--- _id: '29934' abstract: - lang: eng text: Tire and road wear are a major source of emissions of nonexhaust particulate matter (PM) and make up the largest share of microplastics in the environment. To reduce tire wear through numerical optimization of a vehicle's suspension system, fast simulations of the representative usage of a vehicle are needed. Therefore, this contribution evaluates if instead of a full simulation of a representative test drive, only specific driving maneuvers resulting from a clustering of the driving data can be used to predict tire wear. As a measure for tire wear, the friction work between tire and road is calculated. It is shown that enough clusters result in negligible deviations between the total friction work of the full simulation and the cluster simulations as well as between the distributions of the friction work over the tire width. The calculation time can be reduced to about 1% of the full simulation. author: - first_name: Lars full_name: Muth, Lars id: '77313' last_name: Muth orcid: 0000-0002-2938-5616 - first_name: Christian full_name: Noll, Christian last_name: Noll - first_name: Walter full_name: Sextro, Walter id: '21220' last_name: Sextro citation: ama: 'Muth L, Noll C, Sextro W. Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data. In: Orlova A, Cole D, eds. Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer; 2022. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92' apa: Muth, L., Noll, C., & Sextro, W. (2022). Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data. In A. Orlova & D. Cole (Eds.), Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92 bibtex: '@inproceedings{Muth_Noll_Sextro_2022, place={Cham}, series={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering}, title={Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92}, booktitle={Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021}, publisher={Springer}, author={Muth, Lars and Noll, Christian and Sextro, Walter}, editor={Orlova, Anna and Cole, David}, year={2022}, collection={Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering} }' chicago: 'Muth, Lars, Christian Noll, and Walter Sextro. “Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data.” In Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021, edited by Anna Orlova and David Cole. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Cham: Springer, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92.' ieee: 'L. Muth, C. Noll, and W. Sextro, “Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data,” in Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 2022, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92.' mla: Muth, Lars, et al. “Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data.” Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021, edited by Anna Orlova and David Cole, Springer, 2022, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92. short: 'L. Muth, C. Noll, W. Sextro, in: A. Orlova, D. Cole (Eds.), Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021, Springer, Cham, 2022.' conference: end_date: 2021-08-19 location: Saint Petersburg, Russia name: 27th IAVSD Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, IAVSD 2021 start_date: 2021-08-17 date_created: 2022-02-21T14:14:11Z date_updated: 2022-08-23T11:55:07Z department: - _id: '151' doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92 editor: - first_name: Anna full_name: Orlova, Anna last_name: Orlova - first_name: David full_name: Cole, David last_name: Cole keyword: - Tire Wear - Vehicle Dynamics - Clustering - Virtual Test language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_92 place: Cham publication: Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II - Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2021 publication_identifier: eisbn: - 978-3-031-07305-2 isbn: - 978-3-031-07304-5 publication_status: published publisher: Springer quality_controlled: '1' series_title: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering status: public title: Generation of a Reduced, Representative, Virtual Test Drive for Fast Evaluation of Tire Wear by Clustering of Driving Data type: conference user_id: '77313' year: '2022' ... --- _id: '9871' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Wire bonding is the most common technology for connecting electronic components. Due to their efficiency bond interconnections made of copper wire are used for example in the aerospace and medical technology as well as in the fields of renewable energies. One of the main cost factors in the manufacturing process is the consumables like bonding tools. The technological transition to copper as wire material causes significant wear on the millimeter large effective contact area of the bonding tool. This wear leads to a loss by a factor of 30 of the number of reliable interconnections which can be produced by a single tool. To reduce setting-up time in the production and minimizing costs, an enlarged bonding tool lifetime is desirable. Consequently a better understanding of wear and recognition of wear pattern is required. Therefore, the paper presents an analyzing method of the tool topography change of a heavy wire bonding tool by using a confocal microscope. Furthermore, the paper discusses the identification of the main wear indicators by the help of the named topography change for different bond parameters, like ultrasonic power and tool geometry. Reference topography has been carried out by choosing typical parameters of the production line. To judge whether the quality requirement of the bond connections made by a single tool cannot be fulfilled shear test of the source bond have been carried out after a defined number of produced bond connections. Main steps of analysis: (I)Topography of the tool surface is sampled after a defined number of bonds by means of a confocal microscope to detect the wear progress.(II)The recorded data is filtered using Matlab. So, measurement errors can be eliminated and the topography can be overlaid more easy to identify differences between diverse tools or differences in wear stages of the same tool.(III)The subsequent discretization of the topography into sub volumes allows to (IV)describe the loss of volume depending on the position in the groove. Thereby, intermediate status of wear of one tool can be used to obtain a persistent description of the topography change over the number of produced bonds by interpolating the confocal data. Afterwards the persistent change of the groove flank has been analyzed for the named test series to identify the main wear indicators and their effect on shear forces. All worn tools show dominant areas for volume loss especially for plastic deformation and accordingly abrasion. These wear mechanism can be referred to the change of main parts of the groove geometry like the rounding of the front and back radius. The most volume loss was identified in the upper part of the tool flanks or rather at the transition from the groove flank to the front or back radius. Furthermore the observation of the center of the groove flank shows just a little change in volume. All in all, the identification of the wear indicators will be discussed with the objective of increasing the tool lifetime by optimizing the tool geometry without losses in bond quality and reliability.' author: - first_name: Paul full_name: Eichwald, Paul last_name: Eichwald - first_name: Walter full_name: Sextro, Walter id: '21220' last_name: Sextro - first_name: Simon full_name: Althof, Simon last_name: Althof - first_name: Florian full_name: Eacock, Florian last_name: Eacock - first_name: Andreas full_name: Unger, Andreas last_name: Unger - first_name: Tobias full_name: Meyer, Tobias last_name: Meyer - first_name: Karsten full_name: Guth, Karsten last_name: Guth citation: ama: 'Eichwald P, Sextro W, Althof S, et al. Analysis Method of Tool Topography Change and Identification of Wear Indicators for Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonding. In: Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics. ; 2014:856-861. doi:10.4071/isom-THP34' apa: Eichwald, P., Sextro, W., Althof, S., Eacock, F., Unger, A., Meyer, T., & Guth, K. (2014). Analysis Method of Tool Topography Change and Identification of Wear Indicators for Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonding. In Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics (pp. 856–861). https://doi.org/10.4071/isom-THP34 bibtex: '@inproceedings{Eichwald_Sextro_Althof_Eacock_Unger_Meyer_Guth_2014, title={Analysis Method of Tool Topography Change and Identification of Wear Indicators for Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonding}, DOI={10.4071/isom-THP34}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics}, author={Eichwald, Paul and Sextro, Walter and Althof, Simon and Eacock, Florian and Unger, Andreas and Meyer, Tobias and Guth, Karsten}, year={2014}, pages={856–861} }' chicago: Eichwald, Paul, Walter Sextro, Simon Althof, Florian Eacock, Andreas Unger, Tobias Meyer, and Karsten Guth. “Analysis Method of Tool Topography Change and Identification of Wear Indicators for Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonding.” In Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics, 856–61, 2014. https://doi.org/10.4071/isom-THP34. ieee: P. Eichwald et al., “Analysis Method of Tool Topography Change and Identification of Wear Indicators for Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonding,” in Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics, 2014, pp. 856–861. mla: Eichwald, Paul, et al. “Analysis Method of Tool Topography Change and Identification of Wear Indicators for Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonding.” Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics, 2014, pp. 856–61, doi:10.4071/isom-THP34. short: 'P. Eichwald, W. Sextro, S. Althof, F. Eacock, A. Unger, T. Meyer, K. Guth, in: Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics, 2014, pp. 856–861.' date_created: 2019-05-20T12:18:55Z date_updated: 2020-05-07T05:33:45Z department: - _id: '151' doi: 10.4071/isom-THP34 keyword: - wedge/wedge bonding - copper wire - tool wear language: - iso: eng page: 856-861 project: - _id: '92' grant_number: 02 PQ2210 name: Intelligente Herstellung zuverlässiger Kupferbondverbindungen publication: Proceedings of the 47th International Symposium on Microelectronics status: public title: Analysis Method of Tool Topography Change and Identification of Wear Indicators for Heavy Copper Wire Wedge Bonding type: conference user_id: '210' year: '2014' ... --- _id: '34442' abstract: - lang: eng text: Radial shaft seals are used in a variety of applications, where rotating shafts in steady housings have to be sealed. Typical examples are crankshafts, camshafts, differential gear or hydraulic pumps. In the operating state the elastomeric seal ring and the shaft are separated by a lubrication film of just a few micrometers. Due to shear strain and fluid friction the contact area is subject to a higher temperature than the rest of the seal ring. The stiffness of the elastomeric material is intensely influenced by this temperature and thus contact pressure, friction and wear also strongly depend on the contact temperature. In order to simulate the contact behavior of elastomer seal rings it is essential to use a comprehensive approach which takes into consideration the interaction of temperature, friction and wear. Based on this idea a macroscopic simulation model has been developed at the MEGT. It combines a finite element approach for the simulation of contact pressure at different wear states, a semi-analytical approach for the calculation of contact temperature and an empirical approach for the calculation of friction. In this paper the model setup is presented, as well as simulation and experimental results. author: - first_name: D. full_name: Frölich, D. last_name: Frölich - first_name: Balázs full_name: Magyar, Balázs id: '97759' last_name: Magyar - first_name: B. full_name: Sauer, B. last_name: Sauer citation: ama: Frölich D, Magyar B, Sauer B. A comprehensive model of wear, friction and contact temperature in radial shaft seals. Wear. 2014;311(1):71-80. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.12.030 apa: Frölich, D., Magyar, B., & Sauer, B. (2014). A comprehensive model of wear, friction and contact temperature in radial shaft seals. Wear, 311(1), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.12.030 bibtex: '@article{Frölich_Magyar_Sauer_2014, title={A comprehensive model of wear, friction and contact temperature in radial shaft seals}, volume={311}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.12.030}, number={1}, journal={Wear}, author={Frölich, D. and Magyar, Balázs and Sauer, B.}, year={2014}, pages={71–80} }' chicago: 'Frölich, D., Balázs Magyar, and B. Sauer. “A Comprehensive Model of Wear, Friction and Contact Temperature in Radial Shaft Seals.” Wear 311, no. 1 (2014): 71–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.12.030.' ieee: 'D. Frölich, B. Magyar, and B. Sauer, “A comprehensive model of wear, friction and contact temperature in radial shaft seals,” Wear, vol. 311, no. 1, pp. 71–80, 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.12.030.' mla: Frölich, D., et al. “A Comprehensive Model of Wear, Friction and Contact Temperature in Radial Shaft Seals.” Wear, vol. 311, no. 1, 2014, pp. 71–80, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.12.030. short: D. Frölich, B. Magyar, B. Sauer, Wear 311 (2014) 71–80. date_created: 2022-12-15T10:19:37Z date_updated: 2022-12-15T10:20:39Z department: - _id: '146' doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.12.030 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 311' issue: '1' keyword: - Radial shaft seal ring - Contact temperature - Wear - Friction torque - Finite element simulation language: - iso: eng page: 71-80 publication: Wear publication_identifier: issn: - 0043-1648 status: public title: A comprehensive model of wear, friction and contact temperature in radial shaft seals type: journal_article user_id: '38077' volume: 311 year: '2014' ...