[{"abstract":[{"text":"Tire and road wear are a major source of emissions of nonexhaust particulate matter (PM) and make up the largest share of microplastics in the environment. To reduce tire wear through numerical optimization of a vehicle's suspension system, fast simulations of the representative usage of a vehicle are needed. Therefore, this contribution evaluates if instead of a full simulation of a representative test drive, only specific driving maneuvers resulting from a clustering of the driving data can be used to predict tire wear. As a measure for tire wear, the friction work between tire and road is calculated. It is shown that enough clusters result in negligible deviations between the total friction work of the full simulation and the cluster simulations as well as between the distributions of the friction work over the tire width. The calculation time can be reduced to about 1% of the full simulation.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Tire Wear","Vehicle Dynamics","Clustering","Virtual Test"],"year":"2022","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data","date_created":"2022-02-21T14:14:11Z","publisher":"Springer","status":"public","editor":[{"first_name":"Anna","full_name":"Orlova, Anna","last_name":"Orlova"},{"last_name":"Cole","full_name":"Cole, David","first_name":"David"}],"type":"conference","user_id":"77313","series_title":"Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering","department":[{"_id":"151"}],"_id":"29934","citation":{"ieee":"L. Muth, C. Noll, and W. Sextro, “Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data,” in <i>Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021</i>, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92\">10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92</a>.","chicago":"Muth, Lars, Christian Noll, and Walter Sextro. “Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data.” In <i>Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021</i>, edited by Anna Orlova and David Cole. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Cham: Springer, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92</a>.","ama":"Muth L, Noll C, Sextro W. Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data. In: Orlova A, Cole D, eds. <i>Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021</i>. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer; 2022. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92\">10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92</a>","short":"L. Muth, C. Noll, W. Sextro, in: A. Orlova, D. Cole (Eds.), Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021, Springer, Cham, 2022.","mla":"Muth, Lars, et al. “Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data.” <i>Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021</i>, edited by Anna Orlova and David Cole, Springer, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92\">10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Muth_Noll_Sextro_2022, place={Cham}, series={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering}, title={Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92\">10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92</a>}, booktitle={Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021}, publisher={Springer}, author={Muth, Lars and Noll, Christian and Sextro, Walter}, editor={Orlova, Anna and Cole, David}, year={2022}, collection={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering} }","apa":"Muth, L., Noll, C., &#38; Sextro, W. (2022). Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data. In A. Orlova &#38; D. Cole (Eds.), <i>Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021</i>. Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92</a>"},"place":"Cham","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-031-07304-5"],"eisbn":["978-3-031-07305-2"]},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92"}],"conference":{"end_date":"2021-08-19","location":"Saint Petersburg, Russia","name":"27th IAVSD Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, IAVSD 2021","start_date":"2021-08-17"},"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92","author":[{"first_name":"Lars","full_name":"Muth, Lars","id":"77313","orcid":"0000-0002-2938-5616","last_name":"Muth"},{"last_name":"Noll","full_name":"Noll, Christian","first_name":"Christian"},{"last_name":"Sextro","id":"21220","full_name":"Sextro, Walter","first_name":"Walter"}],"date_updated":"2022-08-23T11:55:07Z"},{"_id":"39403","department":[{"_id":"672"}],"user_id":"5786","keyword":["Unified modeling language","Logic","Formal verification","Real time systems","Programming profession","Vehicle dynamics","Software standards","Flexible manufacturing systems","Electronics industry","Protocols"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Proceedings of HICSS-35","type":"conference","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has received wide acceptance as a standard language in the field of software specification by means of different diagram types. In a recent version of UML, the textual Object Constraint Language (OCL) was introduced to support specification of constraints for UML models. But OCL currently does not provide sufficient means to specify constraints over the dynamic behavior of a model. This article presents an OCL extension that is consistent with current OCL and enables modelers to specify state-related time-bounded constraints. We consider the case study of a flexible manufacturing system and identify typical real-time constraints. The constraints are presented in our temporal OCL extension as well as in temporal logic formulae. For general application, we define a semantics of our OCL extension by means of a time-bounded temporal logic based on Computational Tree Logic (CTL)."}],"status":"public","date_updated":"2023-01-24T10:22:16Z","author":[{"first_name":"Stephan","full_name":"Flake, Stephan","last_name":"Flake"},{"first_name":"Wolfgang","last_name":"Müller","full_name":"Müller, Wolfgang","id":"16243"}],"date_created":"2023-01-24T10:22:12Z","title":"Specification of Real-Time Properties for UML Models","conference":{"name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","location":"Big Island, HI, USA "},"doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["0-7695-1435-9"]},"year":"2002","place":"Big Island, HI, USA ","citation":{"ama":"Flake S, Müller W. Specification of Real-Time Properties for UML Models. In: <i>Proceedings of HICSS-35</i>. ; 2002. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469\">10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469</a>","ieee":"S. Flake and W. Müller, “Specification of Real-Time Properties for UML Models,” presented at the Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, HI, USA , 2002, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469\">10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469</a>.","chicago":"Flake, Stephan, and Wolfgang Müller. “Specification of Real-Time Properties for UML Models.” In <i>Proceedings of HICSS-35</i>. Big Island, HI, USA , 2002. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469\">https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Flake_Müller_2002, place={Big Island, HI, USA }, title={Specification of Real-Time Properties for UML Models}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469\">10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469</a>}, booktitle={Proceedings of HICSS-35}, author={Flake, Stephan and Müller, Wolfgang}, year={2002} }","short":"S. Flake, W. Müller, in: Proceedings of HICSS-35, Big Island, HI, USA , 2002.","mla":"Flake, Stephan, and Wolfgang Müller. “Specification of Real-Time Properties for UML Models.” <i>Proceedings of HICSS-35</i>, 2002, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469\">10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469</a>.","apa":"Flake, S., &#38; Müller, W. (2002). Specification of Real-Time Properties for UML Models. <i>Proceedings of HICSS-35</i>. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, HI, USA . <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469\">https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469</a>"}}]