[{"oa":"1","citation":{"mla":"Bhila, Ishmael. “Investigating the Kill Cloud: Information Warfare, Autonomous Weapons &#38; AI.” <i>Digital War</i>, vol. 6, no. 4, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x\">10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x</a>.","ama":"Bhila I. Investigating the kill cloud: information warfare, autonomous weapons &#38; AI. <i>Digital War</i>. 2025;6(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x\">10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x</a>","bibtex":"@article{Bhila_2025, title={Investigating the kill cloud: information warfare, autonomous weapons &#38; AI}, volume={6}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x\">10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x</a>}, number={4}, journal={Digital War}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Bhila, Ishmael}, year={2025} }","apa":"Bhila, I. (2025). Investigating the kill cloud: information warfare, autonomous weapons &#38; AI. <i>Digital War</i>, <i>6</i>(4). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x\">https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x</a>","ieee":"I. Bhila, “Investigating the kill cloud: information warfare, autonomous weapons &#38; AI,” <i>Digital War</i>, vol. 6, no. 4, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x\">10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x</a>.","chicago":"Bhila, Ishmael. “Investigating the Kill Cloud: Information Warfare, Autonomous Weapons &#38; AI.” <i>Digital War</i> 6, no. 4 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x\">https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x</a>.","short":"I. Bhila, Digital War 6 (2025)."},"_id":"58472","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","volume":6,"user_id":"105772","status":"public","date_created":"2025-01-31T13:40:36Z","keyword":["autonomous weapons systems","algorithmic warfare","cloud computing","war on terror"],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Digital War","issue":"4","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The “kill chain”—involving the analysis of data by human users of military technologies, the understanding of that data, and human decisions—has fast been replaced by the “kill cloud” that necessitates, allows, and exacerbates increased thirst for domination, violence against distant populations, and a culture of experimentation with human lives. This commentary reports an interdisciplinary discussion organised by the Disruption Network Lab that brought together whistleblowers, artists, and experts investigating the impact of artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies on networked warfare. Exposing the problematics of networked warfare and the kill cloud, their colonial overtones, effects on human subjects in real life, erroneous scientific rationalities, and the (business) practices and logics that enable this algorithmic machinery of violence. The conference took place from the 29th of November to the 1st of December 2024 at the Kunstquartier Bethanien in Berlin, Germany."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x#article-info","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2662-1975","2662-1983"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Ishmael","last_name":"Bhila","full_name":"Bhila, Ishmael","id":"105772"}],"title":"Investigating the kill cloud: information warfare, autonomous weapons & AI","year":"2025","article_type":"review","intvolume":"         6","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-01-31T13:43:54Z"},{"title":"Share price reactions to tariff imposition announcements during the first Trump administration","year":"2025","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1544-6123"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Wengerek, Sascha Tobias","orcid":"0000-0002-7820-3903","last_name":"Wengerek","first_name":"Sascha Tobias","id":"48837"},{"full_name":"Uhde, André","last_name":"Uhde","first_name":"André","id":"36049"},{"id":"48476","first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Hippert","full_name":"Hippert, Benjamin"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-05-27T10:58:22Z","article_type":"original","intvolume":"        80","article_number":"107381","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381","publication":"Finance Research Letters","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This study analyzes the impact of tariff imposition announcements on the stock prices of 1,194 U.S. companies during the first Trump administration, using a unique sample of 4,624 announcements made by or against the U.S. between January 2018 and August 2019. We find that tariff announcements lead to negative (cumulative) average abnormal stock returns. These negative wealth effects occur regardless of whether the Trump administration imposes safeguard tariffs to protect domestic industries or foreign countries announce retaliatory tariffs. Moreover, the adverse impact is primarily driven by announcements involving China, with variations linked to sector-specific, tariff, trade, and firm characteristics."}],"date_created":"2025-04-25T05:44:31Z","type":"journal_article","keyword":["Geopolitical risk","Protectionism","Strategic trade policy","Tariffs","Trade conflict","U.S. – China trade war"],"department":[{"_id":"19"}],"status":"public","publisher":"Elsevier BV","_id":"59673","user_id":"36049","volume":80,"citation":{"ieee":"S. T. Wengerek, A. Uhde, and B. Hippert, “Share price reactions to tariff imposition announcements during the first Trump administration,” <i>Finance Research Letters</i>, vol. 80, Art. no. 107381, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381\">10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381</a>.","apa":"Wengerek, S. T., Uhde, A., &#38; Hippert, B. (2025). Share price reactions to tariff imposition announcements during the first Trump administration. <i>Finance Research Letters</i>, <i>80</i>, Article 107381. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381</a>","chicago":"Wengerek, Sascha Tobias, André Uhde, and Benjamin Hippert. “Share Price Reactions to Tariff Imposition Announcements during the First Trump Administration.” <i>Finance Research Letters</i> 80 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381</a>.","short":"S.T. Wengerek, A. Uhde, B. Hippert, Finance Research Letters 80 (2025).","mla":"Wengerek, Sascha Tobias, et al. “Share Price Reactions to Tariff Imposition Announcements during the First Trump Administration.” <i>Finance Research Letters</i>, vol. 80, 107381, Elsevier BV, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381\">10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Wengerek_Uhde_Hippert_2025, title={Share price reactions to tariff imposition announcements during the first Trump administration}, volume={80}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381\">10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381</a>}, number={107381}, journal={Finance Research Letters}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wengerek, Sascha Tobias and Uhde, André and Hippert, Benjamin}, year={2025} }","ama":"Wengerek ST, Uhde A, Hippert B. Share price reactions to tariff imposition announcements during the first Trump administration. <i>Finance Research Letters</i>. 2025;80. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381\">10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381</a>"},"quality_controlled":"1","oa":"1"},{"publisher":"iudicium","_id":"58324","page":"112-126","editor":[{"first_name":"Linda","last_name":"Karlsson Hammarfelt","full_name":"Karlsson Hammarfelt, Linda"},{"full_name":"Platen, Edgar","last_name":"Platen","first_name":"Edgar"},{"full_name":"Platen, Petra","last_name":"Platen","first_name":"Petra"}],"user_id":"26755","conference":{"end_date":"2023-10-09","location":"Universität Göteborg / Schweden","start_date":"2023-10-07","name":"13th conference Zur Darstellung von Zeitgeschichte in deutschsprachiger Gegenwartsliteratur"},"status":"public","place":"München","citation":{"mla":"Müller, Inez. “Zu den Unwägbarkeiten des Erbes - Unzuverlässiges Postmemory-Erzählen in den Gesellschaftsromanen ‘Das flüssige Land’ von Raphaela Edelbauer und in ‘Dunkelblum’ von Eva Menasse.” <i>Von neuen Blicken auf die frühe Nachkriegszeit</i>, edited by Linda Karlsson Hammarfelt et al., iudicium, 2024, pp. 112–26.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Müller_2024, place={München}, title={Zu den Unwägbarkeiten des Erbes - Unzuverlässiges Postmemory-Erzählen in den Gesellschaftsromanen “Das flüssige Land” von Raphaela Edelbauer und in “Dunkelblum” von Eva Menasse}, booktitle={Von neuen Blicken auf die frühe Nachkriegszeit}, publisher={iudicium}, author={Müller, Inez}, editor={Karlsson Hammarfelt, Linda and Platen, Edgar and Platen, Petra}, year={2024}, pages={112–126} }","ama":"Müller I. Zu den Unwägbarkeiten des Erbes - Unzuverlässiges Postmemory-Erzählen in den Gesellschaftsromanen “Das flüssige Land” von Raphaela Edelbauer und in “Dunkelblum” von Eva Menasse. In: Karlsson Hammarfelt L, Platen E, Platen P, eds. <i>Von neuen Blicken auf die frühe Nachkriegszeit</i>. iudicium; 2024:112-126.","ieee":"I. Müller, “Zu den Unwägbarkeiten des Erbes - Unzuverlässiges Postmemory-Erzählen in den Gesellschaftsromanen ‘Das flüssige Land’ von Raphaela Edelbauer und in ‘Dunkelblum’ von Eva Menasse,” in <i>Von neuen Blicken auf die frühe Nachkriegszeit</i>, Universität Göteborg / Schweden, 2024, pp. 112–126.","apa":"Müller, I. (2024). Zu den Unwägbarkeiten des Erbes - Unzuverlässiges Postmemory-Erzählen in den Gesellschaftsromanen “Das flüssige Land” von Raphaela Edelbauer und in “Dunkelblum” von Eva Menasse. In L. Karlsson Hammarfelt, E. Platen, &#38; P. Platen (Eds.), <i>Von neuen Blicken auf die frühe Nachkriegszeit</i> (pp. 112–126). iudicium.","chicago":"Müller, Inez. “Zu den Unwägbarkeiten des Erbes - Unzuverlässiges Postmemory-Erzählen in den Gesellschaftsromanen ‘Das flüssige Land’ von Raphaela Edelbauer und in ‘Dunkelblum’ von Eva Menasse.” In <i>Von neuen Blicken auf die frühe Nachkriegszeit</i>, edited by Linda Karlsson Hammarfelt, Edgar Platen, and Petra Platen, 112–26. München: iudicium, 2024.","short":"I. Müller, in: L. Karlsson Hammarfelt, E. Platen, P. Platen (Eds.), Von neuen Blicken auf die frühe Nachkriegszeit, iudicium, München, 2024, pp. 112–126."},"quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-86205-770-2"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Müller, Inez","last_name":"Müller","first_name":"Inez","id":"26755"}],"year":"2024","title":"Zu den Unwägbarkeiten des Erbes - Unzuverlässiges Postmemory-Erzählen in den Gesellschaftsromanen 'Das flüssige Land' von Raphaela Edelbauer und in 'Dunkelblum' von Eva Menasse","date_updated":"2025-02-07T13:25:37Z","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2025-01-22T14:00:26Z","department":[{"_id":"5"}],"type":"conference","keyword":["postmemory","unrelieable telling","war crimes in Austria in the context of the Second World War","Eva Menasse","Raphaela Edelbauer"],"publication":"Von neuen Blicken auf die frühe Nachkriegszeit"},{"citation":{"ama":"Hagengruber R. Zur Ehrenpromotion von Maria von Welser an der Fakultät für Kulturwissenschaften der Universität Paderborn. <i>Konsens</i>. 2019;2019(2019):20-22.","bibtex":"@article{Hagengruber_2019, title={Zur Ehrenpromotion von Maria von Welser an der Fakultät für Kulturwissenschaften der Universität Paderborn}, volume={2019}, number={2019}, journal={Konsens}, publisher={Deutscher Akademikerinnen Bund}, author={Hagengruber, Ruth}, year={2019}, pages={20–22} }","mla":"Hagengruber, Ruth. “Zur Ehrenpromotion von Maria von Welser an Der Fakultät Für Kulturwissenschaften Der Universität Paderborn.” <i>Konsens</i>, vol. 2019, no. 2019, Deutscher Akademikerinnen Bund, 2019, pp. 20–22.","short":"R. Hagengruber, Konsens 2019 (2019) 20–22.","chicago":"Hagengruber, Ruth. “Zur Ehrenpromotion von Maria von Welser an Der Fakultät Für Kulturwissenschaften Der Universität Paderborn.” <i>Konsens</i> 2019, no. 2019 (2019): 20–22.","apa":"Hagengruber, R. (2019). Zur Ehrenpromotion von Maria von Welser an der Fakultät für Kulturwissenschaften der Universität Paderborn. <i>Konsens</i>, <i>2019</i>(2019), 20–22.","ieee":"R. Hagengruber, “Zur Ehrenpromotion von Maria von Welser an der Fakultät für Kulturwissenschaften der Universität Paderborn,” <i>Konsens</i>, vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp. 20–22, 2019."},"popular_science":"1","oa":"1","status":"public","_id":"15494","publisher":"Deutscher Akademikerinnen Bund","page":"20-22","volume":2019,"user_id":"14931","publication":"Konsens","issue":"2019","date_created":"2020-01-13T08:41:06Z","department":[{"_id":"519"}],"keyword":["Maria von Welser","Women","Media","War","Women in War","Refugees"],"type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["09306633"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Hagengruber, Ruth","first_name":"Ruth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3360-6335","last_name":"Hagengruber","id":"198"}],"year":"2019","title":"Zur Ehrenpromotion von Maria von Welser an der Fakultät für Kulturwissenschaften der Universität Paderborn","intvolume":"      2019","date_updated":"2023-01-12T09:48:27Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}]},{"has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","jel":["H56","O10","D84","C72","D74"],"ddc":["040"],"user_id":"20801","volume":95,"_id":"8836","file_date_updated":"2019-04-08T06:49:16Z","citation":{"ieee":"T. Gries and C.-J. Haake, <i>An Economic Theory of “Destabilization War,”</i> vol. 95. 2016.","apa":"Gries, T., &#38; Haake, C.-J. (2016). <i>An Economic Theory of “Destabilization War”</i> (Vol. 95).","chicago":"Gries, Thomas, and Claus-Jochen Haake. <i>An Economic Theory of “Destabilization War.”</i> Vol. 95. Working Papers CIE, 2016.","short":"T. Gries, C.-J. Haake, An Economic Theory of “Destabilization War,” 2016.","mla":"Gries, Thomas, and Claus-Jochen Haake. <i>An Economic Theory of “Destabilization War.”</i> Vol. 95, 2016.","bibtex":"@book{Gries_Haake_2016, series={Working Papers CIE}, title={An Economic Theory of “Destabilization War”}, volume={95}, author={Gries, Thomas and Haake, Claus-Jochen}, year={2016}, collection={Working Papers CIE} }","ama":"Gries T, Haake C-J. <i>An Economic Theory of “Destabilization War.”</i> Vol 95.; 2016."},"date_updated":"2022-01-06T07:04:03Z","intvolume":"        95","title":"An Economic Theory of 'Destabilization War'","year":"2016","author":[{"id":"186","last_name":"Gries","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Gries, Thomas"},{"id":"20801","first_name":"Claus-Jochen","last_name":"Haake","full_name":"Haake, Claus-Jochen"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"series_title":"Working Papers CIE","abstract":[{"text":"While Islamic State is the most present example, it is a fact that in many places around the globe, throughout history initially small groups have tried to challenge and destabilize or even overthrow governments by means of terrorist and guerrilla strategies. Therefore, we answer two questions. Why does a small group of insurgents believe it can overthrow the government by turning violent, even if the government is clearly superior? And how does a conflict develop into terrorism, a guerilla war, or a major conventional civil war, or is resolved peacefully? We develop a formal model for rebels and government and derive optimal choices. Further, we focus on three elements as important ingredients of a \"destabilization war\". All three of these - large random events, time preference (which we relate to ideology), and choice of duration of fight - are rarely considered in formal conflict theory. We can answer the above two questions using game theory analysis. First, insurgents rise up because they hope to destabilize through permanent challenging attacks. In this context, large randomness is an important ally of rebels. While each individual attack may have a low impact, at some point a large random event could lead to success. Hence, the duration of activities is a constitutive element of this kind of armed conflict. Patience (low time preference), which may reflect rebels' degree of ideological motivation, is crucial. Second, the mode of warfare or the conflict resolutions that develop are generally path-dependent and conditioned on the full set of options (including compromise). Various conditions (level of funding, ease of recruitment, access to weapons) influence different modes of warfare or a peaceful compromise in a complex way.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"working_paper","keyword":["terrorism","civil war","conflict duration","game theory","stochastic process","ideology"],"department":[{"_id":"205"},{"_id":"475"}],"file":[{"file_name":"WP - An Economic Theory of ’Destabilization War'.pdf","file_size":516125,"access_level":"closed","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2019-04-08T06:49:16Z","file_id":"8838","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"creator":"cjhaake","date_created":"2019-04-08T06:49:16Z"}],"date_created":"2019-04-08T06:45:02Z"}]