---
_id: '61339'
author:
- first_name: Marius
  full_name: Protte, Marius
  id: '44549'
  last_name: Protte
- first_name: Behnud Mir
  full_name: Djawadi, Behnud Mir
  last_name: Djawadi
citation:
  ama: 'Protte M, Djawadi BM. Human vs. Algorithmic Auditors: The Impact of Entity
    Type and Ambiguity on Human Dishonesty. <i>Frontiers in Behavioral Economics</i>.
    2025;4:1645749. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749">10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749</a>'
  apa: 'Protte, M., &#38; Djawadi, B. M. (2025). Human vs. Algorithmic Auditors: The
    Impact of Entity Type and Ambiguity on Human Dishonesty. <i>Frontiers in Behavioral
    Economics</i>, <i>4</i>, 1645749. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749">https://doi.org/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Protte_Djawadi_2025, title={Human vs. Algorithmic Auditors: The
    Impact of Entity Type and Ambiguity on Human Dishonesty}, volume={4}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749">10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749</a>},
    journal={Frontiers in Behavioral Economics}, author={Protte, Marius and Djawadi,
    Behnud Mir}, year={2025}, pages={1645749} }'
  chicago: 'Protte, Marius, and Behnud Mir Djawadi. “Human vs. Algorithmic Auditors:
    The Impact of Entity Type and Ambiguity on Human Dishonesty.” <i>Frontiers in
    Behavioral Economics</i> 4 (2025): 1645749. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749">https://doi.org/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Protte and B. M. Djawadi, “Human vs. Algorithmic Auditors: The Impact
    of Entity Type and Ambiguity on Human Dishonesty,” <i>Frontiers in Behavioral
    Economics</i>, vol. 4, p. 1645749, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749">10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749</a>.'
  mla: 'Protte, Marius, and Behnud Mir Djawadi. “Human vs. Algorithmic Auditors: The
    Impact of Entity Type and Ambiguity on Human Dishonesty.” <i>Frontiers in Behavioral
    Economics</i>, vol. 4, 2025, p. 1645749, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749">10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749</a>.'
  short: M. Protte, B.M. Djawadi, Frontiers in Behavioral Economics 4 (2025) 1645749.
date_created: 2025-09-18T07:52:40Z
date_updated: 2025-09-29T09:31:38Z
doi: 10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749
intvolume: '         4'
keyword:
- cheating
- human-machine interaction
- ambiguity
- verification process
- algorithm aversion
- algorithm appreciation
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/behavioral-economics/articles/10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749/full
oa: '1'
page: '1645749'
publication: Frontiers in Behavioral Economics
status: public
title: 'Human vs. Algorithmic Auditors: The Impact of Entity Type and Ambiguity on
  Human Dishonesty'
type: journal_article
user_id: '44549'
volume: 4
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '50121'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Many researchers and practitioners see artificial intelligence as a game changer
    compared to classical statistical models. However, some software providers engage
    in “AI washing”, relabeling solutions that use simple statistical models as AI
    systems. By contrast, research on algorithm aversion unsystematically varied the
    labels for advisors and treated labels such as "artificial intelligence" and "statistical
    model" synonymously. This study investigates the effect of individual labels on
    users' actual advice utilization behavior. Through two incentivized online within-subjects
    experiments on regression tasks, we find that labeling human advisors with labels
    that suggest higher expertise leads to an increase in advice-taking, even though
    the content of the advice remains the same. In contrast, our results do not suggest
    such an expert effect for advice-taking from algorithms, despite differences in
    self-reported perception. These findings challenge the effectiveness of framing
    intelligent systems as AI-based systems and have important implications for both
    research and practice.
author:
- first_name: Dirk
  full_name: Leffrang, Dirk
  id: '51271'
  last_name: Leffrang
  orcid: 0000-0001-9004-2391
citation:
  ama: 'Leffrang D. AI Washing: The Framing Effect of Labels on Algorithmic Advice
    Utilization. In: <i>International Conference on Information Systems</i>. ; 2023.'
  apa: 'Leffrang, D. (2023). AI Washing: The Framing Effect of Labels on Algorithmic
    Advice Utilization. <i>International Conference on Information Systems</i>, <i>10</i>.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Leffrang_2023, title={AI Washing: The Framing Effect of
    Labels on Algorithmic Advice Utilization}, number={10}, booktitle={International
    Conference on Information Systems}, author={Leffrang, Dirk}, year={2023} }'
  chicago: 'Leffrang, Dirk. “AI Washing: The Framing Effect of Labels on Algorithmic
    Advice Utilization.” In <i>International Conference on Information Systems</i>,
    2023.'
  ieee: 'D. Leffrang, “AI Washing: The Framing Effect of Labels on Algorithmic Advice
    Utilization,” in <i>International Conference on Information Systems</i>, Hyderabad,
    India, 2023, no. 10.'
  mla: 'Leffrang, Dirk. “AI Washing: The Framing Effect of Labels on Algorithmic Advice
    Utilization.” <i>International Conference on Information Systems</i>, no. 10,
    2023.'
  short: 'D. Leffrang, in: International Conference on Information Systems, 2023.'
conference:
  location: Hyderabad, India
  name: International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS)
date_created: 2024-01-03T09:54:00Z
date_updated: 2024-01-10T09:53:41Z
department:
- _id: '196'
issue: '10'
keyword:
- Artificial Intelligence
- Algorithm Appreciation
- Framing
- Advice-taking
- Expertise
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2023/aiinbus/aiinbus/10
publication: International Conference on Information Systems
status: public
title: 'AI Washing: The Framing Effect of Labels on Algorithmic Advice Utilization'
type: conference
user_id: '51271'
year: '2023'
...