TY - JOUR AB - The aim of the present study is to prove the construct validity of the German versions of the Feeling Scale (FS) and the Felt Arousal Scale (FAS) for a progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) exercise. A total of 228 sport science students conducted the PMR exercise for 45 min and completed the FS, the FAS, and the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) in a pre-test–post-test design. A significant decrease in arousal (t(227) = 8.296, p < 0.001) and a significant increase in pleasure (t(227) = 4.748, p < 0.001) were observed. For convergent validity, the correlations between the FS and the subscale SAM-P for the valence dimension (r = 0.67, p < 0.001) and between the FAS and the subscale SAM-A for the arousal dimension (r = 0.31, p < 0.001) were significant. For discriminant validity, the correlations between different constructs (FS and SAM-A, FAS and SAM-P) were not significant, whereas the discriminant analysis between the FS and the FAS revealed a negative significant correlation (r = −0.15, p < 0.001). Together, the pattern of results confirms the use of the German versions of the FS and the FAS to measure the affective response for a PMR exercise. AU - Thorenz, Kristin AU - Berwinkel, Andre AU - Weigelt, Matthias ID - 45857 IS - 7 JF - Behavioral Sciences KW - Behavioral Neuroscience KW - General Psychology KW - Genetics KW - Development KW - Ecology KW - Evolution KW - Behavior and Systematics SN - 2076-328X TI - A Validation Study for the German Versions of the Feeling Scale and the Felt Arousal Scale for a Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercise VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Service frontline encounters between customers and service providers have been subject to fundamental changes in recent years. As two major change agents, technology infusion and data privacy regulations are inextricably linked and constitute a critical ethical and societal issue. Specifically, service frontlines—as represented by human or technological agents, or some hybrid form—rely on customer data for service provision, which subjects them to privacy regulations governing the collection, submission, access, and use of any customer data thus captured. However, scant research outlines the significant implications of evolving data privacy regulations for service frontline encounters. To advance knowledge in this domain, this research distills six key dimensions of global data privacy regulations (fairness, data limits, transparency, control, consent, and recourse). Employing an intelligences theoretical lens, the authors theorize how these dimensions might become differentially manifest across three service frontline interface types (human-based, technology-based, and hybrid). Carefully intersecting the need for varying intelligences across data privacy regulatory dimensions with the abilities of service frontline interfaces to harness each intelligence type, this study offers a novel conceptual framework that advances research and practice. Theoretical, managerial, and policy implications unfold from the proposed framework, which also can inform a future research agenda. AU - Steinhoff, Lena AU - Martin, Kelly D. ID - 49157 IS - 3 JF - Journal of Service Research KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Sociology and Political Science KW - Information Systems SN - 1094-6705 TI - Putting Data Privacy Regulation into Action: The Differential Capabilities of Service Frontline Interfaces VL - 26 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Diederich, Sarah AU - Iseke, Anja AU - Pull, Kerstin AU - Schneider, Martin ID - 48900 JF - The International Journal of Human Resource Management KW - Management of Technology and Innovation KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Strategy and Management KW - Business and International Management KW - Industrial relations SN - 0958-5192 TI - Role (in-)congruity and the Catch 22 for female executives: how stereotyping contributes to the gender pay gap at top executive level ER - TY - JOUR AU - Diederich, Sarah AU - Iseke, Anja AU - Pull, Kerstin AU - Schneider, Martin ID - 49446 JF - The International Journal of Human Resource Management KW - Management of Technology and Innovation KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Strategy and Management KW - Business and International Management KW - Industrial relations SN - 0958-5192 TI - Role (in-)congruity and the Catch 22 for female executives: how stereotyping contributes to the gender pay gap at top executive level ER - TY - JOUR AB - The relationship between nonfinancial reporting and real sustainable change within and beyond organizations is fraught with complication. Furthermore, all facets of the relationship have not been examined equally. The contributions of this special issue made substantive progress in this regard and draw our focus to several remaining complications—in particular, the societal impacts of nonfinancial reporting. With this introduction, we seek to move the conversation forward by proposing a framework that disentangles the linkages between nonfinancial reporting and real sustainable change at multiple levels of analysis. We highlight the distinction between sustainability-related outputs and outcomes that typically materialize at the firm level, and eventually lead to sustainable impact at the societal level. Future research should advance this distinction and scrutinize the impact of real sustainable change beyond firm-level outputs, study the organizational change processes from antecedents to impacts, and examine the interrelationships between different instruments to foster real sustainable change. AU - Hahn, Rüdiger AU - Reimsbach, Daniel AU - Wickert, Christopher ID - 47921 IS - 1 JF - Organization & Environment KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - General Environmental Science SN - 1086-0266 TI - Nonfinancial Reporting and Real Sustainable Change: Relationship Status—It’s Complicated VL - 36 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We study the bargaining behavior between auditor and auditee in a tax setting and scrutinize the effect of interpersonal trust and trust in government on both parties’ concessions. We find evidence that both kinds of trust affect the concessionary behavior, albeit in different ways. While trust in government affects concessionary behavior in line with intuitive predictions, we find that interpersonal trust only affects tax auditors. For high interpersonal trust, the alleviating effect of high trust in government on tax auditors’ concessions is less pronounced. Our findings help tax authorities to shape programs to enhance compliance in an atmosphere of trust. AU - Eberhartinger, Eva AU - Speitmann, Raffael AU - Sureth-Sloane, Caren AU - Wu, Yuchen ID - 29048 IS - 1-2 JF - FinanzArchiv / Public Finance Analysis KW - Behavioral Taxation KW - Concessionary Behavior KW - Interpersonal Trust KW - Tax Audit KW - Trust in Government TI - How Does Trust Affect Concessionary Behavior in Tax Bargaining? VL - 78 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Service frontline encounters between customers and service providers have been subject to fundamental changes in recent years. As two major change agents, technology infusion and data privacy regulations are inextricably linked and constitute a critical ethical and societal issue. Specifically, service frontlines—as represented by human or technological agents, or some hybrid form—rely on customer data for service provision, which subjects them to privacy regulations governing the collection, submission, access, and use of any customer data thus captured. However, scant research outlines the significant implications of evolving data privacy regulations for service frontline encounters. To advance knowledge in this domain, this research distills six key dimensions of global data privacy regulations (fairness, data limits, transparency, control, consent, and recourse). Employing an intelligences theoretical lens, the authors theorize how these dimensions might become differentially manifest across three service frontline interface types (human-based, technology-based, and hybrid). Carefully intersecting the need for varying intelligences across data privacy regulatory dimensions with the abilities of service frontline interfaces to harness each intelligence type, this study offers a novel conceptual framework that advances research and practice. Theoretical, managerial, and policy implications unfold from the proposed framework, which also can inform a future research agenda. AU - Steinhoff, Lena AU - Martin, Kelly D. ID - 41317 JF - Journal of Service Research KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Sociology and Political Science KW - Information Systems SN - 1094-6705 TI - Putting Data Privacy Regulation into Action: The Differential Capabilities of Service Frontline Interfaces ER - TY - JOUR AB - PurposeInformation and communication technologies (ICT) has an increasing impact on schools. School leaders play a key role in this context as drivers of innovation including those related to ICT. Against this background, the study presented in this article focuses on school leadership and management activities with ICT and related challenges. It sought to analyze how frequently German school principals use ICT compared to principals in other countries, what distinct clusters of German principals could be identified in terms of ICT usage and how principals viewed ICT in schools and related challenges.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods approach was chosen, using quantitative data from both the international comparative large-scale assessment study ICILS 2018 and the explorative qualitative data from Germany. For the international comparison, the school principal data sets of the 12 international participants of the International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS) 2018 were taken into account: Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Portugal, Uruguay and the United States. To look beyond averaged frequencies, a latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify possible clusters of school leaders with distinct usage patterns of ICT for leadership and management activities.FindingsThe results indicate that, in general, German principals use ICT for leadership and management activities on a similar level as their international colleagues. However, they seem to communicate with education authorities significantly more often than their international colleagues, whereas representative activities (presentations, home page) are rather infrequent. The qualitative data point to significant barriers to fully harnessing the potential of using ICT for leadership, management and school improvement such as lack of competencies and lack of adequate support.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that focuses on school leadership and management activities using ICT with such a data set. The results provide insights into how German principals use ICT to lead and manage their schools compared to their international counterparts. The qualitative data offers additional insights into possible reasons hindering a more effective use of ICT. AU - Tulowitzki, Pierre AU - Gerick, Julia AU - Eickelmann, Birgit ID - 42951 IS - 2 JF - International Journal of Educational Management KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Education KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Education SN - 0951-354X TI - The role of ICT for school leadership and management activities: an international comparison VL - 36 ER - TY - JOUR AB - PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to revisit the disastrous DaimlerChrysler AG takeover episode from 1998 to 2007 in order to arrive at a more comprehensive explanation of this and other merger and takeover failures based on institutional theory.Design/methodology/approachThe case study is based on various secondary sources of information and on the insights that one of the authors gained from working for 14 years in various positions for Daimler-Benz and DaimlerChrysler.FindingsDaimlerChrysler failed because top management made mistakes in trying to globalize the company. They were unable to realize possible synergies between the two companies, which brought complementary resources into the merger. Furthermore, they did not account for the institutional embeddedness of strategies when they adopted lean production globally, diffused the production system developed in Germany to other parts of the world and tried to implement a global stock enlisted in New York and Frankfurt. The underlying theoretical framework is relevant for other merger and acquisition cases. It features institutional embeddedness, path dependency and institutional arbitrage.Originality/valueThe paper develops an institutional perspective on DaimlerChrysler and on cross-border merger and acquisition failure more generally. The perspective is organized around the varieties-of-capitalism approach. This contribution is important because there is increasing dissatisfaction with the dominant explanation of cross-border merger and acquisition failure, which is based on the allegedly failed management of culture “clashes.” AU - Riach, John Rankin Wood AU - Schneider, Martin ID - 47670 IS - 3 JF - Cross Cultural and Strategic Management KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Strategy and Management KW - Sociology and Political Science KW - Cultural Studies KW - Business and International Management SN - 2059-5794 TI - The DaimlerChrysler takeover failure revisited from a varieties-of-capitalism perspective VL - 29 ER - TY - CONF AB - In multimodal multi-objective optimization (MMMOO), the focus is not solely on convergence in objective space, but rather also on explicitly ensuring diversity in decision space. We illustrate why commonly used diversity measures are not entirely appropriate for this task and propose a sophisticated basin-based evaluation (BBE) method. Also, BBE variants are developed, capturing the anytime behavior of algorithms. The set of BBE measures is tested by means of an algorithm configuration study. We show that these new measures also transfer properties of the well-established hypervolume (HV) indicator to the domain of MMMOO, thus also accounting for objective space convergence. Moreover, we advance MMMOO research by providing insights into the multimodal performance of the considered algorithms. Specifically, algorithms exploiting local structures are shown to outperform classical evolutionary multi-objective optimizers regarding the BBE variants and respective trade-off with HV. AU - Heins, Jonathan AU - Rook, Jeroen AU - Schäpermeier, Lennart AU - Kerschke, Pascal AU - Bossek, Jakob AU - Trautmann, Heike ED - Rudolph, Günter ED - Kononova, Anna V. ED - Aguirre, Hernán ED - Kerschke, Pascal ED - Ochoa, Gabriela ED - Tusar, Tea ID - 48882 KW - Anytime behavior KW - Benchmarking KW - Continuous optimization KW - Multi-objective optimization KW - Multimodality KW - Performance metric SN - 978-3-031-14714-2 T2 - Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN XVII) TI - BBE: Basin-Based Evaluation of Multimodal Multi-objective Optimization Problems ER - TY - JOUR AB - PurposeEnabled by increased (“big”) data stocks and advanced (“machine learning”) analyses, the concept of human resource analytics (HRA) is expected to systematically improve decisions in human resource management (HRM). Since so far empirical evidence on this is, however, lacking, the authors' study examines which combinations of data and analyses are employed and which combinations deliver on the promise of improved decision quality.Design/methodology/approachTheoretically, the paper employs a neo-configurational approach for founding and conceptualizing HRA. Methodically, based on a sample of German organizations, two varieties (crisp set and multi-value) of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) are employed to identify combinations of data and analyses sufficient and necessary for HRA success.FindingsThe authors' study identifies existing configurations of data and analyses in HRM and uncovers which of these configurations cause improved decision quality. By evidencing that and which combinations of data and analyses conjuncturally cause decision quality, the authors' study provides a first confirmation of HRA success.Research limitations/implicationsMajor limitations refer to the cross-sectional and national sample and the usage of subjective measures. Major implications are the suitability of neo-configurational approaches for future research on HRA, while deeper conceptualizing and researching both the characteristics and outcomes of HRA constitutes a core future task.Originality/valueThe authors' paper employs an innovative theoretical-methodical approach to explain and analyze conditions that conjuncturally cause decision quality therewith offering much needed empirical evidence on HRA success. AU - Strohmeier, Stefan AU - Collet, Julian AU - Kabst, Rüdiger ID - 50463 IS - 3 JF - Baltic Journal of Management KW - Management of Technology and Innovation KW - Marketing KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Strategy and Management KW - Business and International Management SN - 1746-5265 TI - (How) do advanced data and analyses enable HR analytics success? A neo-configurational analysis VL - 17 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In January 2021, the GameStop stock was the epicenter of the first case of predatory trading initiated by retail investors. We use brokerage accounts to study who participated in this GameStop frenzy and how they performed. We investigate the extent to which investors’ personal and trading characteristics differ from the general population of retail investors. GameStop traders had a history of investing in speculative instruments, including stocks with lottery-like features. They were also more likely to close their positions before the peak of the bubble. At the onset of the frenzy, numerous retail investors also shorted GameStop. Overall, our results indicate that the GameStop frenzy was not a pure digital protest against Wall Street but speculative trading by a group of retail investors, in line with their prior high-risk trading behavior. AU - Hasso, Tim AU - Müller, Daniel AU - Pelster, Matthias AU - Warkulat, Sonja ID - 22205 JF - Finance Research Letters KW - Predatory Trading KW - Retail Investors KW - Trading Behavior TI - Who participated in the GameStop frenzy? Evidence from brokerage accounts ER - TY - JOUR AB - ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) wird das Instrument zur Diagnose pädagogischer Kompetenzen von Pflegelehrpersonen (PädKomPflege) vorgestellt.Die Berufsbildung in der Pflege ist durch sich verändernde inhaltliche und gesetzliche Anforderungen geprägt. Verschiedene landesspezifische rechtliche Vorgaben führen zu einem sehr heterogenen Bild von Qualifikationen und Kompetenzen der Pflegelehrpersonen. Die Anrechnung bereits erworbener Kompetenzen auf pflegepädagogische Studiengänge sowie die Kompetenzerfassung und -bilanzierung in Berufsbildungseinrichtungen spielt daher eine wichtige Rolle. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde das Instrument PädKomPflege entwickelt und erprobt. Grundlage des Kompetenzmodells sind die Empfehlungen der Kultusministerkonferenz (2004) zu den Standards für die (allgemeine) Lehrerbildung sowie Expertenworkshops und -interviews mit PflegedidaktikerInnen. Die empirische Erprobung erfolgte an einer Stichprobe von 1096 Pflegelehrpersonen. Psychometrische Analysen auf Grundlage der klassischen Testtheorie sowie IRT-basierte Analysen führten zu einer Überarbeitung des Instruments, welches nun als zweisprachiges Online-Self-Assessmenttool (eng./deut.) vorliegt. Die Validierung der deutschsprachigen Version fand anhand von 545 TeilnehmerInnen im Jahr 2016 statt, sodass ein geprüftes Instrument mit 54 Items in den fünf Hauptskalen (Unterricht, Beurteilung, Beratung, Lernortkooperation sowie Organisations- und Schulentwicklung) und 18 Subskalen zur Verfügung steht.Sowohl klassische als auch probabilistische Testgütekriterien werden erfüllt. Die Skalen weisen hohe interne Konsistenzen auf (α > 0,80) und sind überwiegend konstruktvalide. So lassen sich für 17 der 18 Subskalen ordinale Raschmodelle anpassen. Auf der Ebene der Hauptskalen können Partial Credit Modelle für alle Items von modellkonformen Subskalen einer Hauptskala angepasst werden. Das Instrument kann zur individuellen Kompetenzdiagnostik, zur Identifikation von Bildungsbedarfen in Schulen des Gesundheitswesens und im Kontext beruflicher Bildungsprozesse genutzt werden. In der Onlineversion erhalten Teilnehmende abschließend ein individuelles Kompetenzprofil mit möglichen Vergleichswerten. Das Tool kann begleitend zu Qualifizierungsprozessen als Monitoring-Instrument oder zur individuellen Kompetenzbilanzierung eingesetzt werden. AU - Schürmann, Mirko AU - Bender, Elena AU - Grebe, Christian ID - 37231 JF - Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie (GIO) KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Applied Psychology KW - Developmental and Educational Psychology KW - Education KW - Social Psychology SN - 2366-6145 TI - Kompetenzdiagnose in der Berufsbildung von Pflegelehrpersonen ER - TY - JOUR AB - Zusammenfassung. In der Arbeit 4.0 ist durch neue Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten für Mitarbeitende eine Langzeitbindung an ein Unternehmen seltener. Unternehmen reagieren mit flexibilisierten Arbeitsplätzen, um diesem Wunsch der Mitarbeitenden nachzukommen. Flexibilisierung reduziert die Absicht das Unternehmen zu verlassen. Dabei ist wichtig, räumliche und zeitliche Flexibilisierung zu differenzieren. Außerdem gewinnen individuelle Werte bezüglich Stabilität und Kontinuität an Bedeutung und können den Bindungswunsch stärken. Hauptziel dieser Untersuchung ist, anhand eines kontroll- und ressourcentheoretisch fundierten Rahmens in zwei aufeinander aufbauenden Studien ( N = 448, N = 202) die (potenziell unterschiedlich starken) Zusammenhänge von zeitlicher und räumlicher Flexibilisierung mit Mitarbeitendenbindung zu analysieren und zu prüfen, ob sich diese Zusammenhänge bestätigen lassen, wenn zusätzlich individuelle Werte in die Analyse einbezogen werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zeitliche und räumliche Flexibilisierung unterschiedlich mit der Bleibeabsicht zusammenhängen. Während zeitliche Flexibilisierung positive Zusammenhänge zeigt, finden sich in Bezug auf räumliche Flexibilisierung keine Zusammenhänge. Werte bezüglich Stabilität und Kontinuität scheinen dabei nicht mit einer stärkeren Mitarbeitendenbindung zusammenzuhängen. AU - Bender, Elena AU - Schürmann, Mirko AU - Poethke, Ute AU - Soyka, Chantal AU - Schaper, Niclas AU - Rowold, und Jens ID - 33748 IS - 1 JF - Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Applied Psychology SN - 0932-4089 TI - Die Rolle von arbeitsplatzbezogener Flexibilisierung und die Betrachtung von individuellen Werten für Mitarbeitendenbindung in der Arbeitswelt 4.0 VL - 66 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Decius, Julian AU - Knappstein, Michael AU - Schaper, Niclas AU - Seifert, Andreas ID - 37406 JF - Human Resource Development Quarterly KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) SN - 1044-8004 TI - Investigating the multidimensionality of informal learning: Validation of a short measure for white‐collar workers ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hubner-Benz, Sylvia AU - Rudic, Biljana AU - Baum, Matthias ID - 48520 IS - 11 JF - The International Journal of Human Resource Management KW - Management of Technology and Innovation KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Strategy and Management KW - Business and International Management KW - Industrial relations SN - 0958-5192 TI - How entrepreneur’s leadership behavior and demographics shape applicant attraction to new ventures: the role of stereotypes VL - 34 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Evaluators’ fit assessments are not only influenced by applicants’ qualities, but also by stereotypes, especially in recruitment for high‐status jobs in male‐dominated fields. The unidimensional agentic stereotype of these work contexts signals agentic job and organizational requirements (stereotypically male qualities such as achievement orientation), although the actual requirements usually also include communality (stereotypically female qualities such as interpersonal skills). In five experiments, we investigate the relevance of perceived applicant agency for perceived applicant fit, the influence of recruitment material, contextual differences, and the role of applicant gender. Our findings indicate that perceived applicant agency drives perceived person‐job and person‐organization fit in strictly male stereotyped work contexts, regardless of gender, and agentic recruitment material enhances this effect. Contrasting different contexts (high‐ with low‐status jobs and a male‐dominated with a gender‐balanced and female‐dominated field) revealed that the relevance of perceived agency increases with perceived job status, and the relevance of perceived communality decreases with the expected share of men. Although women were perceived as highly agentic in strictly male stereotyped work contexts, their need to be perceived as agentic also was higher than for men, due to the perceived lack of fit between women and high‐status jobs. AU - Dutz, Regina AU - Hubner-Benz, Sylvia AU - Peus, Claudia ID - 48513 IS - 2 JF - Personnel Psychology KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Applied Psychology SN - 0031-5826 TI - When agency “fits” regardless of gender: Perceptions of applicant fit when job and organization signal male stereotypes VL - 75 ER - TY - CONF AU - Arslan, Kader ID - 30190 KW - Social media management KW - Social media KW - Literature review KW - Affordances KW - User behavior KW - Use culture T2 - Proceedings of the 29th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2021) TI - A Review on Social Media Channel Choice Determinants in Organizations ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract. This study investigates factors influencing employeesʼ intention to stay. Therefore, we developed and analyzed a retention model relating to the voluntary turnover model ( Allen et al., 2010 ). We assume that the decision processes for retention and turnover might be similar. Differences can be found in the initiating factors (the drivers for leaving and staying). We combine empirically evident retention drivers, which are weighted regarding their implementation in the organization, with process variables from the turnover model. The model is tested with a sample of 881 German employees using structural equation modeling. Results show a significant indirect effect of the retention drivers on the intention to stay. The influence is mediated by the key attitudes job satisfaction and affective commitment. A psychological contract breach influences the relationship between job satisfaction and intention to stay, but not between affective commitment and intention to stay. We integrated research from Human Resource Management (HRM) into the framework of voluntary turnover. AU - Bender, Elena AU - Schaper, Niclas AU - Schürmann, Mirko ID - 37225 IS - 4 JF - Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Applied Psychology SN - 0932-4089 TI - Factors Driving Employeesʼ Intention to Stay VL - 63 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gallier, Carlo AU - Goeschl, Timo AU - Kesternich, Martin AU - Lohse, Johannes AU - Reif, Christiane AU - Römer, Daniel ID - 45585 JF - Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Economics and Econometrics SN - 0167-2681 TI - Leveling up? An inter-neighborhood experiment on parochialism and the efficiency of multi-level public goods provision VL - 164 ER - TY - THES AB - Reliability-adaptive systems allow an adaptation of system behavior based on current system reliability. They can extend their lifetime at the cost of lowered performance or vice versa. This can be used to adapt failure behavior according to a maintenance plan, thus increasing availability while using up system capability fully. To facilitate setup, a control algorithm independent of a degradation model is desired. A closed loop control technique for reliability based on a health index, a measure for system degradation, is introduced. It uses self-optimization as means to implement behavior adaptation. This is based on selecting the priorities of objectives that the system pursues. Possible working points are computed beforehand using model-based multiobjective optimization techniques. The controller selects the priorities of objectives and this way balances reliability and performance. As exemplary application, an automatically actuated single plate dry clutch is introduced. The entire reliability control is setup and lifetime experiments are conducted. Results show that the variance of time to failure is reduced greatly, making the failure behavior more predictable. At the same time, the desired usable lifetime can be extended at the cost of system performance to allow for changed maintenance intervals. Together, these possibilities allow for greater system usage and better planning of maintenance. AU - Meyer, Tobias ID - 9994 KW - dependability KW - reliability KW - behavior adaptation KW - self-optimization KW - multiobjective optimization KW - optimal control KW - automotive drivetrain KW - clutch system KW - reliability-adaptive system TI - Optimization-based reliability control of mechatronic systems ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study explores how entrepreneurs develop human resources within their firms. Based on an analysis of interviews with entrepreneurs and new venture consultants, we describe entrepreneurs' human resources development (HRD) approaches. We found that entrepreneurs rely on networking and creativity, aim to leverage employees' interest and competencies, and allow cocreation by employees; current requirements and situational conditions shape entrepreneurs' HRD decisions. To elaborate on our findings, we draw on the distinction between causation and effectuation. We describe an entrepreneurial HRD process that combines both a causation‐based and an effectuation‐based HRD approach. AU - Hubner-Benz, Sylvia AU - Baum, Matthias ID - 48525 IS - 4 JF - Human Resource Development Quarterly KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) SN - 1044-8004 TI - Entrepreneurs' human resources development VL - 29 ER - TY - JOUR AB - State-of-the-art mechatronic systems offer inherent intelligence that enables them to autonomously adapt their behavior to current environmental conditions and to their own system state. This autonomous behavior adaptation is made possible by software in combination with complex sensor and actuator systems and by sophisticated information processing, all of which make these systems increasingly complex. This increasing complexity makes the design process a challenging task and brings new complex possibilities for operation and maintenance. However, with the risk of increased system complexity also comes the chance to adapt system behavior based on current reliability, which in turn increases reliability. The development of such an adaption strategy requires appropriate methods to evaluate reliability based on currently selected system behavior. A common approach to implement such adaptivity is to base system behavior on different working points that are obtained using multiobjective optimization. During operation, selection among these allows a changed operating strategy. To allow for multiobjective optimization, an accurate system model including system reliability is required. This model is repeatedly evaluated by the optimization algorithm. At present, modeling of system reliability and synchronization of the models of behavior and reliability is a laborious manual task and thus very error-prone. Since system behavior is crucial for system reliability, an integrated model is introduced that integrates system behavior and system reliability. The proposed approach is used to formulate reliability-related objective functions for a clutch test rig that are used to compute feasible working points using multiobjective optimization. AU - Kaul, Thorben AU - Meyer, Tobias AU - Sextro, Walter ID - 9976 JF - SAGE Journals KW - Integrated model KW - reliability KW - system behavior KW - Bayesian network KW - multiobjective optimization TI - Formulation of reliability-related objective functions for design of intelligent mechatronic systems VL - Vol. 231(4) ER - TY - CONF AB - ln der industriellen Fertigung werden zum Transport von Bauteilen häufig Förderketten genutzt. Obwohl die Förderketten meist nicht direkt mit den Arbeitsmedien in Berührung kommen, werden sie indirekt durch vagabundierende Stäube und Pulver, die an der geölten Kette anhaften, im Laufe der Zeit stark verschmutzt. Ein derart im Betrieb verschmutztes Kettenglied ist in Abbildung 1 dargestellt. Um die Lebensdauer der Ketten zu erhöhen und das Herunterfallen von Schmutzpartikel auf die Produkte zu vermeiden, muss die Kette regelmäßig gereinigt werden. Ziel des hier beschriebenen Forschungsvorhabens ist die Entwicklung eines Systems, das in der Lage ist, ein einzelnes Kettenglied in unter 60 s mittels Ultraschall zu reinigen. In [1] wurde in ersten Versuchen nachgewiesen, dass Stabschwinger in Abhängigkeit des Sonotrodenabstands zum Reinigungsobjekt und der Ultraschallamplitude eine intensive Reinigungswirkung entfalten. Das Konzept der Reinigungsanlage sieht deshalb vor, im ersten Schritt die stark verschmutzten Kettenglieder durch ein hochintensives Kavitationsfeld von direkt eingetauchten Stabschwingern vorzureinigen und anschließend schwer zugängliche Be- reiche wie Hinterschneidungen oder Bohrungen mittels konventioneller Tauchschwinger von Verschmutzungen zu befreien. Für den Stabschwinger wird die sogenannte - Sonotrode untersucht; diese wird unter anderem auch in der Sonochemie verwendet. Ein wesentliches Merkmal der Sonotrode ist eine hohe Amplitudenübersetzung bei einer gleichzeitig großen Abstrahlfläche. Neben dem Entwurf mittels der L /2 -Synthese wird die Reinigungswirkung der Sonotrode in Abhängigkeit der Ultraschallamplitude und dem Abstand zum Reinigungsobjekt in einer Versuchsreihe untersucht. Zur genaueren Betrachtung der Reinigungs- mechanismen eines Stabschwingers werden abschließend Hochgeschwindigkeitsaufnahmen vorgestellt und analysieren. AU - Schemmel, Reinhard AU - Hemsel, Tobias AU - Sextro, Walter ID - 9982 KW - wire bonding KW - dynamic behavior KW - modeling T2 - 43. Deutsche Jahrestagung für Akustik TI - MoRFUS: Mobile Reinigungseinheit für Förderketten basierend auf Ultraschall ER - TY - JOUR AB - This longitudinal study addresses the role of support given by parents and peers during the transition from university to work life. A sample of 64 German university students in their last year at the university completed scales from the Network of Relationships Inventory regarding general support, namely, instrumental aid and intimacy with mothers, fathers, romantic partners, and friends. Four years later, they assessed domain-specific support when looking for work, namely, joint exploration and instrumental support. Participants perceived receiving both types of support from all significant others. However, joint exploration was more important than instrumental support. They felt especially supported by romantic partners. Women received more support than did men. Both types of domain-specific support were explained by general modes of support assessed 4 years earlier. Whether parents, friends, and partners were perceived as helpful during the transition was explained mainly by joint exploration. Again, support from a partner was seen as especially helpful in contrast to help from parents and friends. The special significance of joint exploration underlines the benefit of counseling at the transition from university to work life. AU - Buhl, Heike M. AU - Noack, Peter AU - Kracke, Baerbel ID - 32546 IS - 6 JF - Journal of Career Development KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - General Psychology KW - Applied Psychology KW - Education SN - 0894-8453 TI - The Role of Parents and Peers in the Transition From University to Work Life VL - 45 ER - TY - CONF AU - Polevoy, Gleb AU - de Weerdt, Mathijs AU - Jonker, Catholijn ID - 17656 KW - agent's influence KW - behavior KW - convergence KW - perron-frobenius KW - reciprocal interaction KW - repeated reciprocation SN - 978-1-4503-4239-1 T2 - Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems TI - The Convergence of Reciprocation ER - TY - CHAP AB - Patients 2.0 increasingly inform themselves about the quality of medical services on physician rating websites. However, little is known about whether the reviews and ratings on these websites truly reflect the quality of services or whether the ratings on these websites are rather influenced by patients’ individual rating behavior. Therefore, we investigate more than 790,000 physician reviews on Germany’s most used physician rating website jameda.de. Our results show that patients’ ratings do not only reflect treatment quality but are also influenced by treatment quality independent factors like age and complaint behavior. Hence, we provide evidence that users should be well aware of user specific rating distortions when intending to make their physician choice based on these ratings. AU - Geierhos, Michaela AU - Bäumer, Frederik Simon AU - Schulze, Sabine AU - Klotz, Caterina ED - Christiansen, Henning ED - Stojanovic, Isidora ED - Papadopoulos, George A. ID - 1150 KW - Health 2.0 KW - Rating Behavior KW - Patient Opinion Mining on Physician Rating Websites SN - 9783319255903 T2 - Modeling and Using Context. 9th International and Interdisciplinary Conference, CONTEXT 2015, Lanarca, Cyprus, November 2-6, 2015. Proceedings TI - Understanding the Patient 2.0: Gaining Insight into Patients' Rating Behavior by User-generated Physician Review Mining VL - 9405 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Banks face a 'behavioralization' of their balance sheets since deposit funding increasingly consists of non-maturing deposits with uncertain cash flows exposing banks to asset liability (ALM) risk. Thus, this study examines the behavior of banks’ retail customers regarding non-maturing deposits. Our unique sample comprises the contract and cash flow data for 2.2 million individual contracts from 1991 to 2010. We find that contractual rewards, i.e., qualified interest payments, and government subsidies, effectively stabilize saving behavior and thus bank funding. The probability of an early deposit withdrawal decreases by approximately 40%, and cash flow volatility drops by about 25%. Our findings provide important insights for banks using pricing incentives to steer desired saving patterns for their non-maturing deposit portfolios. Finally, these results are informative regarding the bank liquidity regulations (Basel III) concerning the stability of deposits and the minimum requirements for risk management (European Commission DIRECTIVE 2006/48/EC). AU - Schlueter, Tobias AU - Sievers, Sönke AU - Hartmann-Wendels, Thomas ID - 4873 JF - Journal of Banking & Finance (VHB-JOURQUAL 3 Ranking A) KW - retail saving behavior KW - non-maturing deposits KW - deposit funding KW - contractual rewards KW - interest rate bonus KW - saving persistence KW - cash flow volatility TI - Bank funding stability, pricing strategies and the guidance of depositors VL - 51 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In service industries, hierarchical loyalty programs are common relationship marketing instruments that award elevated status to customers who exceed a certain spending level (e.g., gold membership). In practice, service companies offer elevated status to some customers who do not meet the required spending level, in an attempt to profit from the profound allure of status. Relying on social psychology research and a mixed-method approach, this study analyzes the loyalty impact of status endowments, defined as awards of elevated status to customers who are not entitled to it. An exploratory qualitative study identifies customer gratitude and customer skepticism as positive and negative mediators, respectively, of customers’ attitudinal responses to endowed status. Quantitative studies—two experimental and one survey—substantiate these bright and dark sides of endowed status. The efficacy of status endowment is contingent on the context. To alleviate the dark-side effect, managers can allow target customers to actively choose whether to be endowed, especially those who are close to achieving the status already, and provide valuable preferential treatment to customers elevated by either endowment or achievement. These insights offer guidelines for whether and how to use status endowment in hierarchical loyalty programs. AU - Eggert, Andreas AU - Steinhoff, Lena AU - Garnefeld, Ina ID - 41297 IS - 2 JF - Journal of Service Research KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Sociology and Political Science KW - Information Systems SN - 1094-6705 TI - Managing the Bright and Dark Sides of Status Endowment in Hierarchical Loyalty Programs VL - 18 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The debate surrounding climate change often centers on companies’ contributions to global warming, which has led to an increase in the importance of carbon disclosure. We evaluate the current state of related research and identify its trends, coherences, and caveats via a systematic literature review. Sociopolitical theories of disclosure, economic theories of disclosure, and institutional theory serve as the main theoretical anchors for our exploration. The existing research emphasizes the determinants and, to a lesser extent, effects of carbon disclosure, as well as the associated regulatory issues such as voluntary versus mandatory disclosure. Additionally, we discuss related topics, such as assurance and risks. We find that a large portion of scholarly work provides no link to theory, despite the fact that such links can be identified, for example, from the financial disclosure literature. Finally, we report on the established knowledge and examine the need for additional research. AU - Hahn, Rüdiger AU - Reimsbach, Daniel AU - Schiemann, Frank ID - 47910 IS - 1 JF - Organization & Environment KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - General Environmental Science SN - 1086-0266 TI - Organizations, Climate Change, and Transparency VL - 28 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Intelligent mechatronic systems, such as self-optimizing systems, allow an adaptation of the system behavior at runtime based on the current situation. To do so, they generally select among several pre-defined working points. A common method to determine working points for a mechatronic system is to use model-based multiobjective optimization. It allows finding compromises among conflicting objectives, called objective functions, by adapting parameters. To evaluate the system behavior for different parameter sets, a model of the system behavior is included in the objective functions and is evaluated during each function call. Intelligent mechatronic systems also have the ability to adapt their behavior based on their current reliability, thus increasing their availability, or on changed safety requirements; all of which are summed up by the common term dependability. To allow this adaptation, dependability can be considered in multiobjective optimization by including dependability-related objective functions. However, whereas performance-related objective functions are easily found, formulation of dependability-related objective functions is highly system-specific and not intuitive, making it complex and error-prone. Since each mechatronic system is different, individual failure modes have to be taken into account, which need to be found using common methods such as Failure-Modes and Effects Analysis or Fault Tree Analysis. Using component degradation models, which again are specific to the system at hand, the main loading factors can be determined. By including these in the model of the system behavior, the relation between working point and dependability can be formulated as an objective function. In our work, this approach is presented in more detail. It is exemplified using an actively actuated single plate dry clutch system. Results show that this approach is suitable for formulating dependability-related objective functions and that these can be used to extend system lifetime by adapting system behavior. AU - Meyer , Tobias AU - Sondermann-Wölke, Christoph AU - Sextro, Walter ID - 9885 JF - Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence KW - Self-optimization KW - multiobjective optimization KW - objective function KW - dependability KW - intelligent system KW - behavior adaptation TI - Method to Identify Dependability Objectives in Multiobjective Optimization Problem VL - 15 ER - TY - CONF AB - A measurement method is presented that combines the advantages of the multisine measurement technique with a prediction method for peak bending behavior. This combination allows the analysis of the dynamic behavior of mechanical structures at distinctly reduced measurement durations and has the advantage of reducing high excitation impacts on the structure under test. AU - Sprock, Christian AU - Sextro, Walter ID - 9889 KW - bending KW - dynamic testing KW - measurement KW - structural engineering KW - vibrations KW - measurement durations KW - mechanical structures KW - multisine measurement technique KW - nonlinear peak bending behavior KW - prediction method KW - time-efficient dynamic analysis KW - Heuristic algorithms KW - Nonlinear systems KW - Oscillators KW - Time measurement KW - Time-frequency analysis KW - Vibrations T2 - Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014 IEEE International TI - Time-efficient dynamic analysis of structures exhibiting nonlinear peak bending ER - TY - JOUR AB - According to natural pedagogy theory, infants are sensitive to particular ostensive cues that communicate to them that they are being addressed and that they can expect to learn referential information. We demonstrate that 6-month-old infants follow others' gaze direction in situations that are highly attention-grabbing. This occurs irrespective of whether these situations include communicative intent and ostensive cues (a model looks directly into the child's eyes prior to shifting gaze to an object) or not (a model shivers while looking down prior to shifting gaze to an object). In contrast, in less attention-grabbing contexts in which the model simply looks down prior to shifting gaze to an object, no effect is found. These findings demonstrate that one of the central pillars of natural pedagogy is false. Sensitivity to gaze following in infancy is not restricted to contexts in which ostensive cues are conveyed. AU - Szufnarowska, Joanna AU - Rohlfing, Katharina AU - Christine, Fawcett AU - Gustaf, Gredebäck ID - 17197 IS - 1 JF - Scientific Reports KW - Human behavior KW - Attention SN - 2045-2322 TI - Is ostension any more than attention? VL - 4 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In many business markets, manufacturers seek service-led growth to secure their existing positions and continue to grow in increasingly competitive environments. Using longitudinal data from 513 German mechanical engineering companies and latent growth curve modeling, this study offers a fine-grained view of the financial performance implications of industrial service strategies. By disentangling the revenue and profit implications of industrial service strategies, findings reveal that such strategies increase both the level and the growth of manufacturing firms’ revenue streams. In contrast, they reduce the level but improve the growth of manufacturers’ profits. Results further suggest that services supporting the clients’ actions (SSC) and services supporting the supplier’s product (SSP) affect performance outcomes in different ways. SSCs directly affect revenue and profit streams. In turn, SSPs display only indirect effects on financial performance mediated through SSCs. A moderator analysis identifies two organizational contingencies that facilitate service business success: Only companies with decentralized decision-making processes and a high share of loyal customers can expect favorable financial results from industrial service strategies. In summary, this research provides significant insights and managerial guidance for turning service strategies into financial successes. AU - Eggert, Andreas AU - Hogreve, Jens AU - Ulaga, Wolfgang AU - Münkhoff, Eva ID - 41341 IS - 1 JF - Journal of Service Research KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Sociology and Political Science KW - Information Systems SN - 1094-6705 TI - Revenue and Profit Implications of Industrial Service Strategies VL - 17 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kesternich, Martin AU - Lange, Andreas AU - Sturm, Bodo ID - 45595 JF - Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization KW - Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management KW - Economics and Econometrics SN - 0167-2681 TI - The impact of burden sharing rules on the voluntary provision of public goods VL - 105 ER - TY - CONF AB - The purpose of the research was to develop and validate an instrument for the assessment of attitudes towards the study environment in higher education contexts. The questionnaire is designed to measure students' attitudes towards two particular objects: the university (or Higher Education Institution) and the process of studying. Five studies at two different universities were conducted to develop and validate the Attitudes towards the Study Environment Questionnaire (ASEQ). In total, 1640 students filled in the questionnaire. Reliability tests and exploratory factor analysis as well as confirmatory factor analysis showed satisfactory psychometric characteristics of the ASEQ. Each part of the questionnaire is internally consistent and construct validity of the scales is supported by correlations with other constructs as assumed by current theories: Positive attitudinal constructs (normative behavior, autonomy, joy, self-efficacy, and task value) are positively related to intrinsic motivation and the expected study performance while anxiety is negatively related to these constructs. Since attitudes towards the study situation are connected to student engagement and motivation, the study contributes to the theory of student learning by providing a validated instrument to assess attitudes. Thus, the ASEQ can support further research on student performance and development by providing an instrument for the hitherto neglected but nonetheless extremely relevant domain of attitudes. Also, the questionnaire can be used as a diagnostic instrument for higher education faculty and administration to trace students' attitudinal development over time - a factor of prime importance for student socialization during the introductory phase of studying. AU - Brahm, Taiga AU - Jenert, Tobias AU - Euler, Dieter ID - 4478 KW - attitudes KW - teaching and learning KW - studying KW - higher education institution KW - theory of planned behavior KW - instrument development TI - On the assessment of attitudes towards the study process and the university: Attitudes towards the Study Environment Questionnaire (ASEQ) ER - TY - JOUR AB - If one of two events is attended to, it will be perceived earlier than a simultaneously occurring unattended event. Since 150 years, this effect has been ascribed to the facilitating influence of attention, also known as prior entry. Yet, the attentional origin of prior-entry effects¹ has been repeatedly doubted. One criticism is that prior-entry effects might be due to biased decision processes that would mimic a temporal advantage for attended stimuli. Although most obvious biases have already been excluded experimentally (e.g. judgment criteria, response compatibility) and prior-entry effects have shown to persist (Shore, Spence, & Klein, 2001), many other biases are conceivable, which makes it difficult to put the debate to an end. Thus, we approach this problem the other way around by asking whether prior-entry effects can be biased voluntarily. Observers were informed about prior entry and instructed to reduce it as far as possible. For this aim they received continuous feedback AU - Weiß, Katharina AU - Scharlau, Ingrid ID - 6064 IS - 1 JF - Acta Psychologica KW - intentions KW - events KW - attention KW - decision processes KW - Adult KW - Attention KW - Choice Behavior KW - Cues KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Intention KW - Judgment KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Reaction Time KW - Time Perception KW - Visual Perception KW - Attention KW - Decision Making KW - Experiences (Events) KW - Intention SN - 0001-6918 TI - At the mercy of prior entry: Prior entry induced by invisible primes is not susceptible to current intentions. VL - 139 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The behavior for a humanoid robot is often modeled in accordance with human behavior. Current research suggests that analyzing infant behavior as a basis for designing the robot behavior can guide us to a natural robot interface. Based on this idea many researchers support saliency systems as a bottom-up inspired way to simulate infant-like gazing behavior. In the field of saliency systems many different approaches have proposed and quantified in terms of speed, quality and other technical issues. But so far, no one compared and quantified them in terms of natural infant tutor interaction. The question we would like to address in this paper is: Can state-of-the-art saliency systems model infant gazing behavior in tutoring situations? By addressing these issues we want to take a step towards an autonomous robot system, which could be used more natural interaction experiments in future. AU - Narayan, Vikram AU - Lohan, Katrin Solveig AU - Tscherepanow, Marko AU - Rohlfing, Katharina AU - Wrede, Britta ID - 17236 IS - 35 JF - Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience KW - child gazing behavior KW - computer vision KW - saliency KW - development SN - 1662-5188 TI - Can state-of-the-art saliency systems model infant gazing behavior in tutoring situations? VL - 5 ER - TY - CONF AB - Self-optimizing systems are able to adapt their behavior autonomously according to their current self-determined objectives. Unforeseen influences could lead to dependability-critical behavior of the system. Methods are required which secure self-optimizing systems during operation. These methods to increase the dependability of the system should already be taken into consideration in the design process. This paper presents a guideline for the dependability-oriented design of self-optimizing systems, which integrates established classical methods like failure mode and effects analysis as well as methods based on self-optimization. On the one hand self-optimization is used to increase the dependability of the system by integrating objectives like safety, availability, and reliability to the objectives of the system. On the other hand methods are required to ensure the self-optimization itself. As basis for this guideline serves the principle solution of the system. The six phases of the guideline extend the design process and lead to an enhanced principle solution. Additionally, the guideline illustrates phases to implement and validate the self-optimizing system. The proposed guideline is applied to an innovative rail-bound vehicle, called RailCab, which is equipped with self-optimizing function modules. AU - Sondermann-Wölke, Christoph AU - Hemsel, Tobias AU - Sextro, Walter AU - Gausemeier, Jürgen AU - Pook, Sebastian ID - 9760 KW - RailCab KW - dependability-critical behavior KW - dependability-oriented design KW - failure mode KW - rail-bound vehicle KW - secure self-optimizing systems KW - self-optimizing function modules KW - optimisation KW - railways KW - self-adjusting systems T2 - Industrial Informatics (INDIN), 2010 8th IEEE International Conference on TI - Guideline for the dependability-oriented design of self-optimizing systems ER - TY - CONF AB - Recent advances in information processing enable new kinds of technical systems, called self-optimizing systems. These systems are able to adapt their objectives and their behavior according to the current situation and influences autonomously. This behavior adaptation is non-deterministic and hence self-optimization is a risk to the system, e.g. if the result of the self-optimization process does not match the suddenly changed situation. In contrary, self-optimization could be used to increase the dependability by pursuing objectives like reliability and availability. In our preceding publications we introduced the so called multi-level dependability concept to cope with this new kind of systems (cf. [6]). This concept comprises the monitoring of the system behavior, the classification of the current situation, and the selection of the appropriate measure, if reliability limits are exceeded. In this paper we present for the first time experimental results. The dependability concept is implemented in the self-optimizing active guidance system of a railway vehicle. The test drives illustrate clearly that the proposed concept is able to cope with, e.g., sensor failures, and is able to increase the reliability and availability of the active guidance module. AU - Sondermann-Wölke, Christoph AU - Geisler, Jens AU - Sextro, Walter ID - 9763 KW - availability KW - dependability concept KW - multilevel dependability concept KW - railway vehicle KW - reliability KW - self optimizing active guidance system KW - self optimizing railway guidance system KW - situation classification KW - system behavior monitoring KW - optimal control KW - railways KW - reliability theory KW - self-adjusting systems SN - 0149-144X T2 - Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS), 2010 Proceedings - Annual TI - Increasing the reliability of a self-optimizing railway guidance system ER - TY - CONF AB - In developmental research, tutoring behavior has been identified as scaffolding infants' learning processes. It has been defined in terms of child-directed speech (Motherese), child-directed motion (Motionese), and contingency. In the field of developmental robotics, research often assumes that in human-robot interaction (HRI), robots are treated similar to infants, because their immature cognitive capabilities benefit from this behavior. However, according to our knowledge, it has barely been studied whether this is true and how exactly humans alter their behavior towards a robotic interaction partner. In this paper, we present results concerning the acceptance of a robotic agent in a social learning scenario obtained via comparison to adults and 8-11 months old infants in equal conditions. These results constitute an important empirical basis for making use of tutoring behavior in social robotics. In our study, we performed a detailed multimodal analysis of HRI in a tutoring situation using the example of a robot simulation equipped with a bottom-up saliency-based attention model. Our results reveal significant differences in hand movement velocity, motion pauses, range of motion, and eye gaze suggesting that for example adults decrease their hand movement velocity in an Adult-Child Interaction (ACI), opposed to an Adult-Adult Interaction (AAI) and this decrease is even higher in the Adult-Robot Interaction (ARI). We also found important differences between ACI and ARI in how the behavior is modified over time as the interaction unfolds. These findings indicate the necessity of integrating top-down feedback structures into a bottom-up system for robots to be fully accepted as interaction partners. AU - Vollmer, Anna-Lisa AU - Lohan, Katrin Solveig AU - Fischer, Kerstin AU - Nagai, Yukie AU - Pitsch, Karola AU - Fritsch, Jannik AU - Rohlfing, Katharina AU - Wrede, Britta ID - 17272 KW - robot simulation KW - hand movement velocity KW - robotic interaction partner KW - robotic agent KW - robot-directed interaction KW - multimodal analysis KW - Motionese KW - Motherese KW - intelligent tutoring systems KW - immature cognitive capability KW - human computer interaction KW - eye gaze KW - child-directed speech KW - child-directed motion KW - bottom-up system KW - bottom-up saliency-based attention model KW - adult-robot interaction KW - adult-child interaction KW - adult-adult interaction KW - human-robot interaction KW - action learning KW - social learning scenario KW - social robotics KW - software agents KW - top-down feedback structures KW - tutoring behavior T2 - Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning TI - People modify their tutoring behavior in robot-directed interaction for action learning ER - TY - CHAP AB - Test processes in the automotive industry are tool-intensive and affected by technologically heterogeneous test infrastructures. In the industrial practice a product has to pass tests at several levels of abstraction such as Model-in-the-Loop (MIL), Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) tests. Different test systems are applied for this purpose (e.g. dSPACE MTest, dSPACE Automation Desk, National Instruments Teststand) and almost each test system requests its own proprietary test description language. The exchange of tests between different test systems and the reuse of tests between different test levels is normally not possible. Efforts to integrate these heterogeneous test environments, to address test exchange in a general manner and to standardize and harmonize the existing language environment are still at the beginning and not tailored towards the requirements of the automotive domain. To keep the whole development and test process efficient and manageable, the definition of an integrated and seamless approach is required. TestML – the test exchange language we present in this article – is defined to overcome the technological obstacles (different test language syntax and semantics, different data formats and interface descriptions) that almost automatically accompany the application of heterogeneous test tools and test infrastructures. TestML supports the exchange of tests between different test notations in a heterogeneous tool environment. In this paper, we introduce the XML schema of TestML and demonstrate the efficiency of the interchange format by giving examples from the model-based development of electronic control units. Tool support is illustrated by an application with Simulink/Stateflow. AU - Großmann, Jürgen AU - Fey, Ines AU - Krupp, Alexander AU - Conrad, Mirko AU - Wewetzer, Christian AU - Müller, Wolfgang ED - Broy, Manfred ED - Krüger, Ingolf H. ED - Meisinger, Michael ID - 33815 KW - Test Behavior KW - Test Exchange KW - System Under Test KW - Hybrid Automaton KW - Test Execution SN - 978-3-540-70929-9 T2 - ASWSD 2006: Model-Driven Development of Reliable Automotive Services TI - TestML – A Test Exchange Language for Model-based Testing of Embedded Software ER - TY - CONF AB - This paper investigates the influence of feedback provided by an autonomous robot (BIRON) on users’ discursive behavior. A user study is described during which users show objects to the robot. The results of the experiment indicate, that the robot’s verbal feedback utterances cause the humans to adapt their own way of speaking. The changes in users’ verbal behavior are due to their beliefs about the robots knowledge and abilities. In this paper they are identified and grouped. Moreover, the data implies variations in user behavior regarding gestures. Unlike speech, the robot was not able to give feedback with gestures. Due to the lack of feedback, users did not seem to have a consistent mental representation of the robot’s abilities to recognize gestures. As a result, changes between different gestures are interpreted to be unconscious variations accompanying speech. AU - Lohse, Manja AU - Rohlfing, Katharina AU - Wrede, Britta AU - Sagerer, Gerhard ID - 17278 KW - discursive behavior KW - autonomous robot KW - BIRON KW - man-machine systems KW - robot abilities KW - robot knowledge KW - user gestures KW - robot verbal feedback utterance KW - speech processing KW - user verbal behavior KW - service robots KW - human-robot interaction KW - human computer interaction KW - gesture recognition SN - 1050-4729 TI - “Try something else!” — When users change their discursive behavior in human-robot interaction ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the current study, we tested whether search for a visual motion singleton presented among several coherently moving distractors can be more efficient than search for a motion stimulus presented with a single distractor. Under a variety of conditions, multiple spatially distributed and coherently moving distractors facilitated search for a uniquely moving target relative to a single-motion-distractor condition (Experiments 1,3, and 4). Color coherencies among static distractors were not equally effective (Experiments 1 and 2). These results confirm that humans are highly sensitive to antagonistically directed motion signals in backgrounds compared with spatially more confined regions of visual images. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) AU - Ansorge, Ulrich AU - Scharlau, Ingrid AU - Labudda, Kirsten ID - 6094 IS - 2 JF - Psychological Research KW - visual search KW - motion singleton KW - visual images KW - visual motion KW - coherently moving distractors KW - Adult KW - Attention KW - Exploratory Behavior KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Motion Perception KW - Visual Perception KW - Motion Perception KW - Stimulus Salience KW - Visual Search KW - Distraction KW - Retinal Image SN - 0340-0727 TI - Visual search for a motion singleton among coherently moving distractors. VL - 70 ER - TY - CONF AB - Several positioning tasks demand translatory drive instead of rotary motion. To achieve drives that are capable e.g. to drive the sunroof of a car or to lift a car's window, multiple miniaturized motors can be combined. But in this case many other questions arise: the electromechanical behavior of the individual motors differs slightly, the motor characteristics are strongly dependent on the driving parameters and the driven load, many applications need some extra power for special cases like overcoming higher forces periodically. Thus, the bundle of motors has to act well organized and controlled to get an optimized drive that is not oversized and costly. AU - Hemsel, Tobias AU - Mracek, Maik AU - Wallaschek, Jörg AU - Vasiljev, Piotr ID - 9519 IS - Vol.2 KW - drives KW - electromechanical effects KW - linear motors KW - ultrasonic motors KW - car sunroof KW - car window KW - electromechanical behavior KW - high power ultrasonic linear motors KW - multiple miniaturized motors KW - positioning tasks KW - translatory drive KW - Costs KW - Electromagnetic forces KW - Frequency KW - Laboratories KW - Manufacturing KW - Mechatronics KW - Micromotors KW - Ultrasonic imaging KW - Vibrations KW - Voltage SN - 1051-0117 T2 - Ultrasonics Symposium, 2004 IEEE TI - A novel approach for high power ultrasonic linear motors VL - 2 ER -