[{"intvolume":"       470","article_type":"original","date_updated":"2026-02-25T07:45:44Z","publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Massopo, Orlando","last_name":"Massopo","first_name":"Orlando"},{"last_name":"Tischendorf","first_name":"Ricardo","full_name":"Tischendorf, Ricardo"},{"full_name":"Gonchikzhapov, Munko","last_name":"Gonchikzhapov","first_name":"Munko"},{"last_name":"Kasper","first_name":"Tina","full_name":"Kasper, Tina"},{"full_name":"Augustin, Peter","last_name":"Augustin","first_name":"Peter"},{"full_name":"Özer, Burak","first_name":"Burak","last_name":"Özer"},{"full_name":"Reddemann, Manuel","first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Reddemann"},{"full_name":"Kneer, Reinhold","last_name":"Kneer","first_name":"Reinhold"},{"full_name":"Sheikh, Mohammed-Ali","last_name":"Sheikh","first_name":"Mohammed-Ali"},{"last_name":"Mert","first_name":"Aydan Akyildiz","full_name":"Mert, Aydan Akyildiz"},{"full_name":"Wiggers, Hartmut","last_name":"Wiggers","first_name":"Hartmut"},{"last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Hans-Joachim","full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0032-5910"]},"title":"Influence of dispersion gas flow on the spray characteristics and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and properties in reference SpraySyn burners","year":"2025","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"article_number":"121992","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":" This study investigates the effect of dispersion gas (DG) flow on the formation and properties of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles using standardized SpraySyn burners (SS1 and SS2). Several diagnostics were employed to characterize the spray and nanoparticles. \r\nIncreasing DG flow (6 - 12 slm) results in smaller droplet sizes (DS), cooler flame temperatures, shorter high-temperature droplet/particle residence times, and smaller agglomerates in the size range of 5 - 12 nm with narrower primary particle size distribution, corresponding to higher mass fractal dimensions, as supported by TEM and SMPS analysis, resulting in more compact agglomerates. BET and TEM confirmed decreasing primary particle sizes with increasing DG flow. Raman and XRD analyses predominantly identified maghemite, which shows a bimodal distribution of crystallite sizes, while SS1 samples have a greater proportion of larger crystallites.\r\nThe self-preserving size distributions of agglomerates with a geometric standard deviation of 1.5 are reached faster with increasing DG flow. The barrier effect of DG observed in SS1 leads to slower droplet combustion kinetics, higher temperatures, and delayed precursor release, which, along with downstream flow recirculation, result in significantly higher agglomeration rates outside the visible flame. SS2 demonstrates improved atomization, more stable flames, and finer, uniform nanoparticles with less carbonaceous residues (CR). Conversely, SS1 showed broader DS distributions and higher CR levels on the γ-Fe2O3 surface, especially at higher DG flow.\r\nThis work highlights the essential role of DG flow and nozzle geometry in controlling droplet evaporation, flame stability, and nanoparticle growth, offering insights for optimizing SFS and validating numerical models.\r\n"}],"publication":"Powder Technology","type":"journal_article","keyword":["Spray flame synthesis","iron oxide nanoparticle","SpraySyn burner","Dispersion gas","Coaxial atomization","HiaT-SMPS"],"date_created":"2026-02-02T11:41:04Z","status":"public","volume":470,"user_id":"98419","_id":"63830","publisher":"Elsevier BV","citation":{"mla":"Massopo, Orlando, et al. “Influence of Dispersion Gas Flow on the Spray Characteristics and γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Formation and Properties in Reference SpraySyn Burners.” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 470, 121992, Elsevier BV, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992\">10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>.","ama":"Massopo O, Tischendorf R, Gonchikzhapov M, et al. Influence of dispersion gas flow on the spray characteristics and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and properties in reference SpraySyn burners. <i>Powder Technology</i>. 2025;470. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992\">10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>","bibtex":"@article{Massopo_Tischendorf_Gonchikzhapov_Kasper_Augustin_Özer_Reddemann_Kneer_Sheikh_Mert_et al._2025, title={Influence of dispersion gas flow on the spray characteristics and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and properties in reference SpraySyn burners}, volume={470}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992\">10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>}, number={121992}, journal={Powder Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Massopo, Orlando and Tischendorf, Ricardo and Gonchikzhapov, Munko and Kasper, Tina and Augustin, Peter and Özer, Burak and Reddemann, Manuel and Kneer, Reinhold and Sheikh, Mohammed-Ali and Mert, Aydan Akyildiz and et al.}, year={2025} }","apa":"Massopo, O., Tischendorf, R., Gonchikzhapov, M., Kasper, T., Augustin, P., Özer, B., Reddemann, M., Kneer, R., Sheikh, M.-A., Mert, A. A., Wiggers, H., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2025). Influence of dispersion gas flow on the spray characteristics and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and properties in reference SpraySyn burners. <i>Powder Technology</i>, <i>470</i>, Article 121992. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>","ieee":"O. Massopo <i>et al.</i>, “Influence of dispersion gas flow on the spray characteristics and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and properties in reference SpraySyn burners,” <i>Powder Technology</i>, vol. 470, Art. no. 121992, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992\">10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>.","short":"O. Massopo, R. Tischendorf, M. Gonchikzhapov, T. Kasper, P. Augustin, B. Özer, M. Reddemann, R. Kneer, M.-A. Sheikh, A.A. Mert, H. Wiggers, H.-J. Schmid, Powder Technology 470 (2025).","chicago":"Massopo, Orlando, Ricardo Tischendorf, Munko Gonchikzhapov, Tina Kasper, Peter Augustin, Burak Özer, Manuel Reddemann, et al. “Influence of Dispersion Gas Flow on the Spray Characteristics and γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Formation and Properties in Reference SpraySyn Burners.” <i>Powder Technology</i> 470 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121992</a>."},"oa":"1"},{"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ama":"Josch S, Jesinghausen S, Dechert C, Schmid H-J. Experimental and simulative determination and correction of the effective gap extension in structured coaxial measuring systems. <i>Rheologica Acta</i>. Published online 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-023-01383-2\">10.1007/s00397-023-01383-2</a>","bibtex":"@article{Josch_Jesinghausen_Dechert_Schmid_2023, title={Experimental and simulative determination and correction of the effective gap extension in structured coaxial measuring systems}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-023-01383-2\">10.1007/s00397-023-01383-2</a>}, journal={Rheologica Acta}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Josch, Sebastian and Jesinghausen, Steffen and Dechert, Christopher and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2023} }","mla":"Josch, Sebastian, et al. “Experimental and Simulative Determination and Correction of the Effective Gap Extension in Structured Coaxial Measuring Systems.” <i>Rheologica Acta</i>, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-023-01383-2\">10.1007/s00397-023-01383-2</a>.","short":"S. Josch, S. Jesinghausen, C. Dechert, H.-J. Schmid, Rheologica Acta (2023).","chicago":"Josch, Sebastian, Steffen Jesinghausen, Christopher Dechert, and Hans-Joachim Schmid. “Experimental and Simulative Determination and Correction of the Effective Gap Extension in Structured Coaxial Measuring Systems.” <i>Rheologica Acta</i>, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-023-01383-2\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-023-01383-2</a>.","apa":"Josch, S., Jesinghausen, S., Dechert, C., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2023). Experimental and simulative determination and correction of the effective gap extension in structured coaxial measuring systems. <i>Rheologica Acta</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-023-01383-2\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-023-01383-2</a>","ieee":"S. Josch, S. Jesinghausen, C. Dechert, and H.-J. Schmid, “Experimental and simulative determination and correction of the effective gap extension in structured coaxial measuring systems,” <i>Rheologica Acta</i>, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-023-01383-2\">10.1007/s00397-023-01383-2</a>."},"oa":"1","status":"public","user_id":"3959","_id":"36983","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The use of structured measuring systems to prevent wall slip is a common approach to obtain absolute rheological values. Typically, only the minimum distance between the measuring surfaces is used for further calculation, implying that no flow occurs between the structural elements. But this assumption is misleading, and a gap correction is necessary. To determine the radius correction <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\Delta r$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                <mml:mrow>\r\n                  <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi>\r\n                  <mml:mi>r</mml:mi>\r\n                </mml:mrow>\r\n              </mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula> for specific geometries, we conducted investigations on three Newtonian fluids (two silicon oils and one suspension considered to be Newtonian in the relevant shear rate range). The results show that <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\Delta r$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                <mml:mrow>\r\n                  <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi>\r\n                  <mml:mi>r</mml:mi>\r\n                </mml:mrow>\r\n              </mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula> is not only shear- and material-independent, but geometry-dependent, providing a Newtonian flow behaviour in a similar viscosity range. Therefore, a correction value can be determined with only minute deviations in different Newtonian fluids. As the conducted laboratory measurements are very time-consuming and expensive, a CFD-approach with only very small deviations was additionally developed and compared for validation purposes. Therefore, simulation is an effective and resource-efficient alternative to the presented laboratory measurements to determine <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\Delta r$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                <mml:mrow>\r\n                  <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi>\r\n                  <mml:mi>r</mml:mi>\r\n                </mml:mrow>\r\n              </mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula> for the correction of structured coaxial geometries even for non-Newtonian fluids in the future.</jats:p>"}],"publication":"Rheologica Acta","type":"journal_article","keyword":["rheology","rheometry","suspension","coaxial","correction"],"department":[{"_id":"150"}],"date_created":"2023-01-17T08:04:24Z","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2023-03-14T07:41:28Z","article_type":"original","title":"Experimental and simulative determination and correction of the effective gap extension in structured coaxial measuring systems","year":"2023","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-4511","1435-1528"]},"author":[{"id":"38243","first_name":"Sebastian","last_name":"Josch","full_name":"Josch, Sebastian"},{"full_name":"Jesinghausen, Steffen","last_name":"Jesinghausen","first_name":"Steffen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-5298","id":"3959"},{"id":"69828","first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Dechert","full_name":"Dechert, Christopher"},{"full_name":"Schmid, Hans-Joachim","orcid":"000-0001-8590-1921","first_name":"Hans-Joachim","last_name":"Schmid","id":"464"}],"doi":"10.1007/s00397-023-01383-2","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00397-023-01383-2"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]}]