---
_id: '29934'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Tire and road wear are a major source of emissions of nonexhaust particulate
    matter (PM) and make up the largest share of microplastics in the environment.
    To reduce tire wear through numerical optimization of a vehicle's suspension system,
    fast simulations of the representative usage of a vehicle are needed. Therefore,
    this contribution evaluates if instead of a full simulation of a representative
    test drive, only specific driving maneuvers resulting from a clustering of the
    driving data can be used to predict tire wear. As a measure for tire wear, the
    friction work between tire and road is calculated. It is shown that enough clusters
    result in negligible deviations between the total friction work of the full simulation
    and the cluster simulations as well as between the distributions of the friction
    work over the tire width. The calculation time can be reduced to about 1% of the
    full simulation.
author:
- first_name: Lars
  full_name: Muth, Lars
  id: '77313'
  last_name: Muth
  orcid: 0000-0002-2938-5616
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Noll, Christian
  last_name: Noll
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: 'Muth L, Noll C, Sextro W. Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual
    Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data. In:
    Orlova A, Cole D, eds. <i>Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks
    II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle
    System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021</i>. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer;
    2022. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92">10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92</a>'
  apa: Muth, L., Noll, C., &#38; Sextro, W. (2022). Generation of a Reduced, Representative,
    Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data.
    In A. Orlova &#38; D. Cole (Eds.), <i>Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads
    and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association
    of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021</i>. Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Muth_Noll_Sextro_2022, place={Cham}, series={Lecture Notes
    in Mechanical Engineering}, title={Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual
    Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92">10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92</a>},
    booktitle={Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings
    of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics,
    IAVSD 2021}, publisher={Springer}, author={Muth, Lars and Noll, Christian and
    Sextro, Walter}, editor={Orlova, Anna and Cole, David}, year={2022}, collection={Lecture
    Notes in Mechanical Engineering} }'
  chicago: 'Muth, Lars, Christian Noll, and Walter Sextro. “Generation of a Reduced,
    Representative, Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering
    of Driving Data.” In <i>Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II
    - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle
    System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021</i>, edited by Anna Orlova and David Cole. Lecture
    Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Cham: Springer, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92</a>.'
  ieee: 'L. Muth, C. Noll, and W. Sextro, “Generation of a Reduced, Representative,
    Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data,”
    in <i>Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of
    the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics,
    IAVSD 2021</i>, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92">10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92</a>.'
  mla: Muth, Lars, et al. “Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual Test Drive
    for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data.” <i>Advances in
    Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium
    of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021</i>, edited
    by Anna Orlova and David Cole, Springer, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92">10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92</a>.
  short: 'L. Muth, C. Noll, W. Sextro, in: A. Orlova, D. Cole (Eds.), Advances in
    Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium
    of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021, Springer,
    Cham, 2022.'
conference:
  end_date: 2021-08-19
  location: Saint Petersburg, Russia
  name: 27th IAVSD Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, IAVSD 2021
  start_date: 2021-08-17
date_created: 2022-02-21T14:14:11Z
date_updated: 2022-08-23T11:55:07Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92
editor:
- first_name: Anna
  full_name: Orlova, Anna
  last_name: Orlova
- first_name: David
  full_name: Cole, David
  last_name: Cole
keyword:
- Tire Wear
- Vehicle Dynamics
- Clustering
- Virtual Test
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92
place: Cham
publication: Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings
  of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics,
  IAVSD 2021
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - 978-3-031-07305-2
  isbn:
  - 978-3-031-07304-5
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
series_title: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering
status: public
title: Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation
  of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data
type: conference
user_id: '77313'
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '39403'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has received wide acceptance as a standard
    language in the field of software specification by means of different diagram
    types. In a recent version of UML, the textual Object Constraint Language (OCL)
    was introduced to support specification of constraints for UML models. But OCL
    currently does not provide sufficient means to specify constraints over the dynamic
    behavior of a model. This article presents an OCL extension that is consistent
    with current OCL and enables modelers to specify state-related time-bounded constraints.
    We consider the case study of a flexible manufacturing system and identify typical
    real-time constraints. The constraints are presented in our temporal OCL extension
    as well as in temporal logic formulae. For general application, we define a semantics
    of our OCL extension by means of a time-bounded temporal logic based on Computational
    Tree Logic (CTL).
author:
- first_name: Stephan
  full_name: Flake, Stephan
  last_name: Flake
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Müller, Wolfgang
  id: '16243'
  last_name: Müller
citation:
  ama: 'Flake S, Müller W. Specification of Real-Time Properties for UML Models. In:
    <i>Proceedings of HICSS-35</i>. ; 2002. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469">10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469</a>'
  apa: Flake, S., &#38; Müller, W. (2002). Specification of Real-Time Properties for
    UML Models. <i>Proceedings of HICSS-35</i>. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii
    International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, HI, USA . <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469">https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Flake_Müller_2002, place={Big Island, HI, USA }, title={Specification
    of Real-Time Properties for UML Models}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469">10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469</a>},
    booktitle={Proceedings of HICSS-35}, author={Flake, Stephan and Müller, Wolfgang},
    year={2002} }'
  chicago: Flake, Stephan, and Wolfgang Müller. “Specification of Real-Time Properties
    for UML Models.” In <i>Proceedings of HICSS-35</i>. Big Island, HI, USA , 2002.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469">https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469</a>.
  ieee: 'S. Flake and W. Müller, “Specification of Real-Time Properties for UML Models,”
    presented at the Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference
    on System Sciences, Big Island, HI, USA , 2002, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469">10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469</a>.'
  mla: Flake, Stephan, and Wolfgang Müller. “Specification of Real-Time Properties
    for UML Models.” <i>Proceedings of HICSS-35</i>, 2002, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469">10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469</a>.
  short: 'S. Flake, W. Müller, in: Proceedings of HICSS-35, Big Island, HI, USA ,
    2002.'
conference:
  location: 'Big Island, HI, USA '
  name: Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
date_created: 2023-01-24T10:22:12Z
date_updated: 2023-01-24T10:22:16Z
department:
- _id: '672'
doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.994469
keyword:
- Unified modeling language
- Logic
- Formal verification
- Real time systems
- Programming profession
- Vehicle dynamics
- Software standards
- Flexible manufacturing systems
- Electronics industry
- Protocols
language:
- iso: eng
place: 'Big Island, HI, USA '
publication: Proceedings of HICSS-35
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 0-7695-1435-9
status: public
title: Specification of Real-Time Properties for UML Models
type: conference
user_id: '5786'
year: '2002'
...