--- _id: '17272' abstract: - lang: eng text: In developmental research, tutoring behavior has been identified as scaffolding infants' learning processes. It has been defined in terms of child-directed speech (Motherese), child-directed motion (Motionese), and contingency. In the field of developmental robotics, research often assumes that in human-robot interaction (HRI), robots are treated similar to infants, because their immature cognitive capabilities benefit from this behavior. However, according to our knowledge, it has barely been studied whether this is true and how exactly humans alter their behavior towards a robotic interaction partner. In this paper, we present results concerning the acceptance of a robotic agent in a social learning scenario obtained via comparison to adults and 8-11 months old infants in equal conditions. These results constitute an important empirical basis for making use of tutoring behavior in social robotics. In our study, we performed a detailed multimodal analysis of HRI in a tutoring situation using the example of a robot simulation equipped with a bottom-up saliency-based attention model. Our results reveal significant differences in hand movement velocity, motion pauses, range of motion, and eye gaze suggesting that for example adults decrease their hand movement velocity in an Adult-Child Interaction (ACI), opposed to an Adult-Adult Interaction (AAI) and this decrease is even higher in the Adult-Robot Interaction (ARI). We also found important differences between ACI and ARI in how the behavior is modified over time as the interaction unfolds. These findings indicate the necessity of integrating top-down feedback structures into a bottom-up system for robots to be fully accepted as interaction partners. author: - first_name: Anna-Lisa full_name: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa last_name: Vollmer - first_name: Katrin Solveig full_name: Lohan, Katrin Solveig last_name: Lohan - first_name: Kerstin full_name: Fischer, Kerstin last_name: Fischer - first_name: Yukie full_name: Nagai, Yukie last_name: Nagai - first_name: Karola full_name: Pitsch, Karola last_name: Pitsch - first_name: Jannik full_name: Fritsch, Jannik last_name: Fritsch - first_name: Katharina full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina id: '50352' last_name: Rohlfing - first_name: Britta full_name: Wrede, Britta last_name: Wrede citation: ama: 'Vollmer A-L, Lohan KS, Fischer K, et al. People modify their tutoring behavior in robot-directed interaction for action learning. In: Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning. IEEE; 2009:1-6. doi:10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516' apa: Vollmer, A.-L., Lohan, K. S., Fischer, K., Nagai, Y., Pitsch, K., Fritsch, J., Rohlfing, K., & Wrede, B. (2009). People modify their tutoring behavior in robot-directed interaction for action learning. Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516 bibtex: '@inproceedings{Vollmer_Lohan_Fischer_Nagai_Pitsch_Fritsch_Rohlfing_Wrede_2009, title={People modify their tutoring behavior in robot-directed interaction for action learning}, DOI={10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516}, booktitle={Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Lohan, Katrin Solveig and Fischer, Kerstin and Nagai, Yukie and Pitsch, Karola and Fritsch, Jannik and Rohlfing, Katharina and Wrede, Britta}, year={2009}, pages={1–6} }' chicago: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, Katrin Solveig Lohan, Kerstin Fischer, Yukie Nagai, Karola Pitsch, Jannik Fritsch, Katharina Rohlfing, and Britta Wrede. “People Modify Their Tutoring Behavior in Robot-Directed Interaction for Action Learning.” In Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning, 1–6. IEEE, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516. ieee: 'A.-L. Vollmer et al., “People modify their tutoring behavior in robot-directed interaction for action learning,” in Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning, 2009, pp. 1–6, doi: 10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516.' mla: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, et al. “People Modify Their Tutoring Behavior in Robot-Directed Interaction for Action Learning.” Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning, IEEE, 2009, pp. 1–6, doi:10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516. short: 'A.-L. Vollmer, K.S. Lohan, K. Fischer, Y. Nagai, K. Pitsch, J. Fritsch, K. Rohlfing, B. Wrede, in: Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning, IEEE, 2009, pp. 1–6.' date_created: 2020-06-24T13:02:43Z date_updated: 2023-02-01T13:06:43Z department: - _id: '749' doi: 10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516 keyword: - robot simulation - hand movement velocity - robotic interaction partner - robotic agent - robot-directed interaction - multimodal analysis - Motionese - Motherese - intelligent tutoring systems - immature cognitive capability - human computer interaction - eye gaze - child-directed speech - child-directed motion - bottom-up system - bottom-up saliency-based attention model - adult-robot interaction - adult-child interaction - adult-adult interaction - human-robot interaction - action learning - social learning scenario - social robotics - software agents - top-down feedback structures - tutoring behavior language: - iso: eng page: 1-6 publication: Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning publisher: IEEE status: public title: People modify their tutoring behavior in robot-directed interaction for action learning type: conference user_id: '14931' year: '2009' ...