---
_id: '6064'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: If one of two events is attended to, it will be perceived earlier than a simultaneously
    occurring unattended event. Since 150 years, this effect has been ascribed to
    the facilitating influence of attention, also known as prior entry. Yet, the attentional
    origin of prior-entry effects¹ has been repeatedly doubted. One criticism is that
    prior-entry effects might be due to biased decision processes that would mimic
    a temporal advantage for attended stimuli. Although most obvious biases have already
    been excluded experimentally (e.g. judgment criteria, response compatibility)
    and prior-entry effects have shown to persist (Shore, Spence, & Klein, 2001),
    many other biases are conceivable, which makes it difficult to put the debate
    to an end. Thus, we approach this problem the other way around by asking whether
    prior-entry effects can be biased voluntarily. Observers were informed about prior
    entry and instructed to reduce it as far as possible. For this aim they received
    continuous feedback
author:
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Weiß, Katharina
  last_name: Weiß
- first_name: Ingrid
  full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
  id: '451'
  last_name: Scharlau
  orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
citation:
  ama: 'Weiß K, Scharlau I. At the mercy of prior entry: Prior entry induced by invisible
    primes is not susceptible to current intentions. <i>Acta Psychologica</i>. 2012;139(1):54-64.'
  apa: 'Weiß, K., &#38; Scharlau, I. (2012). At the mercy of prior entry: Prior entry
    induced by invisible primes is not susceptible to current intentions. <i>Acta
    Psychologica</i>, <i>139</i>(1), 54–64.'
  bibtex: '@article{Weiß_Scharlau_2012, title={At the mercy of prior entry: Prior
    entry induced by invisible primes is not susceptible to current intentions.},
    volume={139}, number={1}, journal={Acta Psychologica}, author={Weiß, Katharina
    and Scharlau, Ingrid}, year={2012}, pages={54–64} }'
  chicago: 'Weiß, Katharina, and Ingrid Scharlau. “At the Mercy of Prior Entry: Prior
    Entry Induced by Invisible Primes Is Not Susceptible to Current Intentions.” <i>Acta
    Psychologica</i> 139, no. 1 (2012): 54–64.'
  ieee: 'K. Weiß and I. Scharlau, “At the mercy of prior entry: Prior entry induced
    by invisible primes is not susceptible to current intentions.,” <i>Acta Psychologica</i>,
    vol. 139, no. 1, pp. 54–64, 2012.'
  mla: 'Weiß, Katharina, and Ingrid Scharlau. “At the Mercy of Prior Entry: Prior
    Entry Induced by Invisible Primes Is Not Susceptible to Current Intentions.” <i>Acta
    Psychologica</i>, vol. 139, no. 1, 2012, pp. 54–64.'
  short: K. Weiß, I. Scharlau, Acta Psychologica 139 (2012) 54–64.
date_created: 2018-12-10T07:01:19Z
date_updated: 2022-06-06T16:41:22Z
department:
- _id: '424'
funded_apc: '1'
intvolume: '       139'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- intentions
- events
- attention
- decision processes
- Adult
- Attention
- Choice Behavior
- Cues
- Female
- Humans
- Intention
- Judgment
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Reaction Time
- Time Perception
- Visual Perception
- Attention
- Decision Making
- Experiences (Events)
- Intention
language:
- iso: eng
page: 54 - 64
publication: Acta Psychologica
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0001-6918
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'At the mercy of prior entry: Prior entry induced by invisible primes is not
  susceptible to current intentions.'
type: journal_article
user_id: '42165'
volume: 139
year: '2012'
...
---
_id: '6084'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Attended stimuli are perceived as occurring earlier than unattended stimuli.
    This phenomenon of prior entry is usually identified by a shift in the point of
    subjective simultaneity (PSS) in temporal order judgements (TOJs). According to
    its traditional psychophysical interpretation, the PSS coincides with the perception
    of simultaneity. This assumption is, however, questionable. Technically, the PSS
    represents the temporal interval between two stimuli at which the two alternative
    TOJs are equally likely. Thus it also seems possible that observers perceive not
    simultaneity, but uncertainty of temporal order. This possibility is supported
    by prior-entry studies, which find that perception of simultaneity is not very
    likely at the PSS. The present study tested the percept at the PSS in prior entry,
    using peripheral cues to orient attention. We found that manipulating attention
    caused varying temporal perceptions around the PSS. On some occasions observers
    perceived the two stimuli as sim
author:
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Weiß, Katharina
  last_name: Weiß
- first_name: Ingrid
  full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
  id: '451'
  last_name: Scharlau
  orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
citation:
  ama: 'Weiß K, Scharlau I. Simultaneity and temporal order perception: Different
    sides of the same coin? Evidence from a visual prior-entry study. <i>The Quarterly
    Journal of Experimental Psychology</i>. 2011;64(2):394-416.'
  apa: 'Weiß, K., &#38; Scharlau, I. (2011). Simultaneity and temporal order perception:
    Different sides of the same coin? Evidence from a visual prior-entry study. <i>The
    Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology</i>, <i>64</i>(2), 394–416.'
  bibtex: '@article{Weiß_Scharlau_2011, title={Simultaneity and temporal order perception:
    Different sides of the same coin? Evidence from a visual prior-entry study.},
    volume={64}, number={2}, journal={The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology},
    author={Weiß, Katharina and Scharlau, Ingrid}, year={2011}, pages={394–416} }'
  chicago: 'Weiß, Katharina, and Ingrid Scharlau. “Simultaneity and Temporal Order
    Perception: Different Sides of the Same Coin? Evidence from a Visual Prior-Entry
    Study.” <i>The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology</i> 64, no. 2 (2011):
    394–416.'
  ieee: 'K. Weiß and I. Scharlau, “Simultaneity and temporal order perception: Different
    sides of the same coin? Evidence from a visual prior-entry study.,” <i>The Quarterly
    Journal of Experimental Psychology</i>, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 394–416, 2011.'
  mla: 'Weiß, Katharina, and Ingrid Scharlau. “Simultaneity and Temporal Order Perception:
    Different Sides of the Same Coin? Evidence from a Visual Prior-Entry Study.” <i>The
    Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology</i>, vol. 64, no. 2, 2011, pp. 394–416.'
  short: K. Weiß, I. Scharlau, The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 64
    (2011) 394–416.
date_created: 2018-12-10T07:06:56Z
date_updated: 2022-06-07T00:17:26Z
department:
- _id: '424'
funded_apc: '1'
intvolume: '        64'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- temporal order perception
- simultaneity
- temporal order judgment
- attention
- visual perception
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Attention
- Cues
- Discrimination (Psychology)
- Female
- Humans
- Judgment
- Male
- Models
- Psychological
- Photic Stimulation
- Reaction Time
- Time Factors
- Uncertainty
- Visual Perception
- Young Adult
- Attention
- Judgment
- Stimulus Similarity
- Time Perception
- Visual Discrimination
- Temporal Order (Judgment)
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://kw.uni-paderborn.de/fileadmin/fakultaet/Institute/psychologie/Kognitive_Psychologie/Publikationen/WeissScharlau2010.pdf
oa: '1'
page: 394 - 416
publication: The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1747-0218
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'Simultaneity and temporal order perception: Different sides of the same coin?
  Evidence from a visual prior-entry study.'
type: journal_article
user_id: '42165'
volume: 64
year: '2011'
...
---
_id: '6073'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The paper is concerned with two models of early visual processing which predict
    that priming of a visual mask by a preceding masked stimulus speeds up conscious
    perception of the mask (perceptual latency priming). One model ascribes this speed-up
    to facilitation by visuo-spatial attention [Scharlau, I., & Neumann, O. (2003a).
    Perceptual latency priming by masked and unmasked stimuli: Evidence for an attentional
    explanation. Psychological Research 67, 184-197], the other attributes it to nonspecific
    upgrading mediated by retino-thalamic and thalamo-cortical pathways [Bachmann,
    T. (1994). Psychophysiology of visual masking: The fine structure of conscious
    experience. Commack, NY: Nova Science Publishers]. The models make different predictions
    about the time course of perceptual latency priming. Four experiments test these
    predictions. The results provide more support for the attentional than for the
    upgrading model. The experiments further demonstrate that testing latency facilitation
    w'
author:
- first_name: Ingrid
  full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
  id: '451'
  last_name: Scharlau
  orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
- first_name: Ulrich
  full_name: Ansorge, Ulrich
  last_name: Ansorge
- first_name: Gernot
  full_name: Horstmann, Gernot
  last_name: Horstmann
citation:
  ama: 'Scharlau I, Ansorge U, Horstmann G. Latency facilitation in temporal-order
    judgments: Time course of facilitation as a function of judgment type. <i>Acta
    Psychologica</i>. 2006;122(2):129-159.'
  apa: 'Scharlau, I., Ansorge, U., &#38; Horstmann, G. (2006). Latency facilitation
    in temporal-order judgments: Time course of facilitation as a function of judgment
    type. <i>Acta Psychologica</i>, <i>122</i>(2), 129–159.'
  bibtex: '@article{Scharlau_Ansorge_Horstmann_2006, title={Latency facilitation in
    temporal-order judgments: Time course of facilitation as a function of judgment
    type.}, volume={122}, number={2}, journal={Acta Psychologica}, author={Scharlau,
    Ingrid and Ansorge, Ulrich and Horstmann, Gernot}, year={2006}, pages={129–159}
    }'
  chicago: 'Scharlau, Ingrid, Ulrich Ansorge, and Gernot Horstmann. “Latency Facilitation
    in Temporal-Order Judgments: Time Course of Facilitation as a Function of Judgment
    Type.” <i>Acta Psychologica</i> 122, no. 2 (2006): 129–59.'
  ieee: 'I. Scharlau, U. Ansorge, and G. Horstmann, “Latency facilitation in temporal-order
    judgments: Time course of facilitation as a function of judgment type.,” <i>Acta
    Psychologica</i>, vol. 122, no. 2, pp. 129–159, 2006.'
  mla: 'Scharlau, Ingrid, et al. “Latency Facilitation in Temporal-Order Judgments:
    Time Course of Facilitation as a Function of Judgment Type.” <i>Acta Psychologica</i>,
    vol. 122, no. 2, 2006, pp. 129–59.'
  short: I. Scharlau, U. Ansorge, G. Horstmann, Acta Psychologica 122 (2006) 129–159.
date_created: 2018-12-10T07:04:39Z
date_updated: 2022-06-07T00:24:32Z
department:
- _id: '424'
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       122'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- latency facilitation
- temporal order judgments
- visual processing
- priming
- conscious perception
- visual mask
- Adult
- Attention
- Female
- Humans
- Judgment
- Male
- Perceptual Masking
- Reaction Time
- Space Perception
- Time Perception
- Visual Perception
- Consciousness States
- Judgment
- Priming
- Visual Masking
- Temporal Order (Judgment)
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://kw.uni-paderborn.de/fileadmin/fakultaet/Institute/psychologie/Kognitive_Psychologie/Publikationen/ScharlauAnsorgeHorstmann2006TimeCourse.pdf
oa: '1'
page: 129 - 159
publication: Acta Psychologica
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0001-6918
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'Latency facilitation in temporal-order judgments: Time course of facilitation
  as a function of judgment type.'
type: journal_article
user_id: '42165'
volume: 122
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '6078'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Four experiments investigated the influence of a metacontrast-masked prime
    on temporal order judgments. The main results were (1) that a masked prime reduced
    the latency of the mask's conscious perception (perceptual latency priming), (2)
    that this effect was independent of whether the prime suffered strong or weak
    masking, (3) that it was unaffected by the degree of visual similarity between
    the prime and the mask, and that (4) there was no difference between congruent
    and incongruent primes. Finding (1) suggests that location cueing affects not
    only response times but also the latency of conscious perception. (2) The finding
    that priming was unaffected by the prime's detectability argues against a response
    bias interpretation of this effect. (3) Since visual similarity had no effect
    on the prime's efficiency, it is unlikely that sensory priming was involved. (4)
    The lack of a divergence between the effects of congruent and incongruent primes
    implies a functional difference between t
author:
- first_name: Ingrid
  full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
  id: '451'
  last_name: Scharlau
  orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
- first_name: Odmar
  full_name: Neumann, Odmar
  last_name: Neumann
citation:
  ama: 'Scharlau I, Neumann O. Perceptual latency priming by masked and unmasked stimuli:
    Evidence for an attentional interpretation. <i>Psychological Research</i>. 2003;67(3):184-196.'
  apa: 'Scharlau, I., &#38; Neumann, O. (2003). Perceptual latency priming by masked
    and unmasked stimuli: Evidence for an attentional interpretation. <i>Psychological
    Research</i>, <i>67</i>(3), 184–196.'
  bibtex: '@article{Scharlau_Neumann_2003, title={Perceptual latency priming by masked
    and unmasked stimuli: Evidence for an attentional interpretation.}, volume={67},
    number={3}, journal={Psychological Research}, author={Scharlau, Ingrid and Neumann,
    Odmar}, year={2003}, pages={184–196} }'
  chicago: 'Scharlau, Ingrid, and Odmar Neumann. “Perceptual Latency Priming by Masked
    and Unmasked Stimuli: Evidence for an Attentional Interpretation.” <i>Psychological
    Research</i> 67, no. 3 (2003): 184–96.'
  ieee: 'I. Scharlau and O. Neumann, “Perceptual latency priming by masked and unmasked
    stimuli: Evidence for an attentional interpretation.,” <i>Psychological Research</i>,
    vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 184–196, 2003.'
  mla: 'Scharlau, Ingrid, and Odmar Neumann. “Perceptual Latency Priming by Masked
    and Unmasked Stimuli: Evidence for an Attentional Interpretation.” <i>Psychological
    Research</i>, vol. 67, no. 3, 2003, pp. 184–96.'
  short: I. Scharlau, O. Neumann, Psychological Research 67 (2003) 184–196.
date_created: 2018-12-10T07:05:43Z
date_updated: 2022-06-07T00:27:08Z
department:
- _id: '424'
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        67'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- perceptual latency priming
- temporal order judgments
- masked stimuli
- unmasked stimuli
- attentional interpretation
- response times
- location cueing
- visual perception
- Adult
- Attention
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Models
- Psychological
- Perceptual Masking
- Psychometrics
- Reaction Time
- Task Performance and Analysis
- Time Perception
- Masking
- Reaction Time
- Response Latency
- Stimulus Parameters
- Visual Contrast
- Attention
- Cues
- Priming
- Temporal Frequency
- Temporal Order (Judgment)
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://kw.uni-paderborn.de/fileadmin/fakultaet/Institute/psychologie/Kognitive_Psychologie/Publikationen/ScharlauNeumann2003PsychResPLP.pdf
oa: '1'
page: 184 - 196
publication: Psychological Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0340-0727
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'Perceptual latency priming by masked and unmasked stimuli: Evidence for an
  attentional interpretation.'
type: journal_article
user_id: '42165'
volume: 67
year: '2003'
...
---
_id: '6086'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Visual stimuli (primes) reduce the perceptual latency of a target appearing
    at the same location (perceptual latency priming, PLP). Three experiments assessed
    the time course of PLP by masked and, in Experiment 3, unmasked primes. Experiments
    1 (N=11; mean age 26.9) and 2 (N=12; mean age 25.6) investigated the temporal
    parameters that determine the size of priming. Stimulus onset asynchrony was found
    to exert the main influence accompanied by a small effect of prime duration. Experiment
    3 (N=19; mean age 27.7) used a large range of priming onset asynchronies. We suggest
    to explain PLP by the Asynchronous Updating Model which relates it to the asynchrony
    of 2 central coding processes, preattentive coding of basic visual features and
    attentional orienting as a prerequisite for perceptual judgments and conscious
    perception. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
author:
- first_name: Ingrid
  full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
  id: '451'
  last_name: Scharlau
  orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
- first_name: Odmar
  full_name: Neumann, Odmar
  last_name: Neumann
citation:
  ama: Scharlau I, Neumann O. Temporal parameters and time course of perceptual latency
    priming. <i>Acta Psychologica</i>. 2003;113(2):185-203.
  apa: Scharlau, I., &#38; Neumann, O. (2003). Temporal parameters and time course
    of perceptual latency priming. <i>Acta Psychologica</i>, <i>113</i>(2), 185–203.
  bibtex: '@article{Scharlau_Neumann_2003, title={Temporal parameters and time course
    of perceptual latency priming.}, volume={113}, number={2}, journal={Acta Psychologica},
    author={Scharlau, Ingrid and Neumann, Odmar}, year={2003}, pages={185–203} }'
  chicago: 'Scharlau, Ingrid, and Odmar Neumann. “Temporal Parameters and Time Course
    of Perceptual Latency Priming.” <i>Acta Psychologica</i> 113, no. 2 (2003): 185–203.'
  ieee: I. Scharlau and O. Neumann, “Temporal parameters and time course of perceptual
    latency priming.,” <i>Acta Psychologica</i>, vol. 113, no. 2, pp. 185–203, 2003.
  mla: Scharlau, Ingrid, and Odmar Neumann. “Temporal Parameters and Time Course of
    Perceptual Latency Priming.” <i>Acta Psychologica</i>, vol. 113, no. 2, 2003,
    pp. 185–203.
  short: I. Scharlau, O. Neumann, Acta Psychologica 113 (2003) 185–203.
date_created: 2018-12-10T07:07:20Z
date_updated: 2022-06-07T00:27:35Z
department:
- _id: '424'
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       113'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- perceptual latency priming
- temporal parameters
- Asynchronous Updating Model
- time course
- stimulus onset asynchrony
- visual masking
- attention
- Adult
- Attention
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Perceptual Masking
- Reaction Time
- Time Perception
- Visual Perception
- Attention
- Priming
- Stimulus Onset
- Visual Masking
- Visual Perception
- Models
- Time
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://kw.uni-paderborn.de/fileadmin/fakultaet/Institute/psychologie/Kognitive_Psychologie/Publikationen/ScharlauNeumann2003ActaPsychTimeCourse.pdf
oa: '1'
page: 185 - 203
publication: Acta Psychologica
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0001-6918
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Temporal parameters and time course of perceptual latency priming.
type: journal_article
user_id: '42165'
volume: 113
year: '2003'
...
---
_id: '6074'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Presenting a masked prime leading a target influences the perceived onset
    of the masking target. This priming effect is explained by the asynchronous updating
    model: The prime initiates attentional allocation toward its location, which renders
    a trailing target at the same place consciously available earlier. In 3 experiments,
    this perceptual latency priming by leading primes was examined jointly with the
    effects of trailing primes in order to compare the explanation of the asynchronous
    updating model with the onset-averaging and the P-center hypotheses. Exp 1 (n=15,
    mean age 27.1 yrs) showed that an attended, as well as an unattended, prime leads
    to perceptual latency priming. In addition, a large effect of trailing primes
    on the onset of a target was found. As Exp 2 (n=13, mean age 26.5 yrs) demonstrated,
    this effect is quite robust, although smaller than that of a leading prime. In
    Exp 3 (n=13, mean age 24.8 yrs), masked primes were used. Under these conditions,
    no influence of tra'
author:
- first_name: Ingrid
  full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
  id: '451'
  last_name: Scharlau
  orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
citation:
  ama: 'Scharlau I. Leading, but not trailing, primes influence temporal order perception:
    Further evidence for an attentional account of perceptual latency priming. <i>Perception
    &#38; Psychophysics</i>. 2002;64(8):1346-1360.'
  apa: 'Scharlau, I. (2002). Leading, but not trailing, primes influence temporal
    order perception: Further evidence for an attentional account of perceptual latency
    priming. <i>Perception &#38; Psychophysics</i>, <i>64</i>(8), 1346–1360.'
  bibtex: '@article{Scharlau_2002, title={Leading, but not trailing, primes influence
    temporal order perception: Further evidence for an attentional account of perceptual
    latency priming.}, volume={64}, number={8}, journal={Perception &#38; Psychophysics},
    author={Scharlau, Ingrid}, year={2002}, pages={1346–1360} }'
  chicago: 'Scharlau, Ingrid. “Leading, but Not Trailing, Primes Influence Temporal
    Order Perception: Further Evidence for an Attentional Account of Perceptual Latency
    Priming.” <i>Perception &#38; Psychophysics</i> 64, no. 8 (2002): 1346–60.'
  ieee: 'I. Scharlau, “Leading, but not trailing, primes influence temporal order
    perception: Further evidence for an attentional account of perceptual latency
    priming.,” <i>Perception &#38; Psychophysics</i>, vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 1346–1360,
    2002.'
  mla: 'Scharlau, Ingrid. “Leading, but Not Trailing, Primes Influence Temporal Order
    Perception: Further Evidence for an Attentional Account of Perceptual Latency
    Priming.” <i>Perception &#38; Psychophysics</i>, vol. 64, no. 8, 2002, pp. 1346–60.'
  short: I. Scharlau, Perception &#38; Psychophysics 64 (2002) 1346–1360.
date_created: 2018-12-10T07:04:51Z
date_updated: 2022-06-07T00:28:04Z
department:
- _id: '424'
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        64'
issue: '8'
keyword:
- attention
- leading primes
- trailing primes
- temporal order perception
- perceptual latency priming
- Adult
- Attention
- Female
- Fixation
- Ocular
- Humans
- Male
- Perceptual Masking
- Random Allocation
- Time Perception
- Visual Perception
- Attention
- Masking
- Priming
- Stimulus Frequency
- Temporal Frequency
- Temporal Order (Judgment)
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://kw.uni-paderborn.de/fileadmin/fakultaet/Institute/psychologie/Kognitive_Psychologie/Publikationen/Scharlau2002P_PLeadingTrailing.pdf
oa: '1'
page: 1346 - 1360
publication: Perception & Psychophysics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0031-5117
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'Leading, but not trailing, primes influence temporal order perception: Further
  evidence for an attentional account of perceptual latency priming.'
type: journal_article
user_id: '42165'
volume: 64
year: '2002'
...