---
_id: '63838'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Industrial electrification is increasing to reduce fossil fuel dependence,
    alongside a growing share of volatile renewables.\r\nA secure and reliable energy
    supply is crucial for industry, leading to a shift from centralised to decentralised
    grid structures.\r\nDC microgrids becoming increasingly popular in industry, since
    they enable energy recuperation from braking, reduce components and cables, and
    integrate storage and local generation to manage supply interruptions or peak
    loads.\r\nEVs add further synergies by serving as mobile storage units, helping
    to store and redistribute locally generated renewable energy.\r\nThis paper analyses
    how EV integration in droop-controlled DC grids can contribute to a more stable,
    low-emission and peak-reduced load profile to the supply grid through load shifting
    and bridge interruptions.\r\nA droop-controlled DC grid model has been developed,
    incorporating an EV charging park based on probability functions.\r\nScalable
    scenarios allow for diverse condition analysis using an energy management system
    that utilises fuzzy logic and sequential MILP optimisation.\r\nIt has been shown
    that a 7% improvement of coefficient represented grid-serving behaviour is possible
    by load shifting.\r\nIt has also been demonstrated that an optimised EMS can reduce
    the demand-based CO2 emissions by 41kg for a representative day compared to a
    fuzzy logic EMS.\r\nAt the same time peak load is decreased yielding a more constant
    residual load.\r\nThese results highlight the potential of a controlled bidirectional
    charging infrastructure in DC grids and underscore the need to explicitly consider
    charging processes to ensure a residual load as constant as possible."
article_number: '100227'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Henning Christoph
  full_name: Rahlf, Henning Christoph
  id: '56955'
  last_name: Rahlf
  orcid: 0009-0006-8106-2132
- first_name: Lukas
  full_name: Knorr, Lukas
  id: '90391'
  last_name: Knorr
  orcid: 0009-0005-4727-7511
- first_name: Simon
  full_name: Althoff, Simon
  last_name: Althoff
- first_name: Henning
  full_name: Meschede, Henning
  id: '86954'
  last_name: Meschede
  orcid: 0000-0002-1538-089X
citation:
  ama: Rahlf HC, Knorr L, Althoff S, Meschede H. Analysis of bidirectional EV charging
    infrastructures within industrial DC grids. <i>Smart Energy</i>. Published online
    2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227">10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227</a>
  apa: Rahlf, H. C., Knorr, L., Althoff, S., &#38; Meschede, H. (2026). Analysis of
    bidirectional EV charging infrastructures within industrial DC grids. <i>Smart
    Energy</i>, Article 100227. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Rahlf_Knorr_Althoff_Meschede_2026, title={Analysis of bidirectional
    EV charging infrastructures within industrial DC grids}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227">10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227</a>},
    number={100227}, journal={Smart Energy}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Rahlf,
    Henning Christoph and Knorr, Lukas and Althoff, Simon and Meschede, Henning},
    year={2026} }'
  chicago: Rahlf, Henning Christoph, Lukas Knorr, Simon Althoff, and Henning Meschede.
    “Analysis of Bidirectional EV Charging Infrastructures within Industrial DC Grids.”
    <i>Smart Energy</i>, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227</a>.
  ieee: 'H. C. Rahlf, L. Knorr, S. Althoff, and H. Meschede, “Analysis of bidirectional
    EV charging infrastructures within industrial DC grids,” <i>Smart Energy</i>,
    Art. no. 100227, 2026, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227">10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227</a>.'
  mla: Rahlf, Henning Christoph, et al. “Analysis of Bidirectional EV Charging Infrastructures
    within Industrial DC Grids.” <i>Smart Energy</i>, 100227, Elsevier BV, 2026, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227">10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227</a>.
  short: H.C. Rahlf, L. Knorr, S. Althoff, H. Meschede, Smart Energy (2026).
date_created: 2026-02-02T14:45:17Z
date_updated: 2026-02-03T12:58:44Z
department:
- _id: '644'
doi: 10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227
keyword:
- DC-grid
- Droop control
- Grid-serving behaviour
- Grid stability
- Bidirectional charging
- Sequential decision
- MILP optimisation
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Smart Energy
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2666-9552
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Analysis of bidirectional EV charging infrastructures within industrial DC
  grids
type: journal_article
user_id: '56955'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '59888'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Everyday explanations are interactive processes with the aim to provide a
    less knowledgeable person with reasonable information about other people, objects,
    or events. Because explanations are interactive communicative processes, the topical
    structure of an explanation may vary dynamically depending on the immediate feedback
    of the explainee. In this paper, we analyse topical transitions in medical explanations
    organised by different physicians (explainers) related to different forms of multimodal
    behaviour of caregivers (explainees) attending an explanation about the procedures
    of\r\nan upcoming surgery of a child. The analyses reveal that explainees’ multimodal
    behaviour with gaze shifts (and particularly gaze aversion) can predict a transition
    from an elaborated topic to a new one, whereas explainees’ forms of multimodal
    behaviour with static gaze cannot be related to changes of the topical structure."
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Stefan Teodorov
  full_name: Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov
  id: '90345'
  last_name: Lazarov
  orcid: 0009-0009-0892-9483
- first_name: Kai
  full_name: Biermeier, Kai
  id: '55908'
  last_name: Biermeier
  orcid: 0000-0002-2879-2359
- first_name: Angela
  full_name: Grimminger, Angela
  id: '57578'
  last_name: Grimminger
citation:
  ama: Lazarov ST, Biermeier K, Grimminger A. Changes in the topical structure of
    explanations are related to explainees’ multimodal behaviour. <i>Interaction Studies</i>.
    2024;25(3):257-280. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1075/is.23033.laz">10.1075/is.23033.laz</a>
  apa: Lazarov, S. T., Biermeier, K., &#38; Grimminger, A. (2024). Changes in the
    topical structure of explanations are related to explainees’ multimodal behaviour.
    <i>Interaction Studies</i>, <i>25</i>(3), 257–280. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1075/is.23033.laz">https://doi.org/10.1075/is.23033.laz</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Lazarov_Biermeier_Grimminger_2024, title={Changes in the topical
    structure of explanations are related to explainees’ multimodal behaviour}, volume={25},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1075/is.23033.laz">10.1075/is.23033.laz</a>},
    number={3}, journal={Interaction Studies}, publisher={John Benjamins}, author={Lazarov,
    Stefan Teodorov and Biermeier, Kai and Grimminger, Angela}, year={2024}, pages={257–280}
    }'
  chicago: 'Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov, Kai Biermeier, and Angela Grimminger. “Changes
    in the Topical Structure of Explanations Are Related to Explainees’ Multimodal
    Behaviour.” <i>Interaction Studies</i> 25, no. 3 (2024): 257–80. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1075/is.23033.laz">https://doi.org/10.1075/is.23033.laz</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. T. Lazarov, K. Biermeier, and A. Grimminger, “Changes in the topical structure
    of explanations are related to explainees’ multimodal behaviour,” <i>Interaction
    Studies</i>, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 257–280, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1075/is.23033.laz">10.1075/is.23033.laz</a>.'
  mla: Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov, et al. “Changes in the Topical Structure of Explanations
    Are Related to Explainees’ Multimodal Behaviour.” <i>Interaction Studies</i>,
    vol. 25, no. 3, John Benjamins, 2024, pp. 257–80, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1075/is.23033.laz">10.1075/is.23033.laz</a>.
  short: S.T. Lazarov, K. Biermeier, A. Grimminger, Interaction Studies 25 (2024)
    257–280.
date_created: 2025-05-14T06:25:13Z
date_updated: 2025-06-27T13:57:36Z
doi: 10.1075/is.23033.laz
intvolume: '        25'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- explanations
- multimodal behaviour
- elaborations
- conditional probabilities
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/is.23033.laz#metrics_content
oa: '1'
page: 257 - 280
project:
- _id: '112'
  grant_number: '438445824'
  name: 'TRR 318 - A02: TRR 318 - Verstehensprozess einer Erklärung beobachten und
    auswerten (Teilprojekt A02)'
publication: Interaction Studies
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1572-0381
publication_status: published
publisher: John Benjamins
status: public
title: Changes in the topical structure of explanations are related to explainees’
  multimodal behaviour
type: journal_article
user_id: '90345'
volume: 25
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '36083'
author:
- first_name: Ioanna
  full_name: Constantiou, Ioanna
  last_name: Constantiou
- first_name: Alivelu
  full_name: Mukkamala, Alivelu
  last_name: Mukkamala
- first_name: Mimmi
  full_name: Sjöklint, Mimmi
  last_name: Sjöklint
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Trier, Matthias
  id: '72744'
  last_name: Trier
citation:
  ama: 'Constantiou I, Mukkamala A, Sjöklint M, Trier M. Engaging with self-tracking
    applications: how do users respond to their performance data? <i>European Journal
    of Information Systems</i>. Published online 2022:1-21. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085x.2022.2081096">10.1080/0960085x.2022.2081096</a>'
  apa: 'Constantiou, I., Mukkamala, A., Sjöklint, M., &#38; Trier, M. (2022). Engaging
    with self-tracking applications: how do users respond to their performance data?
    <i>European Journal of Information Systems</i>, 1–21. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085x.2022.2081096">https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085x.2022.2081096</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Constantiou_Mukkamala_Sjöklint_Trier_2022, title={Engaging with
    self-tracking applications: how do users respond to their performance data?},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085x.2022.2081096">10.1080/0960085x.2022.2081096</a>},
    journal={European Journal of Information Systems}, publisher={Informa UK Limited},
    author={Constantiou, Ioanna and Mukkamala, Alivelu and Sjöklint, Mimmi and Trier,
    Matthias}, year={2022}, pages={1–21} }'
  chicago: 'Constantiou, Ioanna, Alivelu Mukkamala, Mimmi Sjöklint, and Matthias Trier.
    “Engaging with Self-Tracking Applications: How Do Users Respond to Their Performance
    Data?” <i>European Journal of Information Systems</i>, 2022, 1–21. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085x.2022.2081096">https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085x.2022.2081096</a>.'
  ieee: 'I. Constantiou, A. Mukkamala, M. Sjöklint, and M. Trier, “Engaging with self-tracking
    applications: how do users respond to their performance data?,” <i>European Journal
    of Information Systems</i>, pp. 1–21, 2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085x.2022.2081096">10.1080/0960085x.2022.2081096</a>.'
  mla: 'Constantiou, Ioanna, et al. “Engaging with Self-Tracking Applications: How
    Do Users Respond to Their Performance Data?” <i>European Journal of Information
    Systems</i>, Informa UK Limited, 2022, pp. 1–21, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085x.2022.2081096">10.1080/0960085x.2022.2081096</a>.'
  short: I. Constantiou, A. Mukkamala, M. Sjöklint, M. Trier, European Journal of
    Information Systems (2022) 1–21.
date_created: 2023-01-11T12:13:54Z
date_updated: 2023-01-29T23:05:59Z
department:
- _id: '195'
doi: 10.1080/0960085x.2022.2081096
keyword:
- Library and Information Sciences
- Information Systems
- Self-Tracking
- User Behaviour
- Discontinuance
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1-21
publication: European Journal of Information Systems
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0960-085X
  - 1476-9344
publication_status: published
publisher: Informa UK Limited
status: public
title: 'Engaging with self-tracking applications: how do users respond to their performance
  data?'
type: journal_article
user_id: '14931'
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '25476'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This study deals with the damage behavior of metallic materials by the application
    of different manufacturing processes and using different optical measurement methods
    to identify the crack initiation in the damage specimen. The study is intended
    to highlight the importance of considering manufacturing processes and optical
    measurement methods in a numerical simulation when analyzing the damage behavior
    of metallic materials. To describe the damage behavior of the material in the
    process chain simulations, it is important to calibrate the parameters of damage
    model more accurately. These parameters are determined using experimental investigation
    of desired damage specimens. In this regard, a selected damage specimen manufactured
    by different cutting processes is first experimentally and then numerically investigated.
    It is shown that the manufacturing process and the optical measurement methods
    influence the stress state analyzed in the numerical simulation.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Mortaza
  full_name: Otroshi, Mortaza
  id: '71269'
  last_name: Otroshi
  orcid: 0000-0002-8652-9209
- first_name: Gerson
  full_name: Meschut, Gerson
  id: '32056'
  last_name: Meschut
  orcid: 0000-0002-2763-1246
- first_name: Aathavan
  full_name: Nesakumar, Aathavan
  last_name: Nesakumar
citation:
  ama: Otroshi M, Meschut G, Nesakumar A. The influence of manufacturing processes
    and optical measurement methods on the damage behavior of HX340LAD micro-alloyed
    steels. <i>Journal of Manufacturing Engineering</i>. 2021;16(3):70-76. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.37255/jme.v16i3pp070-076">https://doi.org/10.37255/jme.v16i3pp070-076</a>
  apa: Otroshi, M., Meschut, G., &#38; Nesakumar, A. (2021). The influence of manufacturing
    processes and optical measurement methods on the damage behavior of HX340LAD micro-alloyed
    steels. <i>Journal of Manufacturing Engineering</i>, <i>16</i>(3), 70–76. <a href="https://doi.org/10.37255/jme.v16i3pp070-076">https://doi.org/10.37255/jme.v16i3pp070-076</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Otroshi_Meschut_Nesakumar_2021, title={The influence of manufacturing
    processes and optical measurement methods on the damage behavior of HX340LAD micro-alloyed
    steels}, volume={16}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.37255/jme.v16i3pp070-076">https://doi.org/10.37255/jme.v16i3pp070-076</a>},
    number={3}, journal={Journal of Manufacturing Engineering}, author={Otroshi, Mortaza
    and Meschut, Gerson and Nesakumar, Aathavan}, year={2021}, pages={70–76} }'
  chicago: 'Otroshi, Mortaza, Gerson Meschut, and Aathavan Nesakumar. “The Influence
    of Manufacturing Processes and Optical Measurement Methods on the Damage Behavior
    of HX340LAD Micro-Alloyed Steels.” <i>Journal of Manufacturing Engineering</i>
    16, no. 3 (2021): 70–76. <a href="https://doi.org/10.37255/jme.v16i3pp070-076">https://doi.org/10.37255/jme.v16i3pp070-076</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Otroshi, G. Meschut, and A. Nesakumar, “The influence of manufacturing
    processes and optical measurement methods on the damage behavior of HX340LAD micro-alloyed
    steels,” <i>Journal of Manufacturing Engineering</i>, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 70–76,
    2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.37255/jme.v16i3pp070-076">https://doi.org/10.37255/jme.v16i3pp070-076</a>.'
  mla: Otroshi, Mortaza, et al. “The Influence of Manufacturing Processes and Optical
    Measurement Methods on the Damage Behavior of HX340LAD Micro-Alloyed Steels.”
    <i>Journal of Manufacturing Engineering</i>, vol. 16, no. 3, 2021, pp. 70–76,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.37255/jme.v16i3pp070-076">https://doi.org/10.37255/jme.v16i3pp070-076</a>.
  short: M. Otroshi, G. Meschut, A. Nesakumar, Journal of Manufacturing Engineering
    16 (2021) 70–76.
date_created: 2021-10-05T09:11:47Z
date_updated: 2022-04-25T07:48:07Z
department:
- _id: '157'
doi: https://doi.org/10.37255/jme.v16i3pp070-076
intvolume: '        16'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Damage behaviour
- Stress triaxiality
- Manufacturing process and Optical measurement
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://smenec.org/index.php/1/article/view/187
oa: '1'
page: 70-76
publication: Journal of Manufacturing Engineering
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The influence of manufacturing processes and optical measurement methods on
  the damage behavior of HX340LAD micro-alloyed steels
type: journal_article
user_id: '71269'
volume: 16
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '22930'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Self-piercing riveting is an established technique for joining multi-material
    structures in car body manufacturing. Rivets for self-piercing riveting differ
    in their geometry, the material used, the condition of the material and their
    surface condition. To shorten the manufacturing process by omitting the heat treatment
    and the coating process, the authors have elaborated a concept for the use of
    stainless steel with high strain hardening as a rivet material. The focus of the
    present investigation is on the evaluation of the influences of the rivet’s geometry
    and material on its deformation behaviour. Conventional rivets of types P and
    HD2, a rivet with an improved geometry made of treatable steel 38B2, and rivets
    made of the stainless steels 1.3815 and 1.4541 are examined. The analysis is conducted
    by means of multi-step joining tests for two material combinations comprising
    high-strength steel HCT70X and aluminium EN AW-5083. The joints are cut to provide
    a cross-section and the deformation behaviour of the different rivets is analysed
    on the basis of the measured changes in geometry and hardness. In parallel, an
    examination of the force-stroke curves provides further insights. It can be demonstrated
    that, besides the geometry, the material strength, in particular, has a significant
    influence on the deformation behaviour of the rivet. The strength of steel 1.4541
    is seen to be too low for the joining task, while the strength of steel 1.3815
    is sufficient, and hence the investigation confirms the capability of rivets made
    of 1.3815 for joining even challenging material combinations.
author:
- first_name: Benedikt
  full_name: Uhe, Benedikt
  id: '38131'
  last_name: Uhe
- first_name: Clara-Maria
  full_name: Kuball, Clara-Maria
  last_name: Kuball
- first_name: Marion
  full_name: Merklein, Marion
  last_name: Merklein
- first_name: Gerson
  full_name: Meschut, Gerson
  id: '32056'
  last_name: Meschut
  orcid: 0000-0002-2763-1246
citation:
  ama: 'Uhe B, Kuball C-M, Merklein M, Meschut G. Self-Piercing Riveting Using Rivets
    Made of Stainless Steel with High Strain Hardening. In: Daehn G, Cao J, Kinsey
    B, Tekkaya E, Vivek A, Yoshida Y, eds. <i>Forming the Future - Proceedings of
    the 13th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity. The Minerals,
    Metals &#38; Materials Series.</i> Springer; 2021:1495-1506. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124">10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124</a>'
  apa: Uhe, B., Kuball, C.-M., Merklein, M., &#38; Meschut, G. (2021). Self-Piercing
    Riveting Using Rivets Made of Stainless Steel with High Strain Hardening. In G.
    Daehn, J. Cao, B. Kinsey, E. Tekkaya, A. Vivek, &#38; Y. Yoshida (Eds.), <i>Forming
    the Future - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Technology
    of Plasticity. The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series.</i> (pp. 1495–1506).
    Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124</a>
  bibtex: '@inbook{Uhe_Kuball_Merklein_Meschut_2021, place={Cham}, title={Self-Piercing
    Riveting Using Rivets Made of Stainless Steel with High Strain Hardening}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124">10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124</a>},
    booktitle={Forming the Future - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference
    on the Technology of Plasticity. The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series.},
    publisher={Springer}, author={Uhe, Benedikt and Kuball, Clara-Maria and Merklein,
    Marion and Meschut, Gerson}, editor={Daehn, Glenn and Cao, Jian and Kinsey, Brad
    and Tekkaya, Erman and Vivek, Anupam and Yoshida, Yoshinori}, year={2021}, pages={1495–1506}
    }'
  chicago: 'Uhe, Benedikt, Clara-Maria Kuball, Marion Merklein, and Gerson Meschut.
    “Self-Piercing Riveting Using Rivets Made of Stainless Steel with High Strain
    Hardening.” In <i>Forming the Future - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference
    on the Technology of Plasticity. The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series.</i>,
    edited by Glenn Daehn, Jian Cao, Brad Kinsey, Erman Tekkaya, Anupam Vivek, and
    Yoshinori Yoshida, 1495–1506. Cham: Springer, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124</a>.'
  ieee: 'B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, and G. Meschut, “Self-Piercing Riveting
    Using Rivets Made of Stainless Steel with High Strain Hardening,” in <i>Forming
    the Future - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Technology
    of Plasticity. The Minerals, Metals &#38; Materials Series.</i>, G. Daehn, J.
    Cao, B. Kinsey, E. Tekkaya, A. Vivek, and Y. Yoshida, Eds. Cham: Springer, 2021,
    pp. 1495–1506.'
  mla: Uhe, Benedikt, et al. “Self-Piercing Riveting Using Rivets Made of Stainless
    Steel with High Strain Hardening.” <i>Forming the Future - Proceedings of the
    13th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity. The Minerals, Metals
    &#38; Materials Series.</i>, edited by Glenn Daehn et al., Springer, 2021, pp.
    1495–506, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124">10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124</a>.
  short: 'B. Uhe, C.-M. Kuball, M. Merklein, G. Meschut, in: G. Daehn, J. Cao, B.
    Kinsey, E. Tekkaya, A. Vivek, Y. Yoshida (Eds.), Forming the Future - Proceedings
    of the 13th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity. The Minerals,
    Metals &#38; Materials Series., Springer, Cham, 2021, pp. 1495–1506.'
date_created: 2021-08-04T14:02:32Z
date_updated: 2026-02-27T10:40:39Z
department:
- _id: '157'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_124
editor:
- first_name: Glenn
  full_name: Daehn, Glenn
  last_name: Daehn
- first_name: Jian
  full_name: Cao, Jian
  last_name: Cao
- first_name: Brad
  full_name: Kinsey, Brad
  last_name: Kinsey
- first_name: Erman
  full_name: Tekkaya, Erman
  last_name: Tekkaya
- first_name: Anupam
  full_name: Vivek, Anupam
  last_name: Vivek
- first_name: Yoshinori
  full_name: Yoshida, Yoshinori
  last_name: Yoshida
keyword:
- Self-piercing riveting
- Lightweight design
- Deformation behaviour
- Stainless steel
- High nitrogen steel
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1495-1506
place: Cham
publication: Forming the Future - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference
  on the Technology of Plasticity. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series.
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Self-Piercing Riveting Using Rivets Made of Stainless Steel with High Strain
  Hardening
type: book_chapter
user_id: '53912'
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '21542'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Using near-field (NF) scan data to predict the far-field (FF) behaviour of
    radiating electronic systems represents a novel method to accompany the whole
    RF design process. This approach involves so-called Huygens' box as an efficient
    radiation model inside an electromagnetic (EM) simulation tool and then transforms
    the scanned NF measured data into the FF. For this, the basic idea of the Huygens'box
    principle and the NF-to-FF transformation are briefly presented. The NF is measured
    on the Huygens' box around a device under test using anNF scanner, recording the
    magnitude and phase of the site-related magnetic and electric components. A comparison
    between a fullwave simulation and the measurement results shows a good similarity
    in both the NF and the simulated and transformed FF.Thus, this method is applicable
    to predict the FF behaviour of any electronic system by measuring the NF. With
    this knowledge, the RF design can be improved due to allowing a significant reduction
    of EM compatibility failure at the end of the development flow. In addition, the
    very efficient FF radiation model can be used for detailed investigations in various
    environments and the impact of such an equivalent radiation source on other electronic
    systems can be assessed.
author:
- first_name: Dominik
  full_name: Schröder, Dominik
  last_name: Schröder
- first_name: Sven
  full_name: Lange, Sven
  id: '38240'
  last_name: Lange
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Hangmann, Christian
  last_name: Hangmann
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Hedayat, Christian
  last_name: Hedayat
citation:
  ama: 'Schröder D, Lange S, Hangmann C, Hedayat C. Far-field prediction combining
    simulations with near-field measurements for EMI assessment of PCBs. In: <i>Tensorial
    Analysis of Networks (TAN) Modelling for PCB Signal Integrity and EMC Analysis</i>.
    1st ed. Croyton, UK:  The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET); 2020:315-346
    (32). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1049/pbcs072e_ch14">10.1049/pbcs072e_ch14</a>'
  apa: 'Schröder, D., Lange, S., Hangmann, C., &#38; Hedayat, C. (2020). Far-field
    prediction combining simulations with near-field measurements for EMI assessment
    of PCBs. In <i>Tensorial Analysis of Networks (TAN) Modelling for PCB Signal Integrity
    and EMC Analysis</i> (1st ed., pp. 315-346 (32)). Croyton, UK:  The Institution
    of Engineering and Technology (IET). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1049/pbcs072e_ch14">https://doi.org/10.1049/pbcs072e_ch14</a>'
  bibtex: '@inbook{Schröder_Lange_Hangmann_Hedayat_2020, place={Croyton, UK}, edition={1},
    title={Far-field prediction combining simulations with near-field measurements
    for EMI assessment of PCBs}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1049/pbcs072e_ch14">10.1049/pbcs072e_ch14</a>},
    booktitle={Tensorial Analysis of Networks (TAN) Modelling for PCB Signal Integrity
    and EMC Analysis}, publisher={ The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)},
    author={Schröder, Dominik and Lange, Sven and Hangmann, Christian and Hedayat,
    Christian}, year={2020}, pages={315-346 (32)} }'
  chicago: 'Schröder, Dominik, Sven Lange, Christian Hangmann, and Christian Hedayat.
    “Far-Field Prediction Combining Simulations with near-Field Measurements for EMI
    Assessment of PCBs.” In <i>Tensorial Analysis of Networks (TAN) Modelling for
    PCB Signal Integrity and EMC Analysis</i>, 1st ed., 315-346 (32). Croyton, UK:  The
    Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1049/pbcs072e_ch14">https://doi.org/10.1049/pbcs072e_ch14</a>.'
  ieee: 'D. Schröder, S. Lange, C. Hangmann, and C. Hedayat, “Far-field prediction
    combining simulations with near-field measurements for EMI assessment of PCBs,”
    in <i>Tensorial Analysis of Networks (TAN) Modelling for PCB Signal Integrity
    and EMC Analysis</i>, 1st ed., Croyton, UK:  The Institution of Engineering and
    Technology (IET), 2020, pp. 315-346 (32).'
  mla: Schröder, Dominik, et al. “Far-Field Prediction Combining Simulations with
    near-Field Measurements for EMI Assessment of PCBs.” <i>Tensorial Analysis of
    Networks (TAN) Modelling for PCB Signal Integrity and EMC Analysis</i>, 1st ed.,  The
    Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), 2020, pp. 315-346 (32), doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1049/pbcs072e_ch14">10.1049/pbcs072e_ch14</a>.
  short: 'D. Schröder, S. Lange, C. Hangmann, C. Hedayat, in: Tensorial Analysis
    of Networks (TAN) Modelling for PCB Signal Integrity and EMC Analysis, 1st ed.,  The
    Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), Croyton, UK, 2020, pp. 315-346
    (32).'
date_created: 2021-03-18T13:49:49Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:55:03Z
department:
- _id: '485'
doi: 10.1049/pbcs072e_ch14
edition: '1'
keyword:
- Huygens' box
- NF-to-FF transformation
- efficient FF radiation model
- FF behaviour
- EMI assessment
- PCB
- near-field measurements
- efficient radiation model
- far-field behaviour
- RF design process
- far-field prediction
- Huygens'box principle
- fullwave simulation
- electronic system radiation
- equivalent radiation source
- electromagnetic simulation tool
- near-field scan data
- EM compatibility failure reduction
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/books/10.1049/pbcs072e_ch14
page: 315-346 (32)
place: Croyton, UK
project:
- _id: '52'
  name: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing
publication: Tensorial Analysis of Networks (TAN) Modelling for PCB Signal Integrity
  and EMC Analysis
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781839530494'
  - '9781839530500'
publication_status: published
publisher: ' The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '21542'
    relation: other
    status: public
status: public
title: Far-field prediction combining simulations with near-field measurements for
  EMI assessment of PCBs
type: book_chapter
user_id: '38240'
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '61025'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The concept of social dominance has been used in a plethora of studies to
    assess animal behaviour and relationships between individuals for nearly a century.
    Nevertheless, a standard approach does not yet exist to assess dominance in species
    that have a nonlinear or weakly linear hierarchical structure. We amassed 316
    published data sets and show that 73.7% of the data sets and 90.3% of 103 species
    that we reviewed do not have a strongly linear structure. Herein, we present a
    novel method, ADAGIO, for assessing the structure of dominance networks. ADAGIO
    computes dominance hierarchies, in the form of directed acyclic graphs, to represent
    the dominance relations of a given group of animals. Thus far, most methods for
    computing dominance ranks assume implicitly that the dominance relation is a total
    order of the individuals in a group. ADAGIO does not assume or require this to
    be always true, and is hence more appropriate for analysing dominance hierarchies
    that are not strongly linear. We evaluated our approach against other frequently
    used methods, I&SI, David's score and Elo-rating, on 12 000 simulated data sets
    and on 279 interaction matrices from published, empirical data. The results from
    the simulated data show that ADAGIO achieves a significantly smaller error, and
    hence performs better when assigning ranks than other methods. Additionally, ADAGIO
    generated accurate dominance hierarchies for empirical data sets with a high index
    of linearity. Hence, our findings suggest that ADAGIO is currently the most reliable
    method to assess social dominance in gregarious animals living in groups of any
    size. Furthermore, since ADAGIO was designed to be generic, its applicability
    has the potential to extend beyond dominance data. The source code of our algorithm
    and all simulations used for this paper are publicly available at http://ngonga.github.io/adagio/.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Pamela Heidi
  full_name: Douglas, Pamela Heidi
  id: '72311'
  last_name: Douglas
- first_name: Axel-Cyrille
  full_name: Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille
  id: '65716'
  last_name: Ngonga Ngomo
- first_name: Gottfried
  full_name: Hohmann, Gottfried
  last_name: Hohmann
citation:
  ama: Douglas PH, Ngonga Ngomo A-C, Hohmann G. A novel approach for dominance assessment
    in gregarious species: ADAGIO. <i>Animal Behaviour</i>. 2016;123:21-32. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.014">10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.014</a>
  apa: Douglas, P. H., Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C., &#38; Hohmann, G. (2016). A novel approach
    for dominance assessment in gregarious species: ADAGIO. <i>Animal Behaviour</i>,
    <i>123</i>, 21–32. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.014">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.014</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Douglas_Ngonga Ngomo_Hohmann_2016, title={A novel approach for
    dominance assessment in gregarious species: ADAGIO}, volume={123}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.014">10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.014</a>},
    journal={Animal Behaviour}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Douglas, Pamela Heidi
    and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille and Hohmann, Gottfried}, year={2016}, pages={21–32}
    }'
  chicago: 'Douglas, Pamela Heidi, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo, and Gottfried Hohmann.
    “A Novel Approach for Dominance Assessment in Gregarious Species: ADAGIO.” <i>Animal
    Behaviour</i> 123 (2016): 21–32. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.014">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.014</a>.'
  ieee: 'P. H. Douglas, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, and G. Hohmann, “A novel approach for
    dominance assessment in gregarious species: ADAGIO,” <i>Animal Behaviour</i>,
    vol. 123, pp. 21–32, 2016, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.014">10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.014</a>.'
  mla: Douglas, Pamela Heidi, et al. “A Novel Approach for Dominance Assessment in
    Gregarious Species: ADAGIO.” <i>Animal Behaviour</i>, vol. 123, Elsevier BV, 2016,
    pp. 21–32, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.014">10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.014</a>.
  short: P.H. Douglas, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, G. Hohmann, Animal Behaviour 123 (2016)
    21–32.
date_created: 2025-08-26T19:24:18Z
date_updated: 2025-08-26T19:57:38Z
department:
- _id: '40'
doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.014
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       123'
keyword:
- aggression
- behaviour
- comparability
- directed acyclic graph
- hierarchy
- linearity
- nonlinearity
- social rank
- totality
language:
- iso: eng
page: 21-32
publication: Animal Behaviour
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0003-3472
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: A novel approach for dominance assessment in gregarious species: ADAGIO
type: journal_article
user_id: '72311'
volume: 123
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '61027'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Parturition is one of the most important yet least observed events in studies
    of primate life history and reproduction. Here, I report the first documented
    observation of a bonobo (Pan paniscus) birth event in the wild, at the Luikotale
    Bonobo Project field site, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The nulliparous mother’s
    behaviour before, during and after parturition is described, along with reactions
    of other community members to the birth and the neonate. Data were collected through
    focal-animal observations, and the events postpartum were photo-documented. The
    behaviour and spatial distribution of party members were recorded using scan samples.
    Parturition occurred during the late morning in a social context, with parous
    females in close proximity to the parturient mother. Placentophagia occurred immediately
    after delivery, and the parturient shared the placenta with two of the attending
    females. I compare this observation with reports of parturition in captive bonobos,
    and highlight the observed female sociality and social support during the birth
    event. Plausible adaptive advantages of parturition occurring in a social context
    are discussed, and accrued observations of birth events in wild and free-ranging
    primates suggest that females may give birth within proximity of others more frequently
    than previously thought. This account contributes rare empirical data for examining
    the interface between female sociality and parturition, and the evolution of parturitional
    behaviours in primates.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Pamela Heidi
  full_name: Douglas, Pamela Heidi
  id: '72311'
  last_name: Douglas
citation:
  ama: Douglas PH. Female sociality during the daytime birth of a wild bonobo at Luikotale,
    Democratic Republic of the Congo. <i>Primates</i>. 2014;55(4):533-542. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-014-0436-0">10.1007/s10329-014-0436-0</a>
  apa: Douglas, P. H. (2014). Female sociality during the daytime birth of a wild
    bonobo at Luikotale, Democratic Republic of the Congo. <i>Primates</i>, <i>55</i>(4),
    533–542. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-014-0436-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-014-0436-0</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Douglas_2014, title={Female sociality during the daytime birth
    of a wild bonobo at Luikotale, Democratic Republic of the Congo}, volume={55},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-014-0436-0">10.1007/s10329-014-0436-0</a>},
    number={4}, journal={Primates}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media
    LLC}, author={Douglas, Pamela Heidi}, year={2014}, pages={533–542} }'
  chicago: 'Douglas, Pamela Heidi. “Female Sociality during the Daytime Birth of a
    Wild Bonobo at Luikotale, Democratic Republic of the Congo.” <i>Primates</i> 55,
    no. 4 (2014): 533–42. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-014-0436-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-014-0436-0</a>.'
  ieee: 'P. H. Douglas, “Female sociality during the daytime birth of a wild bonobo
    at Luikotale, Democratic Republic of the Congo,” <i>Primates</i>, vol. 55, no.
    4, pp. 533–542, 2014, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-014-0436-0">10.1007/s10329-014-0436-0</a>.'
  mla: Douglas, Pamela Heidi. “Female Sociality during the Daytime Birth of a Wild
    Bonobo at Luikotale, Democratic Republic of the Congo.” <i>Primates</i>, vol.
    55, no. 4, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2014, pp. 533–42, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-014-0436-0">10.1007/s10329-014-0436-0</a>.
  short: P.H. Douglas, Primates 55 (2014) 533–542.
date_created: 2025-08-26T19:35:29Z
date_updated: 2025-08-26T19:53:09Z
department:
- _id: '40'
doi: 10.1007/s10329-014-0436-0
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        55'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- Birth
- Pan paniscus
- Parturition
- Perinatal behaviour
- Placentophagia
- Female sociality
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://rdcu.be/eCzPP
page: 533-542
publication: Primates
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0032-8332
  - 1610-7365
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: Female sociality during the daytime birth of a wild bonobo at Luikotale, Democratic
  Republic of the Congo
type: journal_article
user_id: '72311'
volume: 55
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '4481'
abstract:
- lang: ger
  text: 'Die vorliegende Untersuchung an der Universität St. Gallen soll Erkenntnisse
    über die Verläufe der Einstellungsveränderungen der Studierenden geben (vgl. Brahm
    & Jenert, 2012). Basierend auf der Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens (Ajzen & Fishbein,
    1980) werden drei Forschungsfragen adressiert: (1) Gibt es typische Pfade der
    Einstellungsentwicklung? (2) Wie wird das normative Verhalten von Mitstudierenden
    und anderen Personen wahrgenommen? (3) Welche Erfahrungen beeinflussen die Entwicklung?
    Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurde über das erste Studienjahr hinweg eine Interviewserie
    mit 13 Studierenden durchgeführt. Die Datenanalyse mithilfe grafischer Case Histories
    zeigt, dass die Einstellungen der Probanden über die Zeit differenzierter werden.
    Zudem gibt es Widersprüche zwischen den Einstellungen und dem wahrgenommenen normativen
    Verhalten. Dabei ist die Einstellungsentwicklung von konkreten Ereignissen geprägt
    und kann damit durch strukturelle Interventionen beeinflusst werden.'
author:
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Jenert, Tobias
  id: '71994'
  last_name: Jenert
  orcid: ' https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9262-5646'
- first_name: Taiga
  full_name: Brahm, Taiga
  last_name: Brahm
citation:
  ama: 'Jenert T, Brahm T. Die Entwicklung studien-und hochschulbezogener Einstellungen
    an einer Wirtschaftsuniversität: eine qualitative Längsschnittstudie. In: Institut
    für Psychologie; 2013.'
  apa: 'Jenert, T., &#38; Brahm, T. (2013). Die Entwicklung studien-und hochschulbezogener
    Einstellungen an einer Wirtschaftsuniversität: eine qualitative Längsschnittstudie.
    Presented at the 14. Fachgruppentagung Pädagogische Psychologie der Deutschen
    Gesellschaft für Psychologie, Hildesheim: Institut für Psychologie.'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Jenert_Brahm_2013, title={Die Entwicklung studien-und hochschulbezogener
    Einstellungen an einer Wirtschaftsuniversität: eine qualitative Längsschnittstudie},
    publisher={Institut für Psychologie}, author={Jenert, Tobias and Brahm, Taiga},
    year={2013} }'
  chicago: 'Jenert, Tobias, and Taiga Brahm. “Die Entwicklung Studien-Und Hochschulbezogener
    Einstellungen an Einer Wirtschaftsuniversität: Eine Qualitative Längsschnittstudie.”
    Institut für Psychologie, 2013.'
  ieee: 'T. Jenert and T. Brahm, “Die Entwicklung studien-und hochschulbezogener Einstellungen
    an einer Wirtschaftsuniversität: eine qualitative Längsschnittstudie,” presented
    at the 14. Fachgruppentagung Pädagogische Psychologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft
    für Psychologie, Hildesheim, 2013.'
  mla: 'Jenert, Tobias, and Taiga Brahm. <i>Die Entwicklung Studien-Und Hochschulbezogener
    Einstellungen an Einer Wirtschaftsuniversität: Eine Qualitative Längsschnittstudie</i>.
    Institut für Psychologie, 2013.'
  short: 'T. Jenert, T. Brahm, in: Institut für Psychologie, 2013.'
conference:
  end_date: 2013-09-25
  location: Hildesheim
  name: 14. Fachgruppentagung Pädagogische Psychologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft
    für Psychologie
  start_date: 2013-09-23
date_created: 2018-09-19T08:29:59Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:01:06Z
department:
- _id: '208'
- _id: '282'
extern: '1'
keyword:
- student attitudes
- theory of planned behaviour
- Einstellungsentwicklung
- student motivation
publisher: Institut für Psychologie
status: public
title: 'Die Entwicklung studien-und hochschulbezogener Einstellungen an einer Wirtschaftsuniversität:
  eine qualitative Längsschnittstudie'
type: conference
user_id: '51057'
year: '2013'
...
---
_id: '13324'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The new technological enhancements and the accessibility to varieties of
    online applications, enable users to collect personal data and perform self-evaluation
    through test, comparison and experimentation. The sparked interest in numbers
    and numbers as self-representative visualisations is prominent in social networking
    sites, which are the empirical setting for the present study. This paper sets
    out to establish a multi-theoretical framework which enables the investigation
    of emerging phenomena of the role of numbers in social networking sites. The proposed
    framework rests on three theoretical pillars: self-determination theory, heuristic
    decision making and behavioural economics. A discussion departs from these convictions
    to investigate user reactions and behaviour when faced with numerical representations
    in the SNS.'
author:
- first_name: Mimmi
  full_name: Sjöklint, Mimmi
  last_name: Sjöklint
- first_name: Ioanna
  full_name: Constantiou, Ioanna
  last_name: Constantiou
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Trier, Matthias
  id: '72744'
  last_name: Trier
citation:
  ama: 'Sjöklint M, Constantiou I, Trier M. Numerical Representations and User Behaviour
    in Social Networking Sites: Towards a Multi- Theoretical Research Framework. In:
    <i>ECIS 2013 Proceedings</i>. Association for Information Systems. AIS Electronic
    Library (AISeL); 2013.'
  apa: 'Sjöklint, M., Constantiou, I., &#38; Trier, M. (2013). Numerical Representations
    and User Behaviour in Social Networking Sites: Towards a Multi- Theoretical Research
    Framework. In <i>ECIS 2013 Proceedings</i>. Association for Information Systems.
    AIS Electronic Library (AISeL).'
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Sjöklint_Constantiou_Trier_2013, title={Numerical Representations
    and User Behaviour in Social Networking Sites: Towards a Multi- Theoretical Research
    Framework}, booktitle={ECIS 2013 Proceedings}, publisher={Association for Information
    Systems. AIS Electronic Library (AISeL)}, author={Sjöklint, Mimmi and Constantiou,
    Ioanna and Trier, Matthias}, year={2013} }'
  chicago: 'Sjöklint, Mimmi, Ioanna Constantiou, and Matthias Trier. “Numerical Representations
    and User Behaviour in Social Networking Sites: Towards a Multi- Theoretical Research
    Framework.” In <i>ECIS 2013 Proceedings</i>. Association for Information Systems.
    AIS Electronic Library (AISeL), 2013.'
  ieee: 'M. Sjöklint, I. Constantiou, and M. Trier, “Numerical Representations and
    User Behaviour in Social Networking Sites: Towards a Multi- Theoretical Research
    Framework,” in <i>ECIS 2013 Proceedings</i>, 2013.'
  mla: 'Sjöklint, Mimmi, et al. “Numerical Representations and User Behaviour in Social
    Networking Sites: Towards a Multi- Theoretical Research Framework.” <i>ECIS 2013
    Proceedings</i>, Association for Information Systems. AIS Electronic Library (AISeL),
    2013.'
  short: 'M. Sjöklint, I. Constantiou, M. Trier, in: ECIS 2013 Proceedings, Association
    for Information Systems. AIS Electronic Library (AISeL), 2013.'
date_created: 2019-09-19T12:14:55Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:51:33Z
department:
- _id: '198'
keyword:
- User Behaviour
- Social Networking Sites
- Numerical Representations
- Multi-Theoretical Framework
- Quantified Self
- Pointification
language:
- iso: eng
publication: ECIS 2013 Proceedings
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783834924421'
publisher: Association for Information Systems. AIS Electronic Library (AISeL)
status: public
title: 'Numerical Representations and User Behaviour in Social Networking Sites: Towards
  a Multi- Theoretical Research Framework'
type: conference
user_id: '62809'
year: '2013'
...
