@article{48580,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
               <jats:p>Sandwich packings represent new separation column internals, with a potential to intensify mass transfer. They comprise two conventional structured packings with different specific geometrical surface areas. In this work, the complex fluid dynamics in sandwich packings is modeled using a novel approach based on a one-dimensional, steady momentum balance of the liquid and gas phases. The interactions between the three present phases (gas, liquid, and solid) are considered by closures incorporated into the momentum balance. The formulation of these closures is derived from two fluid-dynamic analogies for the film and froth flow patterns. The adjustable parameters in the closures are regressed for the film flow using dry pressure drop measurements and liquid hold-up data in trickle flow conditions. For the froth flow, the tuning parameters are fitted to overall pressure drop measurements and local liquid hold-up data acquired from ultra-fast X-ray tomography (UFXCT). The model predicts liquid hold-up and pressure drop data with an average relative deviation of 16.4 % and 19 %, respectively. Compared to previous fluid dynamic models for sandwich packings, the number of adjustable parameters could be reduced while maintaining comparable accuracy.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Franke, Patrick and Shabanilemraski, Iman and Schubert, Markus and Hampel, Uwe and Kenig, Eugeny Y.}},
  issn         = {{1934-2659}},
  journal      = {{Chemical Product and Process Modeling}},
  keywords     = {{Modeling and Simulation, General Chemical Engineering}},
  publisher    = {{Walter de Gruyter GmbH}},
  title        = {{{A new approach to model the fluid dynamics in sandwich packings}}},
  doi          = {{10.1515/cppm-2023-0054}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{48614,
  author       = {{Pohle, Carina and Paschen, Linda and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{0966-6362}},
  journal      = {{Gait &amp; Posture}},
  keywords     = {{Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Biophysics}},
  pages        = {{72--82}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Alterations of postural control across the menstrual cycle – A systematic review}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.09.010}},
  volume       = {{107}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{45824,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>As cognitive function is critical for muscle coordination, cognitive training may also improve neuromuscular control strategy and knee function following an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this case-control study was to examine the effects of cognitive training on joint stiffness regulation in response to negative visual stimuli and knee function following ACLR. A total of 20 ACLR patients and 20 healthy controls received four weeks of online cognitive training. Executive function, joint stiffness in response to emotionally evocative visual stimuli (neutral, fearful, knee injury related), and knee function outcomes before and after the intervention were compared. Both groups improved executive function following the intervention (p = 0.005). The ACLR group had greater mid-range stiffness in response to fearful (p = 0.024) and injury-related pictures (p = 0.017) than neutral contents before the intervention, while no post-intervention stiffness differences were observed among picture types. The ACLR group showed better single-legged hop for distance after cognitive training (p = 0.047), while the healthy group demonstrated no improvement. Cognitive training enhanced executive function, which may reduce joint stiffness dysregulation in response to emotionally arousing images and improve knee function in ACLR patients, presumably by facilitating neural processing necessary for neuromuscular control.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{An, Yong Woo and Kim, Kyung-Min and DiTrani Lobacz, Andrea and Baumeister, Jochen and Higginson, Jill S. and Rosen, Jeffrey and Swanik, Charles Buz}},
  issn         = {{2227-9032}},
  journal      = {{Healthcare}},
  keywords     = {{Health Information Management, Health Informatics, Health Policy, Leadership and Management}},
  number       = {{13}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Cognitive Training Improves Joint Stiffness Regulation and Function in ACLR Patients Compared to Healthy Controls}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/healthcare11131875}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{53079,
  author       = {{Bierkandt, Thomas and Hemberger, Patrick and Oßwald, Patrick and Gaiser, Nina and Hoener, Martin and Krüger, Dominik and Kasper, Tina and Köhler, Markus}},
  issn         = {{1540-7489}},
  journal      = {{Proceedings of the Combustion Institute}},
  keywords     = {{Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, General Chemical Engineering}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{1699--1708}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{A combustion chemistry study of tetramethylethylene in a laminar premixed low-pressure hydrogen flame}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.205}},
  volume       = {{39}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{45859,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Sport-related concussions (SRC) are characterized by impaired autonomic control. Heart rate variability (HRV) offers easily obtainable diagnostic approaches to SRC-associated dysautonomia, but studies investigating HRV during sleep, a crucial time for post-traumatic cerebral regeneration, are relatively sparse. The aim of this study was to assess nocturnal HRV in athletes during their return to sports (RTS) after SRC in their home environment using wireless wrist sensors (E4, Empatica, Milan, Italy) and to explore possible relations with clinical concussion-associated sleep symptoms. Eighteen SRC athletes wore a wrist sensor obtaining photoplethysmographic data at night during RTS as well as one night after full clinical recovery post RTS (&gt;3 weeks). Nocturnal heart rate and parasympathetic activity of HRV (RMSSD) were calculated and compared using the Mann–Whitney U Test to values of eighteen; matched by sex, age, sport, and expertise, control athletes underwent the identical protocol. During RTS, nocturnal RMSSD of SRC athletes (Mdn = 77.74 ms) showed a trend compared to controls (Mdn = 95.68 ms, p = 0.021, r = −0.382, p adjusted using false discovery rate = 0.126) and positively correlated to “drowsiness” (r = 0.523, p = 0.023, p adjusted = 0.046). Post RTS, no differences in RMSSD between groups were detected. The presented findings in nocturnal cardiac parasympathetic activity during nights of RTS in SRC athletes might be a result of concussion, although its relation to recovery still needs to be elucidated. Utilization of wireless sensors and wearable technologies in home-based settings offer a possibility to obtain helpful objective data in the management of SRC.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Delling, Anne Carina and Jakobsmeyer, Rasmus and Coenen, Jessica and Christiansen, Nele and Reinsberger, Claus}},
  issn         = {{1424-8220}},
  journal      = {{Sensors}},
  keywords     = {{Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Biochemistry, Instrumentation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry}},
  number       = {{9}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Home-Based Measurements of Nocturnal Cardiac Parasympathetic Activity in Athletes during Return to Sport after Sport-Related Concussion}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/s23094190}},
  volume       = {{23}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{46483,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The demands on joining technology are constantly increasing due to the consistent lightweight construction and the associated increasing material mix. To meet these requirements, the adaptability of the joining processes must be improved to be able to process different material combinations and to react to challenges caused by deviations in the process chain. One example of a highly adaptable process due to the two-step process sequence is thermomechanical joining with Friction Spun Joint Connectors (FSJCs) that can be individually adapted to the joint. In this paper, the potentials of the adaption in the two-stage joining process with aluminium auxiliary joining elements are investigated. To this end, it is first investigated whether a thermomechanical forming process can be used to achieve a uniform and controlled manufacturing regarding the process variable of the temperature as well as the geometry of the FSJC. Based on the successful proof of the high and good repeatability in the FSJC manufacturing, possibilities, and potentials for the targeted influencing of the process and FSJC geometry are shown, based on an extensive variation of the process input variables (delivery condition and thus mechanical properties of the raw parts as well as the process parameters of rotational speed and feed rate). Here it can be shown that above all, the feed rate of the final forming process has the strongest influence on the process and thus also offers the strongest possibilities for influencing it.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Borgert, Thomas and Henke, Maximilian and Homberg, Werner}},
  issn         = {{2504-4494}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing}},
  keywords     = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Investigations on the Influences of the Thermomechanical Manufacturing of Aluminium Auxiliary Joining Elements}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/jmmp7040147}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{47535,
  abstract     = {{Consistent lightweight construction in the area of vehicle manufacturing requires the increased use of multi-material combinations. This, in turn, requires an adaptation of standard joining techniques. In multi-material combinations, the importance of integral cast components, in particular, is increasing and poses additional technical challenges for the industry. One approach to solve these challenges is adaptable joining elements manufactured by a thermomechanical forming process. By applying an incremental and thermomechanical joining process, it is possible to react immediately and adapt the joining process inline to reduce the number of different joining elements. In the investigation described in this publication, cast plates made of the cast aluminium alloy EN AC-AlSi9 serve as joining partners, which are processed by sand casting. The joining process of hypoeutectic AlSi alloys is challenging as their brittle character leads to cracks in the joint during conventional mechanical joining. To solve this, the frictional heat of the novel joining process applied can provide a finer microstructure in the hypoeutectic AlSi9 cast alloy. In detail, its Si is finer-grained, resulting in higher ductility of the joint. This study reveals the thermomechanical joining suitability of a hypoeutectic cast aluminium alloy in combination with adaptively manufactured auxiliary joining elements.}},
  author       = {{Borgert, Thomas and Neuser, Moritz and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Homberg, Werner and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{2504-4494}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing}},
  keywords     = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials}},
  number       = {{5}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Thermomechanical Joining of Hypoeutectic Aluminium Cast Plates}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/jmmp7050169}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{52405,
  abstract     = {{Multi-material designs (MMD) are more frequently used in the automotive industry. Hereby, the combination of different materials, metal sheets, or cast components, is mechanically joined, often by forming joining processes. The cast components mostly used are high-strength, age-hardenable aluminium alloys of the Al–Si system. Here, the low ductility of the AlSi alloys constitutes a challenge because their brittle nature causes cracks during the joining process. However, by using suitable solidification conditions, it is possible to achieve a microstructure with improved mechanical and joining properties. For this study, we used the twin-roll casting process (TRC) with water-cooled rollers to manufacture the hypoeutectic AlSi10Mg for the first time. Hereby, high solidification rates are realisable, which introduces a microstructure that is about four times finer than in the sand casting process. In particular, it is shown that a fine microstructure close to the modification with Na or Sr is achieved by the high solidification rate in the TRC process without using these elements. Based on this, the mechanical properties increase, and especially the ductility is enhanced. Subsequent joining investigations validate the positive influence of a high solidification rate since cracks in joints can be avoided. Finally, a microstructure-property-joint suitability correlation is presented.}},
  author       = {{Neuser, Moritz and Schaper, Mirko and Grydin, Olexandr}},
  issn         = {{2504-4494}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing}},
  keywords     = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Mechanical and Microstructure Characterisation of the Hypoeutectic Cast Aluminium Alloy AlSi10Mg Manufactured by the Twin-Roll Casting Process}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/jmmp7040132}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{29716,
  author       = {{Widhalm, Alex and Golla, Christian and Weber, Nils and Mackwitz, Peter and Zrenner, Artur and Meier, Cedrik}},
  issn         = {{1094-4087}},
  journal      = {{Optics Express}},
  keywords     = {{Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{The Optical Society}},
  title        = {{{Electric-field-induced second harmonic generation in silicon dioxide}}},
  doi          = {{10.1364/oe.443489}},
  volume       = {{30}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{29843,
  author       = {{Castenow, Jannik and Kling, Peter and Knollmann, Till and Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm}},
  issn         = {{0890-5401}},
  journal      = {{Information and Computation}},
  keywords     = {{Computational Theory and Mathematics, Computer Science Applications, Information Systems, Theoretical Computer Science}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{A Discrete and Continuous Study of the Max-Chain-Formation Problem}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.ic.2022.104877}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30209,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>DNA origami technology enables the folding of DNA strands into complex nanoscale shapes whose properties and interactions with molecular species often deviate significantly from that of genomic DNA. Here, we investigate the salting-out of different DNA origami shapes by the kosmotropic salt ammonium sulfate that is routinely employed in protein precipitation. We find that centrifugation in the presence of 3 M ammonium sulfate results in notable precipitation of DNA origami nanostructures but not of double-stranded genomic DNA. The precipitated DNA origami nanostructures can be resuspended in ammonium sulfate-free buffer without apparent formation of aggregates or loss of structural integrity. Even though quasi-1D six-helix bundle DNA origami are slightly less susceptible toward salting-out than more compact DNA origami triangles and 24-helix bundles, precipitation and recovery yields appear to be mostly independent of DNA origami shape and superstructure. Exploiting the specificity of ammonium sulfate salting-out for DNA origami nanostructures, we further apply this method to separate DNA origami triangles from genomic DNA fragments in a complex mixture. Our results thus demonstrate the possibility of concentrating and purifying DNA origami nanostructures by ammonium sulfate-induced salting-out.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Hanke, Marcel and Hansen, Niklas and Chen, Ruiping and Grundmeier, Guido and Fahmy, Karim and Keller, Adrian}},
  issn         = {{1422-0067}},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Molecular Sciences}},
  keywords     = {{Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Computer Science Applications, Spectroscopy, Molecular Biology, General Medicine, Catalysis}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{2817}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Salting-Out of DNA Origami Nanostructures by Ammonium Sulfate}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/ijms23052817}},
  volume       = {{23}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@book{30291,
  abstract     = {{The volume comprises a variety of research approaches that seek to explore and understand employees’ learning and development through and for work. Working life reveals challenges through technological, economic and societal development that can only rudimentarily be addressed by formal education and training. Workplace learning becomes more and more important for employees and enterprises to successfully cope with these challenges.
Workplace learning is a steadily growing field of educational research but it lacks so far a scholastic canon – there is rather a diversity of research approaches. This volume reflects this diversity by bringing together researchers from different countries and different theoretical backgrounds, presenting their current research on topics that all are relevant for understanding presages, processes and outcomes of workplace learning. Hence, this volume is of relevance for researchers as well as practitioners in the field and policy makers.}},
  editor       = {{Harteis, Christian and Gijbels, David and Kyndt, Eva}},
  isbn         = {{9783030895815}},
  issn         = {{2210-5549}},
  keywords     = {{new generation of researchersthe team level of workplace learningindividual level of workplace learningorganizational level of workplace learningsocietal level of workplace learninginterdependent cross-level research approachesWork AgencyWork-life perspectivesTeam learningTeam climateSocial influences on team learningKnowledge construction in teamsLearning cultureAcknowledgement of competencesTechnology and professional learningCreation of a learning eco-systemDiversity as a challenge for organisationsHigher education as preparation for WPLSocial support in networks and professional learningvocational and professional education}},
  publisher    = {{Springer International Publishing}},
  title        = {{{Research Approaches on Workplace Learning}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-030-89582-2}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30195,
  abstract     = {{While plasmonic particles can provide optical resonances in a wide spectral range from the lower visible up to the near-infrared, often, symmetry effects are utilized to obtain particular optical responses. By breaking certain spatial symmetries, chiral structures arise and provide robust chiroptical responses to these plasmonic resonances. Here, we observe strong chiroptical responses in the linear and nonlinear optical regime for chiral L-handed helicoid-III nanoparticles and quantify them by means of an asymmetric factor, the so-called g-factor. We calculate the linear optical g-factors for two distinct chiroptical resonances to −0.12 and –0.43 and the nonlinear optical g-factors to −1.45 and −1.63. The results demonstrate that the chirality of the helicoid-III nanoparticles is strongly enhanced in the nonlinear regime.}},
  author       = {{Spreyer, Florian and Mun, Jungho and Kim, Hyeohn and Kim, Ryeong Myeong and Nam, Ki Tae and Rho, Junsuk and Zentgraf, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{2330-4022}},
  journal      = {{ACS Photonics}},
  keywords     = {{Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Biotechnology, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{784–792}},
  publisher    = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  title        = {{{Second Harmonic Optical Circular Dichroism of Plasmonic Chiral Helicoid-III Nanoparticles}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00882}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30385,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Tailored nanoscale quantum light sources, matching the specific needs of use cases, are crucial building blocks for photonic quantum technologies. Several different approaches to realize solid-state quantum emitters with high performance have been pursued and different concepts for energy tuning have been established. However, the properties of the emitted photons are always defined by the individual quantum emitter and can therefore not be controlled with full flexibility. Here we introduce an all-optical nonlinear method to tailor and control the single photon emission. We demonstrate a laser-controlled down-conversion process from an excited state of a semiconductor quantum three-level system. Based on this concept, we realize energy tuning and polarization control of the single photon emission with a control-laser field. Our results mark an important step towards tailored single photon emission from a photonic quantum system based on quantum optical principles.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Jonas, B. and Heinze, D. and Schöll, E. and Kallert, P. and Langer, T. and Krehs, S. and Widhalm, A. and Jöns, K. D. and Reuter, D. and Schumacher, S. and Zrenner, Artur}},
  issn         = {{2041-1723}},
  journal      = {{Nature Communications}},
  keywords     = {{General Physics and Astronomy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Chemistry}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Nonlinear down-conversion in a single quantum dot}}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41467-022-28993-3}},
  volume       = {{13}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30341,
  author       = {{Hoyer, Britta and van Straaten, Dirk}},
  issn         = {{2214-8043}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics}},
  keywords     = {{General Social Sciences, Economics and Econometrics, Applied Psychology}},
  pages        = {{101869}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Anonymity and Self-Expression in Online Rating Systems - An Experimental Analysis}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.socec.2022.101869}},
  volume       = {{98}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30861,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>We consider the problem of maximization of metabolite production in bacterial cells formulated as a dynamical optimal control problem (DOCP). According to Pontryagin’s maximum principle, optimal solutions are concatenations of singular and bang arcs and exhibit the chattering or <jats:italic>Fuller</jats:italic> phenomenon, which is problematic for applications. To avoid chattering, we introduce a reduced model which is still biologically relevant and retains the important structural features of the original problem. Using a combination of analytical and numerical methods, we show that the singular arc is dominant in the studied DOCPs and exhibits the <jats:italic>turnpike</jats:italic> property. This property is further used in order to design simple and realistic suboptimal control strategies.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Caillau, Jean-Baptiste and Djema, Walid and Gouzé, Jean-Luc and Maslovskaya, Sofya and Pomet, Jean-Baptiste}},
  issn         = {{0022-3239}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications}},
  keywords     = {{Applied Mathematics, Management Science and Operations Research, Control and Optimization}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Turnpike Property in Optimal Microbial Metabolite Production}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s10957-022-02023-0}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30880,
  author       = {{Kobecki, Michal and Scherbakov, Alexey V. and Kukhtaruk, Serhii M. and Yaremkevich, Dmytro D. and Henksmeier, Tobias and Trapp, Alexander and Reuter, Dirk and Gusev, Vitalyi E. and Akimov, Andrey V. and Bayer, Manfred}},
  issn         = {{0031-9007}},
  journal      = {{Physical Review Letters}},
  keywords     = {{General Physics and Astronomy}},
  number       = {{15}},
  publisher    = {{American Physical Society (APS)}},
  title        = {{{Giant Photoelasticity of Polaritons for Detection of Coherent Phonons in a Superlattice with Quantum Sensitivity}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/physrevlett.128.157401}},
  volume       = {{128}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30894,
  author       = {{Tuzgel, Firat and Akbulut Irmak, Emine Fulya and Guzel, Erkan and Yucesoy, Atacan and Sahin, Selim and Tasdemirci, Alper and Guden, Mustafa}},
  issn         = {{0263-8231}},
  journal      = {{Thin-Walled Structures}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Building and Construction, Civil and Structural Engineering}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Testing and modeling blast loading of a sandwich structure cored with a bio-inspired (balanus) core}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.tws.2022.109185}},
  volume       = {{175}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30910,
  author       = {{Ma, Lin and Pollard, Travis P. and Zhang, Yong and Schroeder, Marshall A. and Ren, Xiaoming and Han, Kee Sung and Ding, Michael S. and Cresce, Arthur V. and Atwater, Terrill B. and Mars, Julian and Cao, Longsheng and Steinrück, Hans-Georg and Mueller, Karl T. and Toney, Michael F. and Hourwitz, Matt and Fourkas, John T. and Maginn, Edward J. and Wang, Chunsheng and Borodin, Oleg and Xu, Kang}},
  issn         = {{2590-3322}},
  journal      = {{One Earth}},
  keywords     = {{Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), General Environmental Science}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{413--421}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Ammonium enables reversible aqueous Zn battery chemistries by tailoring the interphase}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.oneear.2022.03.012}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{30913,
  abstract     = {{Context: The implementation of successful measures to support immigrants' integration in cultural, social, and economic life can be considered as one of today's greatest challenges for many societies. This is especially true for adolescent immigrants who have not yet been able to finish education or gain qualifications relevant to joining the labour market. That is why many receiving countries have developed and implemented special programmes that aim at supporting immigrants' integration by facilitating their employability. Unfortunately, not much is known about the process of implementing these programmes or about how education systems, schools, and teachers are dealing with the new situation and target group. In this contribution, the implementation, development, and challenges of German Vocational Integration Classes (VIC), as an example of comparable programmes in the EU, are investigated to address this research gap. The paper considers the following exploratory research questions: (a) What challenges have been experienced by teachers and social workers in the implementation of VIC as well as in the integration of immigrants into the labour market in recent years? (b) How can these challenges be met in the long run and how should VIC be developed to better achieve its aims? 

Methods: To answer these questions, a sequential qualitative study containing questionnaire and interview elements was conducted. First, teachers and social workers involved in VIC filled in a questionnaire about their experiences and experienced challenges in implementing VIC (N = 46). Then, supplementing interviews were conducted with participants from the first sample in order to generate further insights and to contextualise the findings from the first study part (N = 14). 

Findings: From the respondents' answers, it appears that the VIC programme is well implemented. The results show, however, that central challenges continue to exist. This concerns, for example, legal regulations or the development of adequate curricula, but also the scope and quality of language education. In addition, problems have also been identified with regard to students' culture-specific education and their individual attitudes. These prevailing problems seem to affect schooling and educational processes. In addition, respondents report feeling left alone to deal with problems and that their experiences from their daily work in VIC and with immigrants are not sufficiently taken into account in policy and school-related decisions. 

Conclusions: Although VIC seems well implemented, key challenges remain in the view of the participants. It was found that teachers cannot solve many of the identified problems themselves, as they require action at the level of policy or school organisation. For staff, this can be accompanied by increased stress and demotivation. For the young immigrants, the existing challenges can have a long-term impact on school success and transition to vocational education and training. The study thus highlights the importance of targeted and holistic strategies to support immigrant integration through education. }},
  author       = {{Goller, Michael}},
  journal      = {{International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training}},
  keywords     = {{Immigration, Educational Policy, Employability, Mixed Methods, VET, Vocational Education and Training, Transitions From Education and Training to Employment}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{92--119}},
  title        = {{{Supporting Young Immigrants in Their Transition From School to Work? A Staff Perspective on Challenges of Vocational Integration Classes}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.9.1.5}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}