---
_id: '46531'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Compulsory schooling reforms are often used to estimate monetary returns to
    education. Such reforms are unrelated to individual characteristics and preferences
    and thus arguably able to eliminate selection bias. However, as these reforms
    affect a large number of individuals in the relevant age groups, they might have
    spillover effects on individuals not directly affected by the reform. Such spillover
    effects constitute a problem for identification and estimation of returns to schooling.
    As they are difficult to address, they are mostly ignored in the empirical literature.
    I show that the introduction of the compulsory ninth grade in Germany led to a
    labor supply shock that might have increased wages and employment of individuals
    who were not directly subject to the reform and were assumed not to be affected
    in previous research. To investigate in this kinds of spillover effects, I exploit
    the staggered introduction of the compulsory ninth grade across German federal
    states in a difference-in-differences approach. Based on large scale register
    and survey data, I find no evidence for persistent spillover effects for men.
    For women, however, my results suggest that the labor supply shock resulting from
    the reform may have led to a persistent increase in employment and wages.
author:
- first_name: Valentin
  full_name: Schiele, Valentin
  id: '53779'
  last_name: Schiele
citation:
  ama: Schiele V. <i>Labor Market Spillover Effects of a Compulsory Schooling Reform
    in Germany</i>.; 2022.
  apa: Schiele, V. (2022). <i>Labor market spillover effects of a compulsory schooling
    reform in Germany</i>.
  bibtex: '@book{Schiele_2022, title={Labor market spillover effects of a compulsory
    schooling reform in Germany}, author={Schiele, Valentin}, year={2022} }'
  chicago: Schiele, Valentin. <i>Labor Market Spillover Effects of a Compulsory Schooling
    Reform in Germany</i>, 2022.
  ieee: V. Schiele, <i>Labor market spillover effects of a compulsory schooling reform
    in Germany</i>. 2022.
  mla: Schiele, Valentin. <i>Labor Market Spillover Effects of a Compulsory Schooling
    Reform in Germany</i>. 2022.
  short: V. Schiele, Labor Market Spillover Effects of a Compulsory Schooling Reform
    in Germany, 2022.
date_created: 2023-08-16T09:45:46Z
date_updated: 2023-08-20T17:57:42Z
department:
- _id: '281'
keyword:
- Compulsory schooling
- Education
- Spillover effects
- Cohort size
- Wages
- Employment
language:
- iso: eng
status: public
title: Labor market spillover effects of a compulsory schooling reform in Germany
type: working_paper
user_id: '53779'
year: '2022'
...