@inproceedings{11917,
  abstract     = {{In this paper we present a speech presence probability (SPP) estimation algorithmwhich exploits both temporal and spectral correlations of speech. To this end, the SPP estimation is formulated as the posterior probability estimation of the states of a two-dimensional (2D) Hidden Markov Model (HMM). We derive an iterative algorithm to decode the 2D-HMM which is based on the turbo principle. The experimental results show that indeed the SPP estimates improve from iteration to iteration, and further clearly outperform another state-of-the-art SPP estimation algorithm.}},
  author       = {{Vu, Dang Hai Tran and Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold}},
  booktitle    = {{38th International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2013)}},
  issn         = {{1520-6149}},
  keywords     = {{correlation methods, estimation theory, hidden Markov models, iterative methods, probability, spectral analysis, speech processing, 2D HMM, SPP estimates, iterative algorithm, posterior probability estimation, spectral correlation, speech presence probability estimation, state-of-the-art SPP estimation algorithm, temporal correlation, turbo principle, two-dimensional hidden Markov model, Correlation, Decoding, Estimation, Iterative decoding, Noise, Speech, Vectors}},
  pages        = {{863--867}},
  title        = {{{Using the turbo principle for exploiting temporal and spectral correlations in speech presence probability estimation}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/ICASSP.2013.6637771}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

@article{4398,
  abstract     = {{Employing a Hausman–Taylor instrument variable (HT–IV) estimator to data from 558 microfinance institutions (MFIs) in 80 developing countries for the period from 2002 to 2007, this paper provides empirical evidence for a positive impact of a country's external governance quality and outcome on local microbanks' economic success in terms of profitability and sustainability. Evidence as well suggests a negative relationship between external governance and the microbanks' social success measured by the depth of outreach. In this context, our analysis reveals that a country's political stability, governance effectiveness, regulatory quality and rule of law are significant key elements of external governance affecting the MFIs' functional performance. Moreover, results from sensitivity analyses indicate that the relationship between external governance quality and microfinance functional performance significantly depends on the microbanks' business concepts, their lending methodologies and sources of funding.}},
  author       = {{Uhde, André and Müller, Oliver}},
  issn         = {{1752-0487}},
  journal      = {{ International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance }},
  keywords     = {{microfinance, external governance, economic success, social success, developing countries, profitability, sustainability, microbanks, outreach, political stability, governance effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, governance quality, lending methodologies, funding sources}},
  number       = {{2/3}},
  pages        = {{116--149}},
  title        = {{{External governance outcome and microfinance success}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMEF.2013.056394}},
  volume       = {{6}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

@inproceedings{37109,
  abstract     = {{This study examines the effect of audit on private firms’ cost of debt. We use a sample of 1,949 small private firms operating in the period 2006-2010 with optional financial statement audit. High quality data allows us to construct a more precise interest rate measure than existing studies employ. After controlling for obvious sources of demand for voluntary audits (ownership complexity, subsidiary status, bank relations), we find a robust central result that voluntary audits increase rather than decrease the cost of debt financing, contrary to several existing studies. This finding indicates that voluntary audits are generally treated as “adopting a label” and penalised by creditors, regardless of the perceived auditor quality as a result of the lemon problem in the audit market. Even Big-4 audits increase the cost of debt, likely as a result due to the lemon problem in the audit market, although the increase is smaller than for non-Big-4 audits. The results are sensitive to the estimation method used (OLS, Heckman’s two-step, PSM) and (sub-)sample selection. We show that disregarding the underlying assumptions of these estimation methods may lead to incorrect inferences. Additional analyses show that audited firms’ reported earnings are less informative about future operating performance than earnings of their unaudited counterparts. Our results also indicate that results are sensitive to cost of debt definition and this might have affected the results reported in the existing literature.}},
  author       = {{Kosi, Urska and Koren, Jerney and Valentincic, Aljosa}},
  keywords     = {{private firms, voluntary audit, cost of debt, self-selection bias, lemon problem}},
  location     = {{Paris, France}},
  title        = {{{Does Financial Statement Audit Reduce the Cost of Debt of Private Firms?}}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

@article{17204,
  abstract     = {{In a longitudinal naturalistic study, we observed German mothers interacting with their infants when they were 3 and 6 months old. Pursuing the idea that infants’ attention is socialized in everyday interactions, we explored whether eye contact is reinforced selectively by behavioral modification in the input provided to infants. Applying a microanalytical approach focusing on the sequential organization of interaction, we explored how the mother draws the infant’s attention to herself and how she tries to maintain attention when the infant is looking at her. Results showed that eye contact is reinforced by specific infant-directed practices: interrogatives and conversational openings, multimodal stimulation, repetition, and imitation. In addition, these practices are contingent on the infant’s own behavior. By comparing the two data points (3 and 6 months), we showed how the education of attention evolves hand-in-hand with the developing capacities of the infant.}},
  author       = {{Nomikou, Iris and Rohlfing, Katharina and Szufnarowska, Joanna}},
  issn         = {{1572-0381}},
  journal      = {{Interaction Studies}},
  keywords     = {{interactional adaptation, multimodal input, social learning, ecology of attention, eye contact}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{240--267}},
  publisher    = {{John Benjamins Publishing Company}},
  title        = {{{Educating attention: recruiting, maintaining, and framing eye contact in early natural mother-infant interactions}}},
  doi          = {{10.1075/is.14.2.05nom}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

@article{43426,
  author       = {{Meschut, G. and Hahn, O. and Janzen, V. and Olfermann, T.}},
  issn         = {{0043-2288}},
  journal      = {{Welding in the World}},
  keywords     = {{Metals and Alloys, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{65--75}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Innovative joining technologies for multi-material structures}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s40194-013-0098-3}},
  volume       = {{58}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

@article{46510,
  author       = {{Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Angrisani, Gian Luigi and Klose, Christian and Bach, Friedrich-Wilhelm and Hassel, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{0933-5137}},
  journal      = {{Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{84--93}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Korrosionsverhalten binärer Magnesium-Zink-Legierungen in salzhaltigen Medien}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/mawe.201300019}},
  volume       = {{44}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

@article{20863,
  abstract     = {{This article examines and extends research on the relation between the capital asset pricing model market beta, accounting risk measures and macroeconomic risk factors. We employ a beta decomposition approach that nests competing models with different business risk proxies and allows to frame cross-model comparison. Because model tests require estimated independent variables resulting in measurement error, we empirically estimate three comparable model specifications with instrumental variable estimators and for the first time provide thorough instrument diagnostics in this setting. Correcting for the heretofore neglected weak instruments problem we find that growth risk (i.e., the risk of firm sales variations that are inconsistent with the market wide trends), is the business risk that explains cross-sectional variations in market beta best.}},
  author       = {{Schlueter, Tobias and Sievers, Sönke}},
  issn         = {{0924-865X}},
  journal      = {{Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting (VHB-JOURQUAL 4 Ranking B)}},
  keywords     = {{CAPM, Cost of capital, Accounting beta, Intrinsic business risk, Growth risk, Instrumental variables}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{535--570}},
  title        = {{{Determinants of market beta: the impacts of firm-specific accounting figures and market conditions}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s11156-013-0352-1}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

@article{5108,
  abstract     = {{This study integrates the government in the context of company valuation. Our framework allows to analyze and to quantify the risk-sharing effects and conflicts of interest between the government and the shareholders when firms follow different financial policies. We provide novel evidence that firms with fixed future levels of debt might invest more than socially desirable. Economically, this happens if the gain in tax-shields is big enough to outweigh the loss in the unlevered firm value. Our findings have implications for the practice of investment subsidy programs provided by the government to avoid fostering investments beyond the socially optimal level. }},
  author       = {{Kreutzmann, Daniel and Sievers, Sönke and Mueller, Christian}},
  journal      = {{Applied Financial Economics (VHB-JOURQUAL 4 Ranking C)}},
  keywords     = {{corporate tax claim, company valuation, optimal investment, cost of capital}},
  number       = {{11}},
  pages        = {{977--989}},
  publisher    = {{Taylor \& Francis}},
  title        = {{{Investment distortions and the value of the government's tax claim}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/09603107.2013.786161}},
  volume       = {{23}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

@inproceedings{11864,
  abstract     = {{In this work, an observation model for the joint compensation of noise and reverberation in the logarithmic mel power spectral density domain is considered. It relates the features of the noisy reverberant speech to those of the non-reverberant speech and the noise. In contrast to enhancement of features only corrupted by reverberation (reverberant features), enhancement of noisy reverberant features requires a more sophisticated model for the error introduced by the proposed observation model. In a first consideration, it will be shown that this error is highly dependent on the instantaneous ratio of the power of reverberant speech to the power of the noise and, moreover, sensitive to the phase between reverberant speech and noise in the short-time discrete Fourier domain. Afterwards, a statistically motivated approach will be presented allowing for the model of the observation error to be inferred from the error model previously used for the reverberation only case. Finally, the developed observation error model will be utilized in a Bayesian feature enhancement scheme, leading to improvements in word accuracy on the AURORA5 database.}},
  author       = {{Leutnant, Volker and Krueger, Alexander and Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold}},
  booktitle    = {{Signal Processing, Communications and Computing (ICSPCC), 2012 IEEE International Conference on}},
  keywords     = {{Robust Automatic Speech Recognition, Bayesian feature enhancement, observation model for reverberant and noisy speech}},
  title        = {{{A Statistical Observation Model For Noisy Reverberant Speech Features and its Application to Robust ASR}}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}

@article{39520,
  author       = {{Brockmeier, A and Rodriguez, F J Santos and Harrison, M and Hilleringmann, Ulrich}},
  issn         = {{0960-1317}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering}},
  keywords     = {{Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials}},
  number       = {{12}},
  publisher    = {{IOP Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Surface tension and its role for vertical wet etching of silicon}}},
  doi          = {{10.1088/0960-1317/22/12/125012}},
  volume       = {{22}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}

@article{39522,
  author       = {{Brockmeier, A and Rodriguez, F J Santos and Harrison, M and Hilleringmann, Ulrich}},
  issn         = {{0960-1317}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering}},
  keywords     = {{Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials}},
  number       = {{12}},
  publisher    = {{IOP Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Surface tension and its role for vertical wet etching of silicon}}},
  doi          = {{10.1088/0960-1317/22/12/125012}},
  volume       = {{22}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}

@article{46512,
  author       = {{Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Hassel, Thomas and Bach, Friedrich-Wilhelm}},
  issn         = {{0933-5137}},
  journal      = {{Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  number       = {{12}},
  pages        = {{1067--1073}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Einfluss der Oberflächenbehandlung auf das Korrosionsverhalten von Magnesiumlegierungen}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/mawe.201200921}},
  volume       = {{43}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}

@inproceedings{1122,
  abstract     = {{Within this paper, we will describe a new approach to customer interaction management by integrating social networking channels into existing business processes. Until now, contact center agents still read these messages and forward them to the persons in charge of customer’s in the company. But with the introduction of Web 2.0 and social networking clients are more likely to communicate with the companies via Facebook and Twitter instead of filling data in contact forms or sending e-mail requests. In order to maintain an active communication with international clients via social media, the multilingual consumer contacts have to be categorized and then automatically assigned to the corresponding business processes (e.g. technicalservice, shipping, marketing, and accounting). This allows the company to follow general trends in customer opinions on the Internet, but also record two-sided communication for customer relationship management.}},
  author       = {{Geierhos, Michaela and Lee, Yeong Su and Bargel, Matthias}},
  booktitle    = {{Multilingual Resources, Multilingual Applications: Proceedings of the Conference of the German Society for Computational Linguistics and Language Technology (GSCL) 2011}},
  editor       = {{Hedeland, Hanna and Schmidt, Thomas and Wörner, Kai}},
  issn         = {{0176-599X}},
  keywords     = {{Classification of Multilingual Customer Contacts, Contact Center Application Support, Social Media Business Integration}},
  location     = {{Hamburg, Germany}},
  pages        = {{219--222}},
  publisher    = {{University of Hamburg}},
  title        = {{{Processing Multilingual Customer Contacts via Social Media}}},
  volume       = {{96}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}

@article{6084,
  abstract     = {{Attended stimuli are perceived as occurring earlier than unattended stimuli. This phenomenon of prior entry is usually identified by a shift in the point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) in temporal order judgements (TOJs). According to its traditional psychophysical interpretation, the PSS coincides with the perception of simultaneity. This assumption is, however, questionable. Technically, the PSS represents the temporal interval between two stimuli at which the two alternative TOJs are equally likely. Thus it also seems possible that observers perceive not simultaneity, but uncertainty of temporal order. This possibility is supported by prior-entry studies, which find that perception of simultaneity is not very likely at the PSS. The present study tested the percept at the PSS in prior entry, using peripheral cues to orient attention. We found that manipulating attention caused varying temporal perceptions around the PSS. On some occasions observers perceived the two stimuli as sim}},
  author       = {{Weiß, Katharina and Scharlau, Ingrid}},
  issn         = {{1747-0218}},
  journal      = {{The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology}},
  keywords     = {{temporal order perception, simultaneity, temporal order judgment, attention, visual perception, Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Cues, Discrimination (Psychology), Female, Humans, Judgment, Male, Models, Psychological, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Time Factors, Uncertainty, Visual Perception, Young Adult, Attention, Judgment, Stimulus Similarity, Time Perception, Visual Discrimination, Temporal Order (Judgment)}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{394 -- 416}},
  title        = {{{Simultaneity and temporal order perception: Different sides of the same coin? Evidence from a visual prior-entry study.}}},
  volume       = {{64}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}

@article{17246,
  author       = {{Nomikou, Iris and Rohlfing, Katharina}},
  issn         = {{1943-0612}},
  journal      = {{IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development}},
  keywords     = {{acoustic packaging, mother-child interaction, social learning, multimodal grounding in input, ecology of interactions, synchrony}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{113--128}},
  publisher    = {{Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}},
  title        = {{{Language Does Something: Body Action and Language in Maternal Input to Three-Month-Olds}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/TAMD.2011.2140113}},
  volume       = {{3}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}

@article{46511,
  author       = {{Waltz, Florian and Swider, Mark A. and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Hassel, Thomas and Erne, Martin and Möhwald, Kai and Adlung, Matthias and Feldhoff, Armin and Wickleder, Claudia and Bach, Friedrich-Wilhelm and Behrens, Peter}},
  issn         = {{0022-2461}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Materials Science}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, General Materials Science}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{176--183}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Synthesis of highly stable magnesium fluoride suspensions and their application in the corrosion protection of a Magnesium alloy}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s10853-011-5785-0}},
  volume       = {{47}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}

@article{28449,
  abstract     = {{This article investigates forms of address, in particular the T/V distinction in German, in conversational interviews with German-speaking immigrants to English-speaking Canada and their descendants. From among 77 interviews conducted in two urban areas in Canada, we discuss instances of both the interactional use of and metalinguistic comments on forms of address. Our analysis is largely guided by conversation analysis and interactional sociolinguistics (e.g. Goodwin & Heritage 1990). Using Clyne, Norrby and Warren’s (2009) model of address as a backdrop, we investigate the construction of group identity and group socialization through the lens of positioning theory (e.g. van Langenhove & Harré 1993; Dailey-O’Cain & Liebscher 2009). This combination of analytical tools can explain shifts in both usage of and attitudes toward the T/V distinction that cannot be explained through language attrition arguments alone.}},
  author       = {{Liebscher, Grit and Dailey-O’Cain, Jennifer and Müller, Mareike and Reichert, Tetyana}},
  issn         = {{1018-2101}},
  journal      = {{Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA)}},
  keywords     = {{Forms of address, T/V distinction, Du vs. Sie, Conversation analysis, Language attitudes, Interviews, German in Canada, Migration studies, North American migration}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{375--400}},
  title        = {{{Negotiating identities through pronouns of address in an immigrant community}}},
  doi          = {{10.1075/prag.20.3.04lie}},
  volume       = {{20}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}

@techreport{4448,
  abstract     = {{"Lernkultur" wird als Begriff häufig gebraucht und fast ebenso häufig definiert  das gilt für den betrieblichen Kontext ebenso wie für die Bereiche der Schul-, Hochschul-, Berufs- und Erwachsenenbildung (z. B. Wulf, Althans, Blaschke, Ferrin, Göhlich, Jörissen, Mattig et al., 2007; Jenert, Zellweger Moser, Dommen & Gebhardt, 2009; Kirchhöfer, 2004; Erpenbeck & Sauer, 2000). Trotz der grossen Aufmerksamkeit, die der Begriff in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten erfahren hat, kann man nicht von einem in sich geschlossenen Forschungsprogramm sprechen. Die Zugänge zum Phänomenbereich Lernkultur sind ebenso vielfältig wie die hinter einzelnen Ansätzen stehenden Lernkulturkonstrukte. Den Autoren ist keine Publikation bekannt, welche unterschiedliche Ansätze der Lernkulturforschung systematisch aufarbeitet. Eine wichtige Referenzquelle ist der Bericht von Kuh und Whitt (1988) "The Invisible Tapestry: Culture in American Colleges and Universities". Ausgehend von einer fundierten Übersicht zu unterschiedlichen Zugängen zum Kulturbegriff (oft in starker Anlehnung an die Organisationskulturforschung (vgl. Allaire & Firsirotu, 1984)) stellen die Autoren ein Rahmenmodell zur Analyse von Hochschulkulturen vor (Kuh und Whitt, 1988, S. 56). Diese Arbeit erweist sich für ein besseres Verständnis unter-schiedlicher Zugänge zum Lernkulturbegriff als aufschlussreich, weil im Kontext Hoch-schule zwangsweise viele Aspekte des Lernens und Lehrens angesprochen werden. Allerdings fokussiert auch dieser Bericht nicht das Konstrukt der Lernkultur und bietet damit nur einen Ausgangspunkt für die Identifizierung unterschiedlicher Zugänge.}},
  author       = {{Jenert, Tobias and Gebhardt, Anja}},
  keywords     = {{Lernkultur, learning culture, culture theory, approaches to learning culture, culture of learning}},
  title        = {{{Zugänge zum Begriff der Lernkultur: Eine Systematisierung auf Basis kultur-und lerntheoretischer Überlegungen}}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}

@article{9749,
  abstract     = {{Piezoelectric materials find wide application in technical systems. Most often, a combination of piezoelectric and other materials is advantageous. The position and the amount of the piezoelectric material within the overall system depends on various aspects like maximum mechanical output to the load, maximum electromechanical efficiency of the system, maximum utilization of the piezoelectric material, minimum self-heating of the piezoelectric material, and controllability of the system, which might be key aspects for the optimisation of the system design. For a composite longitudinal vibrator (bolted Langevin transducer), which is a base for many technical applications, this contribution shows in detail, how above mentioned aspects depend on the position and volume of the piezoelectric material related to the mode shape.}},
  author       = {{Hemsel, Tobias and Lierk, Ernst Günther and Littmann, Walter and Morita, Takeshi}},
  issn         = {{1948-5719}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Korean Physical Society}},
  keywords     = {{Bolted Langevin transducer, Optimum placement of piezoelectric ceramics}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{933--937}},
  title        = {{{Various Aspects of the Placement of a Piezoelectric Material in Composite Actuators, Motors, and Transducers}}},
  doi          = {{10.3938/jkps.57.933}},
  volume       = {{57}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}

@article{11846,
  abstract     = {{In this paper, we present a new technique for automatic speech recognition (ASR) in reverberant environments. Our approach is aimed at the enhancement of the logarithmic Mel power spectrum, which is computed at an intermediate stage to obtain the widely used Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). Given the reverberant logarithmic Mel power spectral coefficients (LMPSCs), a minimum mean square error estimate of the clean LMPSCs is computed by carrying out Bayesian inference. We employ switching linear dynamical models as an a priori model for the dynamics of the clean LMPSCs. Further, we derive a stochastic observation model which relates the clean to the reverberant LMPSCs through a simplified model of the room impulse response (RIR). This model requires only two parameters, namely RIR energy and reverberation time, which can be estimated from the captured microphone signal. The performance of the proposed enhancement technique is studied on the AURORA5 database and compared to that of constrained maximum-likelihood linear regression (CMLLR). It is shown by experimental results that our approach significantly outperforms CMLLR and that up to 80\% of the errors caused by the reverberation are recovered. In addition to the fact that the approach is compatible with the standard MFCC feature vectors, it leaves the ASR back-end unchanged. It is of moderate computational complexity and suitable for real time applications.}},
  author       = {{Krueger, Alexander and Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold}},
  journal      = {{IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing}},
  keywords     = {{ASR, AURORA5 database, automatic speech recognition, Bayesian inference, belief networks, CMLLR, computational complexity, constrained maximum likelihood linear regression, least mean squares methods, LMPSC computation, logarithmic Mel power spectrum, maximum likelihood estimation, Mel frequency cepstral coefficients, MFCC feature vectors, microphone signal, minimum mean square error estimation, model-based feature enhancement, regression analysis, reverberant speech recognition, reverberation, RIR energy, room impulse response, speech recognition, stochastic observation model, stochastic processes}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{1692--1707}},
  title        = {{{Model-Based Feature Enhancement for Reverberant Speech Recognition}}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/TASL.2010.2049684}},
  volume       = {{18}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}