: 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE
    Europe)
  start_date: 2021-09-06
date_created: 2022-02-21T16:31:34Z
date_updated: 2022-09-09T12:01:42Z
department:
- _id: '52'
doi: https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE21ECCEEurope50061.2021.9570542
keyword:
- Solid-State Transformer
- Zero sequence voltage
- Fault handling strategy
- Power balance control technique
- Three-phase system
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9570542
publication: 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21
  ECCE Europe)
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-9-0758-1537-5
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: Adaptive Zero-Sequence Voltage Injection for Modular Solid-State Transformer
  to Compensate for Asymmetrical Fault Conditions
type: conference
user_id: '34289'
year: '2021'
...