[{"publication":"IOM3. Chapter 14: Forming, Machining & Joining [version 1; not peer reviewed]","type":"conference","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Within the current energy and environmental crisis, new material- and energy-saving processes are needed. For this reason, this study focuses on the development of a new forming technology for Ti-6Al-4V sheet metal. It is based on combination of solution treatment by resistive heating with rapid tool-based quenching and subsequent annealing. This new “TISTRAQ” process is comparable with press-hardening already known for steels and hot die quenching known for aluminium alloys. One of the main influencing factors for this process is the heat transfer coefficient (HTC). It is an important driver for adjustment of basic parameters, as selection of tool material or the forming speed but also plays an important role while elaborating temperature distribution in the numerical model. Therefore, a new and unique test rig was developed to determine the HTC and to perform tool-based heat treatment at specimen level under laboratory conditions. The test rig was used to investigate the influence of the titanium-tool-lubricant system on HTC and cooling rate. Further the effect of heat treatment in the test rig and tool-based quenching on microstructure and mechanical properties was studied. To improve the prediction of the temperature distribution of the titanium during cooling, the HTC was integrated into the numerical process simulation"}],"status":"public","_id":"49430","department":[{"_id":"9"},{"_id":"321"},{"_id":"149"}],"user_id":"72351","keyword":["Interfacial heat transfer coefficient","Ti-6Al-4V","nonisothermal forming","thermomechanical processing","TISTRAQ process"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","year":"2024","citation":{"chicago":"Kaiser, Maximilian Alexander, Fabian Höschen, Nina Pfeffer, Mathias Merten, Thomas Meyer, Thorsten Marten, Pawel Rockicki, Heinz Werner Höppel, and Thomas Tröster. “The New TISTRAQ Process: Solution Treatment with Rapid Quenching and Annealing for Ti-6Al-4V Sheet Metal Part Forming - Investigation on Heat Transfer Coefficient and Influence on Cooling Rates.” In <i>IOM3. Chapter 14: Forming, Machining &#38; Joining [Version 1; Not Peer Reviewed]</i>, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1\">https://doi.org/doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1</a>.","ieee":"M. A. Kaiser <i>et al.</i>, “The new TISTRAQ process: Solution treatment with rapid quenching and annealing for Ti-6Al-4V sheet metal part forming - investigation on heat transfer coefficient and influence on cooling rates,” presented at the 15th World Conference on Titanium, Edinburgh, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1\">doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1</a>.","ama":"Kaiser MA, Höschen F, Pfeffer N, et al. The new TISTRAQ process: Solution treatment with rapid quenching and annealing for Ti-6Al-4V sheet metal part forming - investigation on heat transfer coefficient and influence on cooling rates. In: <i>IOM3. Chapter 14: Forming, Machining &#38; Joining [Version 1; Not Peer Reviewed]</i>. ; 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1\">doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1</a>","apa":"Kaiser, M. A., Höschen, F., Pfeffer, N., Merten, M., Meyer, T., Marten, T., Rockicki, P., Höppel, H. W., &#38; Tröster, T. (2024). The new TISTRAQ process: Solution treatment with rapid quenching and annealing for Ti-6Al-4V sheet metal part forming - investigation on heat transfer coefficient and influence on cooling rates. <i>IOM3. Chapter 14: Forming, Machining &#38; Joining [Version 1; Not Peer Reviewed]</i>. 15th World Conference on Titanium, Edinburgh. <a href=\"https://doi.org/doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1\">https://doi.org/doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1</a>","mla":"Kaiser, Maximilian Alexander, et al. “The New TISTRAQ Process: Solution Treatment with Rapid Quenching and Annealing for Ti-6Al-4V Sheet Metal Part Forming - Investigation on Heat Transfer Coefficient and Influence on Cooling Rates.” <i>IOM3. Chapter 14: Forming, Machining &#38; Joining [Version 1; Not Peer Reviewed]</i>, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1\">doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1</a>.","short":"M.A. Kaiser, F. Höschen, N. Pfeffer, M. Merten, T. Meyer, T. Marten, P. Rockicki, H.W. Höppel, T. Tröster, in: IOM3. Chapter 14: Forming, Machining &#38; Joining [Version 1; Not Peer Reviewed], 2024.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Kaiser_Höschen_Pfeffer_Merten_Meyer_Marten_Rockicki_Höppel_Tröster_2024, title={The new TISTRAQ process: Solution treatment with rapid quenching and annealing for Ti-6Al-4V sheet metal part forming - investigation on heat transfer coefficient and influence on cooling rates}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1\">doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1</a>}, booktitle={IOM3. Chapter 14: Forming, Machining &#38; Joining [version 1; not peer reviewed]}, author={Kaiser, Maximilian Alexander and Höschen, Fabian and Pfeffer, Nina and Merten, Mathias and Meyer, Thomas and Marten, Thorsten and Rockicki, Pawel and Höppel, Heinz Werner and Tröster, Thomas}, year={2024} }"},"date_updated":"2025-05-19T11:46:47Z","author":[{"id":"72351","full_name":"Kaiser, Maximilian Alexander","orcid":"0009-0008-1333-3396","last_name":"Kaiser","first_name":"Maximilian Alexander"},{"last_name":"Höschen","full_name":"Höschen, Fabian","first_name":"Fabian"},{"first_name":"Nina","last_name":"Pfeffer","full_name":"Pfeffer, Nina"},{"first_name":"Mathias","full_name":"Merten, Mathias","last_name":"Merten"},{"first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Meyer, Thomas","last_name":"Meyer"},{"first_name":"Thorsten","id":"338","full_name":"Marten, Thorsten","last_name":"Marten","orcid":"0009-0001-6433-7839"},{"first_name":"Pawel","last_name":"Rockicki","full_name":"Rockicki, Pawel"},{"first_name":"Heinz Werner","last_name":"Höppel","full_name":"Höppel, Heinz Werner"},{"id":"553","full_name":"Tröster, Thomas","last_name":"Tröster","first_name":"Thomas"}],"date_created":"2023-12-04T10:00:21Z","title":"The new TISTRAQ process: Solution treatment with rapid quenching and annealing for Ti-6Al-4V sheet metal part forming - investigation on heat transfer coefficient and influence on cooling rates","doi":"doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1","conference":{"start_date":"2023-06-12","name":"15th World Conference on Titanium","location":"Edinburgh","end_date":"2023-06-16"}},{"user_id":"72351","department":[{"_id":"9"},{"_id":"321"},{"_id":"149"}],"_id":"49437","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Ti-6Al-4V","thermomechanical processing","resistive heating","quench-forming","process parameter-microstructure-properties relationship"],"type":"conference","publication":"IOM3. Chapter 14: Forming, Machining & Joining [version 1; not peer reviewed]","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"The phase and TTT diagrams of the Ti-6Al-4V system allow the development of a new forming process for a more energy- and materialefficient production of sheet metal parts. This new “TISTRAQ” process is composed of two steps. In terms of process technology, the first step is comparable to a direct press-hardening process already well known for steels. In this step, the Ti-6Al-4V sheet material is resistively heated to a temperature below β-transus Tβ and, after a very short holding time, simultaneously formed and quenched by use of water cooled tools. Thereby, the β phase undergoes a martensitic transformation. The second step is a subsequent short-time annealing, which leads to a hardening of the material. In this work, a new test rig using resistive heating technique was used in order to produce\r\ndifferent solution treated and tool quenched (STQ) and subsequently annealed (STA) states. In this paper, the effects of heating rate, solution treatment temperature and holding time on microstructure and mechanical properties are addressed. For the characterisation, tensile testing and scanning electron microscopy were used. By the systematic variation of applied processing parameters, dominating effects on microstructure and mechanical properties were evaluated. For example, the solution treatment temperature was found to have a significant effect on microstructural features and characteristic strength and strain values. The obtained results reveal a high potential for future technical applications.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2023-12-04T11:08:49Z","author":[{"full_name":"Pfeffer, Nina","last_name":"Pfeffer","first_name":"Nina"},{"last_name":"Kaiser","orcid":"0009-0008-1333-3396","full_name":"Kaiser, Maximilian Alexander","id":"72351","first_name":"Maximilian Alexander"},{"first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Meyer, Thomas","last_name":"Meyer"},{"full_name":"Göken, Mathias","last_name":"Göken","first_name":"Mathias"},{"full_name":"Höppel, Heinz Werner","last_name":"Höppel","first_name":"Heinz Werner"}],"date_updated":"2025-05-19T11:46:28Z","conference":{"end_date":"2023-06-16","location":"Edinburgh","name":"15th World Conference on Titanium","start_date":"2023-06-12"},"doi":"https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1","title":"The new TISTRAQ process: Solution treatment with rapid quenching and annealing for Ti-6Al-4V sheet metal part forming - the effect of processing parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties","publication_status":"submitted","citation":{"ama":"Pfeffer N, Kaiser MA, Meyer T, Göken M, Höppel HW. The new TISTRAQ process: Solution treatment with rapid quenching and annealing for Ti-6Al-4V sheet metal part forming - the effect of processing parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties. In: <i>IOM3. Chapter 14: Forming, Machining &#38; Joining [Version 1; Not Peer Reviewed]</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1\">https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1</a>","chicago":"Pfeffer, Nina, Maximilian Alexander Kaiser, Thomas Meyer, Mathias Göken, and Heinz Werner Höppel. “The New TISTRAQ Process: Solution Treatment with Rapid Quenching and Annealing for Ti-6Al-4V Sheet Metal Part Forming - the Effect of Processing Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties.” In <i>IOM3. Chapter 14: Forming, Machining &#38; Joining [Version 1; Not Peer Reviewed]</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1\">https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1</a>.","ieee":"N. Pfeffer, M. A. Kaiser, T. Meyer, M. Göken, and H. W. Höppel, “The new TISTRAQ process: Solution treatment with rapid quenching and annealing for Ti-6Al-4V sheet metal part forming - the effect of processing parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties,” presented at the 15th World Conference on Titanium, Edinburgh, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1\">https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1</a>.","apa":"Pfeffer, N., Kaiser, M. A., Meyer, T., Göken, M., &#38; Höppel, H. W. (n.d.). The new TISTRAQ process: Solution treatment with rapid quenching and annealing for Ti-6Al-4V sheet metal part forming - the effect of processing parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties. <i>IOM3. Chapter 14: Forming, Machining &#38; Joining [Version 1; Not Peer Reviewed]</i>. 15th World Conference on Titanium, Edinburgh. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1\">https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1</a>","short":"N. Pfeffer, M.A. Kaiser, T. Meyer, M. Göken, H.W. Höppel, in: IOM3. Chapter 14: Forming, Machining &#38; Joining [Version 1; Not Peer Reviewed], n.d.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Pfeffer_Kaiser_Meyer_Göken_Höppel, title={The new TISTRAQ process: Solution treatment with rapid quenching and annealing for Ti-6Al-4V sheet metal part forming - the effect of processing parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1\">https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1</a>}, booktitle={IOM3. Chapter 14: Forming, Machining &#38; Joining [version 1; not peer reviewed]}, author={Pfeffer, Nina and Kaiser, Maximilian Alexander and Meyer, Thomas and Göken, Mathias and Höppel, Heinz Werner} }","mla":"Pfeffer, Nina, et al. “The New TISTRAQ Process: Solution Treatment with Rapid Quenching and Annealing for Ti-6Al-4V Sheet Metal Part Forming - the Effect of Processing Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties.” <i>IOM3. Chapter 14: Forming, Machining &#38; Joining [Version 1; Not Peer Reviewed]</i>, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1\">https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1119929.1</a>."},"year":"2024"},{"status":"public","type":"journal_article","file_date_updated":"2022-01-10T08:27:11Z","article_number":"122","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"158"}],"user_id":"43720","_id":"29196","intvolume":"        12","citation":{"ieee":"M. Hein <i>et al.</i>, “Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications,” <i>Metals</i>, vol. 12, no. 1, Art. no. 122, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122\">10.3390/met12010122</a>.","chicago":"Hein, Maxwell, David Kokalj, Nelson Filipe Lopes Dias, Dominic Stangier, Hilke Oltmanns, Sudipta Pramanik, Manfred Kietzmann, et al. “Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications.” <i>Metals</i> 12, no. 1 (2022). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122\">https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122</a>.","ama":"Hein M, Kokalj D, Lopes Dias NF, et al. Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications. <i>Metals</i>. 2022;12(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122\">10.3390/met12010122</a>","apa":"Hein, M., Kokalj, D., Lopes Dias, N. F., Stangier, D., Oltmanns, H., Pramanik, S., Kietzmann, M., Hoyer, K.-P., Meißner, J., Tillmann, W., &#38; Schaper, M. (2022). Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications. <i>Metals</i>, <i>12</i>(1), Article 122. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122\">https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122</a>","bibtex":"@article{Hein_Kokalj_Lopes Dias_Stangier_Oltmanns_Pramanik_Kietzmann_Hoyer_Meißner_Tillmann_et al._2022, title={Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications}, volume={12}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122\">10.3390/met12010122</a>}, number={1122}, journal={Metals}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Hein, Maxwell and Kokalj, David and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Stangier, Dominic and Oltmanns, Hilke and Pramanik, Sudipta and Kietzmann, Manfred and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Meißner, Jessica and Tillmann, Wolfgang and et al.}, year={2022} }","short":"M. Hein, D. Kokalj, N.F. Lopes Dias, D. Stangier, H. Oltmanns, S. Pramanik, M. Kietzmann, K.-P. Hoyer, J. Meißner, W. Tillmann, M. Schaper, Metals 12 (2022).","mla":"Hein, Maxwell, et al. “Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications.” <i>Metals</i>, vol. 12, no. 1, 122, MDPI AG, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122\">10.3390/met12010122</a>."},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2075-4701"]},"publication_status":"published","doi":"10.3390/met12010122","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/1/122"}],"volume":12,"author":[{"first_name":"Maxwell","id":"52771","full_name":"Hein, Maxwell","last_name":"Hein","orcid":"0000-0002-3732-2236"},{"full_name":"Kokalj, David","last_name":"Kokalj","first_name":"David"},{"first_name":"Nelson Filipe","last_name":"Lopes Dias","full_name":"Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe"},{"last_name":"Stangier","full_name":"Stangier, Dominic","first_name":"Dominic"},{"last_name":"Oltmanns","full_name":"Oltmanns, Hilke","first_name":"Hilke"},{"first_name":"Sudipta","last_name":"Pramanik","full_name":"Pramanik, Sudipta"},{"full_name":"Kietzmann, Manfred","last_name":"Kietzmann","first_name":"Manfred"},{"first_name":"Kay-Peter","id":"48411","full_name":"Hoyer, Kay-Peter","last_name":"Hoyer"},{"first_name":"Jessica","last_name":"Meißner","full_name":"Meißner, Jessica"},{"first_name":"Wolfgang","full_name":"Tillmann, Wolfgang","last_name":"Tillmann"},{"first_name":"Mirko","full_name":"Schaper, Mirko","id":"43720","last_name":"Schaper"}],"date_updated":"2023-04-27T16:42:19Z","oa":"1","file":[{"relation":"main_file","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"closed","file_name":"Hein et al - 2022 - Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications.pdf","file_id":"29197","file_size":6222748,"creator":"maxhein","date_created":"2022-01-10T08:27:11Z","date_updated":"2022-01-10T08:27:11Z"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In biomedical engineering, laser powder bed fusion is an advanced manufacturing technology, which enables, for example, the production of patient-customized implants with complex geometries. Ti-6Al-7Nb shows promising improvements, especially regarding biocompatibility, compared with other titanium alloys. The biocompatible features are investigated employing cytocompatibility and antibacterial examinations on Al2O3-blasted and untreated surfaces. The mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-7Nb are evaluated in as-built and heat-treated conditions. Recrystallization annealing (925 °C for 4 h), β annealing (1050 °C for 2 h), as well as stress relieving (600 °C for 4 h) are applied. For microstructural investigation, scanning and transmission electron microscopy are performed. The different microstructures and the mechanical properties are compared. Mechanical behavior is determined based on quasi-static tensile tests and strain-controlled low cycle fatigue tests with total strain amplitudes εA of 0.35%, 0.5%, and 0.8%. The as-built and stress-relieved conditions meet the mechanical demands for the tensile properties of the international standard ISO 5832-11. Based on the Coffin–Manson–Basquin relation, fatigue strength and ductility coefficients, as well as exponents, are determined to examine fatigue life for the different conditions. The stress-relieved condition exhibits, overall, the best properties regarding monotonic tensile and cyclic fatigue behavior.</jats:p>"}],"publication":"Metals","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["General Materials Science","Metals and Alloys","laser powder bed fusion","Ti-6Al-7Nb","titanium alloy","biomedical engineering","low cycle fatigue","microstructure","nanostructure"],"ddc":["620"],"year":"2022","issue":"1","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications","date_created":"2022-01-10T08:25:58Z","publisher":"MDPI AG"},{"conference":{"start_date":"2022-10-09","name":"Titanium USA 2022 Conference ","location":"Orlando","end_date":"2022-10-12"},"title":" Heat transfer coefficient investigation for hot die quenching process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy","date_created":"2023-12-04T10:17:16Z","author":[{"last_name":"Kaiser","orcid":"0009-0008-1333-3396","full_name":"Kaiser, Maximilian Alexander","id":"72351","first_name":"Maximilian Alexander"},{"first_name":"Pawel","last_name":"Rockicki","full_name":"Rockicki, Pawel"},{"full_name":"Höschen, Fabian","last_name":"Höschen","first_name":"Fabian"},{"last_name":"Wesendahl","full_name":"Wesendahl, Jan-Niklas","first_name":"Jan-Niklas"},{"last_name":"Konrad","full_name":"Konrad, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan"},{"full_name":"Meyer, Thomas","last_name":"Meyer","first_name":"Thomas"},{"first_name":"Thorsten","orcid":"0009-0001-6433-7839","last_name":"Marten","id":"338","full_name":"Marten, Thorsten"},{"id":"553","full_name":"Tröster, Thomas","last_name":"Tröster","first_name":"Thomas"}],"date_updated":"2025-05-19T11:46:03Z","citation":{"apa":"Kaiser, M. A., Rockicki, P., Höschen, F., Wesendahl, J.-N., Konrad, S., Meyer, T., Marten, T., &#38; Tröster, T. (2022). <i> Heat transfer coefficient investigation for hot die quenching process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy</i>. Titanium USA 2022 Conference , Orlando.","short":"M.A. Kaiser, P. Rockicki, F. Höschen, J.-N. Wesendahl, S. Konrad, T. Meyer, T. Marten, T. Tröster, in: 2022.","mla":"Kaiser, Maximilian Alexander, et al. <i> Heat Transfer Coefficient Investigation for Hot Die Quenching Process of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy</i>. 2022.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Kaiser_Rockicki_Höschen_Wesendahl_Konrad_Meyer_Marten_Tröster_2022, title={ Heat transfer coefficient investigation for hot die quenching process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy}, author={Kaiser, Maximilian Alexander and Rockicki, Pawel and Höschen, Fabian and Wesendahl, Jan-Niklas and Konrad, Stefan and Meyer, Thomas and Marten, Thorsten and Tröster, Thomas}, year={2022} }","ama":"Kaiser MA, Rockicki P, Höschen F, et al.  Heat transfer coefficient investigation for hot die quenching process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. In: ; 2022.","ieee":"M. A. Kaiser <i>et al.</i>, “ Heat transfer coefficient investigation for hot die quenching process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy,” presented at the Titanium USA 2022 Conference , Orlando, 2022.","chicago":"Kaiser, Maximilian Alexander, Pawel Rockicki, Fabian Höschen, Jan-Niklas Wesendahl, Stefan Konrad, Thomas Meyer, Thorsten Marten, and Thomas Tröster. “ Heat Transfer Coefficient Investigation for Hot Die Quenching Process of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy,” 2022."},"year":"2022","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Ti-6Al-4V","heat transfer coefficient"],"department":[{"_id":"9"},{"_id":"321"},{"_id":"149"}],"user_id":"72351","_id":"49433","status":"public","type":"conference_abstract"}]