---
_id: '58472'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The “kill chain”—involving the analysis of data by human users of military
    technologies, the understanding of that data, and human decisions—has fast been
    replaced by the “kill cloud” that necessitates, allows, and exacerbates increased
    thirst for domination, violence against distant populations, and a culture of
    experimentation with human lives. This commentary reports an interdisciplinary
    discussion organised by the Disruption Network Lab that brought together whistleblowers,
    artists, and experts investigating the impact of artificial intelligence and other
    emerging technologies on networked warfare. Exposing the problematics of networked
    warfare and the kill cloud, their colonial overtones, effects on human subjects
    in real life, erroneous scientific rationalities, and the (business) practices
    and logics that enable this algorithmic machinery of violence. The conference
    took place from the 29th of November to the 1st of December 2024 at the Kunstquartier
    Bethanien in Berlin, Germany.
article_type: review
author:
- first_name: Ishmael
  full_name: Bhila, Ishmael
  id: '105772'
  last_name: Bhila
citation:
  ama: 'Bhila I. Investigating the kill cloud: information warfare, autonomous weapons
    &#38; AI. <i>Digital War</i>. 2025;6(4). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x">10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x</a>'
  apa: 'Bhila, I. (2025). Investigating the kill cloud: information warfare, autonomous
    weapons &#38; AI. <i>Digital War</i>, <i>6</i>(4). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x">https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Bhila_2025, title={Investigating the kill cloud: information warfare,
    autonomous weapons &#38; AI}, volume={6}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x">10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x</a>},
    number={4}, journal={Digital War}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media
    LLC}, author={Bhila, Ishmael}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: 'Bhila, Ishmael. “Investigating the Kill Cloud: Information Warfare, Autonomous
    Weapons &#38; AI.” <i>Digital War</i> 6, no. 4 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x">https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x</a>.'
  ieee: 'I. Bhila, “Investigating the kill cloud: information warfare, autonomous
    weapons &#38; AI,” <i>Digital War</i>, vol. 6, no. 4, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x">10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x</a>.'
  mla: 'Bhila, Ishmael. “Investigating the Kill Cloud: Information Warfare, Autonomous
    Weapons &#38; AI.” <i>Digital War</i>, vol. 6, no. 4, Springer Science and Business
    Media LLC, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x">10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x</a>.'
  short: I. Bhila, Digital War 6 (2025).
date_created: 2025-01-31T13:40:36Z
date_updated: 2025-01-31T13:43:54Z
doi: 10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x
intvolume: '         6'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- autonomous weapons systems
- algorithmic warfare
- cloud computing
- war on terror
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s42984-025-00101-x#article-info
oa: '1'
publication: Digital War
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2662-1975
  - 2662-1983
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: 'Investigating the kill cloud: information warfare, autonomous weapons & AI'
type: journal_article
user_id: '105772'
volume: 6
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '59673'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This study analyzes the impact of tariff imposition announcements on the stock
    prices of 1,194 U.S. companies during the first Trump administration, using a
    unique sample of 4,624 announcements made by or against the U.S. between January
    2018 and August 2019. We find that tariff announcements lead to negative (cumulative)
    average abnormal stock returns. These negative wealth effects occur regardless
    of whether the Trump administration imposes safeguard tariffs to protect domestic
    industries or foreign countries announce retaliatory tariffs. Moreover, the adverse
    impact is primarily driven by announcements involving China, with variations linked
    to sector-specific, tariff, trade, and firm characteristics.
article_number: '107381'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Sascha Tobias
  full_name: Wengerek, Sascha Tobias
  id: '48837'
  last_name: Wengerek
  orcid: 0000-0002-7820-3903
- first_name: André
  full_name: Uhde, André
  id: '36049'
  last_name: Uhde
- first_name: Benjamin
  full_name: Hippert, Benjamin
  id: '48476'
  last_name: Hippert
citation:
  ama: Wengerek ST, Uhde A, Hippert B. Share price reactions to tariff imposition
    announcements during the first Trump administration. <i>Finance Research Letters</i>.
    2025;80. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381">10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381</a>
  apa: Wengerek, S. T., Uhde, A., &#38; Hippert, B. (2025). Share price reactions
    to tariff imposition announcements during the first Trump administration. <i>Finance
    Research Letters</i>, <i>80</i>, Article 107381. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Wengerek_Uhde_Hippert_2025, title={Share price reactions to tariff
    imposition announcements during the first Trump administration}, volume={80},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381">10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381</a>},
    number={107381}, journal={Finance Research Letters}, publisher={Elsevier BV},
    author={Wengerek, Sascha Tobias and Uhde, André and Hippert, Benjamin}, year={2025}
    }'
  chicago: Wengerek, Sascha Tobias, André Uhde, and Benjamin Hippert. “Share Price
    Reactions to Tariff Imposition Announcements during the First Trump Administration.”
    <i>Finance Research Letters</i> 80 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381</a>.
  ieee: 'S. T. Wengerek, A. Uhde, and B. Hippert, “Share price reactions to tariff
    imposition announcements during the first Trump administration,” <i>Finance Research
    Letters</i>, vol. 80, Art. no. 107381, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381">10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381</a>.'
  mla: Wengerek, Sascha Tobias, et al. “Share Price Reactions to Tariff Imposition
    Announcements during the First Trump Administration.” <i>Finance Research Letters</i>,
    vol. 80, 107381, Elsevier BV, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381">10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381</a>.
  short: S.T. Wengerek, A. Uhde, B. Hippert, Finance Research Letters 80 (2025).
date_created: 2025-04-25T05:44:31Z
date_updated: 2026-05-27T10:58:22Z
department:
- _id: '19'
doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2025.107381
intvolume: '        80'
keyword:
- Geopolitical risk
- Protectionism
- Strategic trade policy
- Tariffs
- Trade conflict
- U.S. – China trade war
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
publication: Finance Research Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1544-6123
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Share price reactions to tariff imposition announcements during the first Trump
  administration
type: journal_article
user_id: '36049'
volume: 80
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '58324'
author:
- first_name: Inez
  full_name: Müller, Inez
  id: '26755'
  last_name: Müller
citation:
  ama: 'Müller I. Zu den Unwägbarkeiten des Erbes - Unzuverlässiges Postmemory-Erzählen
    in den Gesellschaftsromanen “Das flüssige Land” von Raphaela Edelbauer und in
    “Dunkelblum” von Eva Menasse. In: Karlsson Hammarfelt L, Platen E, Platen P, eds.
    <i>Von neuen Blicken auf die frühe Nachkriegszeit</i>. iudicium; 2024:112-126.'
  apa: Müller, I. (2024). Zu den Unwägbarkeiten des Erbes - Unzuverlässiges Postmemory-Erzählen
    in den Gesellschaftsromanen “Das flüssige Land” von Raphaela Edelbauer und in
    “Dunkelblum” von Eva Menasse. In L. Karlsson Hammarfelt, E. Platen, &#38; P. Platen
    (Eds.), <i>Von neuen Blicken auf die frühe Nachkriegszeit</i> (pp. 112–126). iudicium.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Müller_2024, place={München}, title={Zu den Unwägbarkeiten
    des Erbes - Unzuverlässiges Postmemory-Erzählen in den Gesellschaftsromanen “Das
    flüssige Land” von Raphaela Edelbauer und in “Dunkelblum” von Eva Menasse}, booktitle={Von
    neuen Blicken auf die frühe Nachkriegszeit}, publisher={iudicium}, author={Müller,
    Inez}, editor={Karlsson Hammarfelt, Linda and Platen, Edgar and Platen, Petra},
    year={2024}, pages={112–126} }'
  chicago: 'Müller, Inez. “Zu den Unwägbarkeiten des Erbes - Unzuverlässiges Postmemory-Erzählen
    in den Gesellschaftsromanen ‘Das flüssige Land’ von Raphaela Edelbauer und in
    ‘Dunkelblum’ von Eva Menasse.” In <i>Von neuen Blicken auf die frühe Nachkriegszeit</i>,
    edited by Linda Karlsson Hammarfelt, Edgar Platen, and Petra Platen, 112–26. München:
    iudicium, 2024.'
  ieee: I. Müller, “Zu den Unwägbarkeiten des Erbes - Unzuverlässiges Postmemory-Erzählen
    in den Gesellschaftsromanen ‘Das flüssige Land’ von Raphaela Edelbauer und in
    ‘Dunkelblum’ von Eva Menasse,” in <i>Von neuen Blicken auf die frühe Nachkriegszeit</i>,
    Universität Göteborg / Schweden, 2024, pp. 112–126.
  mla: Müller, Inez. “Zu den Unwägbarkeiten des Erbes - Unzuverlässiges Postmemory-Erzählen
    in den Gesellschaftsromanen ‘Das flüssige Land’ von Raphaela Edelbauer und in
    ‘Dunkelblum’ von Eva Menasse.” <i>Von neuen Blicken auf die frühe Nachkriegszeit</i>,
    edited by Linda Karlsson Hammarfelt et al., iudicium, 2024, pp. 112–26.
  short: 'I. Müller, in: L. Karlsson Hammarfelt, E. Platen, P. Platen (Eds.), Von
    neuen Blicken auf die frühe Nachkriegszeit, iudicium, München, 2024, pp. 112–126.'
conference:
  end_date: 2023-10-09
  location: Universität Göteborg / Schweden
  name: 13th conference Zur Darstellung von Zeitgeschichte in deutschsprachiger Gegenwartsliteratur
  start_date: 2023-10-07
date_created: 2025-01-22T14:00:26Z
date_updated: 2025-02-07T13:25:37Z
department:
- _id: '5'
editor:
- first_name: Linda
  full_name: Karlsson Hammarfelt, Linda
  last_name: Karlsson Hammarfelt
- first_name: Edgar
  full_name: Platen, Edgar
  last_name: Platen
- first_name: Petra
  full_name: Platen, Petra
  last_name: Platen
keyword:
- postmemory
- unrelieable telling
- war crimes in Austria in the context of the Second World War
- Eva Menasse
- Raphaela Edelbauer
language:
- iso: ger
page: 112-126
place: München
publication: Von neuen Blicken auf die frühe Nachkriegszeit
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-3-86205-770-2
publication_status: published
publisher: iudicium
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Zu den Unwägbarkeiten des Erbes - Unzuverlässiges Postmemory-Erzählen in den
  Gesellschaftsromanen 'Das flüssige Land' von Raphaela Edelbauer und in 'Dunkelblum'
  von Eva Menasse
type: conference
user_id: '26755'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '15494'
author:
- first_name: Ruth
  full_name: Hagengruber, Ruth
  id: '198'
  last_name: Hagengruber
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3360-6335
citation:
  ama: Hagengruber R. Zur Ehrenpromotion von Maria von Welser an der Fakultät für
    Kulturwissenschaften der Universität Paderborn. <i>Konsens</i>. 2019;2019(2019):20-22.
  apa: Hagengruber, R. (2019). Zur Ehrenpromotion von Maria von Welser an der Fakultät
    für Kulturwissenschaften der Universität Paderborn. <i>Konsens</i>, <i>2019</i>(2019),
    20–22.
  bibtex: '@article{Hagengruber_2019, title={Zur Ehrenpromotion von Maria von Welser
    an der Fakultät für Kulturwissenschaften der Universität Paderborn}, volume={2019},
    number={2019}, journal={Konsens}, publisher={Deutscher Akademikerinnen Bund},
    author={Hagengruber, Ruth}, year={2019}, pages={20–22} }'
  chicago: 'Hagengruber, Ruth. “Zur Ehrenpromotion von Maria von Welser an Der Fakultät
    Für Kulturwissenschaften Der Universität Paderborn.” <i>Konsens</i> 2019, no.
    2019 (2019): 20–22.'
  ieee: R. Hagengruber, “Zur Ehrenpromotion von Maria von Welser an der Fakultät für
    Kulturwissenschaften der Universität Paderborn,” <i>Konsens</i>, vol. 2019, no.
    2019, pp. 20–22, 2019.
  mla: Hagengruber, Ruth. “Zur Ehrenpromotion von Maria von Welser an Der Fakultät
    Für Kulturwissenschaften Der Universität Paderborn.” <i>Konsens</i>, vol. 2019,
    no. 2019, Deutscher Akademikerinnen Bund, 2019, pp. 20–22.
  short: R. Hagengruber, Konsens 2019 (2019) 20–22.
date_created: 2020-01-13T08:41:06Z
date_updated: 2023-01-12T09:48:27Z
department:
- _id: '519'
intvolume: '      2019'
issue: '2019'
keyword:
- Maria von Welser
- Women
- Media
- War
- Women in War
- Refugees
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
page: 20-22
popular_science: '1'
publication: Konsens
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - '09306633'
publisher: Deutscher Akademikerinnen Bund
status: public
title: Zur Ehrenpromotion von Maria von Welser an der Fakultät für Kulturwissenschaften
  der Universität Paderborn
type: journal_article
user_id: '14931'
volume: 2019
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '8836'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: While Islamic State is the most present example, it is a fact that in many
    places around the globe, throughout history initially small groups have tried
    to challenge and destabilize or even overthrow governments by means of terrorist
    and guerrilla strategies. Therefore, we answer two questions. Why does a small
    group of insurgents believe it can overthrow the government by turning violent,
    even if the government is clearly superior? And how does a conflict develop into
    terrorism, a guerilla war, or a major conventional civil war, or is resolved peacefully?
    We develop a formal model for rebels and government and derive optimal choices.
    Further, we focus on three elements as important ingredients of a "destabilization
    war". All three of these - large random events, time preference (which we relate
    to ideology), and choice of duration of fight - are rarely considered in formal
    conflict theory. We can answer the above two questions using game theory analysis.
    First, insurgents rise up because they hope to destabilize through permanent challenging
    attacks. In this context, large randomness is an important ally of rebels. While
    each individual attack may have a low impact, at some point a large random event
    could lead to success. Hence, the duration of activities is a constitutive element
    of this kind of armed conflict. Patience (low time preference), which may reflect
    rebels' degree of ideological motivation, is crucial. Second, the mode of warfare
    or the conflict resolutions that develop are generally path-dependent and conditioned
    on the full set of options (including compromise). Various conditions (level of
    funding, ease of recruitment, access to weapons) influence different modes of
    warfare or a peaceful compromise in a complex way.
author:
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Gries, Thomas
  id: '186'
  last_name: Gries
- first_name: Claus-Jochen
  full_name: Haake, Claus-Jochen
  id: '20801'
  last_name: Haake
citation:
  ama: Gries T, Haake C-J. <i>An Economic Theory of “Destabilization War.”</i> Vol
    95.; 2016.
  apa: Gries, T., &#38; Haake, C.-J. (2016). <i>An Economic Theory of “Destabilization
    War”</i> (Vol. 95).
  bibtex: '@book{Gries_Haake_2016, series={Working Papers CIE}, title={An Economic
    Theory of “Destabilization War”}, volume={95}, author={Gries, Thomas and Haake,
    Claus-Jochen}, year={2016}, collection={Working Papers CIE} }'
  chicago: Gries, Thomas, and Claus-Jochen Haake. <i>An Economic Theory of “Destabilization
    War.”</i> Vol. 95. Working Papers CIE, 2016.
  ieee: T. Gries and C.-J. Haake, <i>An Economic Theory of “Destabilization War,”</i>
    vol. 95. 2016.
  mla: Gries, Thomas, and Claus-Jochen Haake. <i>An Economic Theory of “Destabilization
    War.”</i> Vol. 95, 2016.
  short: T. Gries, C.-J. Haake, An Economic Theory of “Destabilization War,” 2016.
date_created: 2019-04-08T06:45:02Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:03Z
ddc:
- '040'
department:
- _id: '205'
- _id: '475'
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: cjhaake
  date_created: 2019-04-08T06:49:16Z
  date_updated: 2019-04-08T06:49:16Z
  file_id: '8838'
  file_name: WP - An Economic Theory of ’Destabilization War'.pdf
  file_size: 516125
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2019-04-08T06:49:16Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        95'
jel:
- H56
- O10
- D84
- C72
- D74
keyword:
- terrorism
- civil war
- conflict duration
- game theory
- stochastic process
- ideology
language:
- iso: eng
series_title: Working Papers CIE
status: public
title: An Economic Theory of 'Destabilization War'
type: working_paper
user_id: '20801'
volume: 95
year: '2016'
...