---
_id: '64182'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Overcoming the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction at the anode
is a key challenge for the production of hydrogen via electrolysis. This reaction
operates at very positive potentials, where the electrocatalyst is exposed to
highly oxidative conditions and prone to potential-dependent transformation of
the near-surface region. While substantial evidence for such surface restructuring
exists, its extent and relevance for the catalyst’s activity are unclear. We address
this topic for the case of Co3O4, one of the best-known electrocatalysts exhibiting
surface restructuring, by studies of epitaxial (111)-ordered electrodeposited
films with combined operando X-ray surface diffraction and absorption spectroscopy,
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements on rotating
disk electrodes. Comparison of the as-prepared and annealed state of the same
samples, which both are stable even under long-term oxygen evolution conditions,
provides clear insight into the role of surface defects. Our results show that
defect-free annealed Co3O4(111) surfaces are structurally stable over a wide potential
range and hydroxylate via adsorption at surface oxygen and Co sites. Potential-induced
surface restructuring of the Co3O4 lattice occurs only in the presence of surface
defects, leading to the formation of the well-known nanometer-thick oxyhydroxide
skin layer. The presence of this skin layer promotes oxygen evolution at low overpotentials
but results in higher Tafel slopes. As a result, highly ordered Co3O4(111) surfaces
are more active at high current densities than defective Co3O4 surfaces that undergo
surface restructuring. These results highlight that strategies for catalyst surface
defect engineering need to be application-oriented.
article_number: acscatal.5c08785
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Carl Hendric
full_name: Scharf, Carl Hendric
last_name: Scharf
- first_name: Alex
full_name: Chandraraj, Alex
last_name: Chandraraj
- first_name: Konrad
full_name: Dyk, Konrad
last_name: Dyk
- first_name: Felix
full_name: Stebner, Felix
last_name: Stebner
- first_name: Sören
full_name: Lepin, Sören
last_name: Lepin
- first_name: Jing
full_name: Tian, Jing
last_name: Tian
- first_name: Laila
full_name: El Bergmi Byaz, Laila
last_name: El Bergmi Byaz
- first_name: Jochim
full_name: Stettner, Jochim
last_name: Stettner
- first_name: Christian
full_name: Leppin, Christian
id: '117722'
last_name: Leppin
- first_name: Anastasiia
full_name: Kotova, Anastasiia
last_name: Kotova
- first_name: Sebastian
full_name: Reinke, Sebastian
id: '117727'
last_name: Reinke
- first_name: Julia
full_name: Linnemann, Julia
id: '116779'
last_name: Linnemann
orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424
- first_name: Fouad
full_name: Maroun, Fouad
last_name: Maroun
- first_name: Olaf M.
full_name: Magnussen, Olaf M.
last_name: Magnussen
citation:
ama: Scharf CH, Chandraraj A, Dyk K, et al. Role of Defects in Reversible Surface
Restructuring and Activity of Co3O4 Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts.
ACS Catalysis. Published online 2026. doi:10.1021/acscatal.5c08785
apa: Scharf, C. H., Chandraraj, A., Dyk, K., Stebner, F., Lepin, S., Tian, J., El
Bergmi Byaz, L., Stettner, J., Leppin, C., Kotova, A., Reinke, S., Linnemann,
J., Maroun, F., & Magnussen, O. M. (2026). Role of Defects in Reversible Surface
Restructuring and Activity of Co3O4 Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts.
ACS Catalysis, Article acscatal.5c08785. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c08785
bibtex: '@article{Scharf_Chandraraj_Dyk_Stebner_Lepin_Tian_El Bergmi Byaz_Stettner_Leppin_Kotova_et
al._2026, title={Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring and Activity
of Co3O4 Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts}, DOI={10.1021/acscatal.5c08785},
number={acscatal.5c08785}, journal={ACS Catalysis}, publisher={American Chemical
Society (ACS)}, author={Scharf, Carl Hendric and Chandraraj, Alex and Dyk, Konrad
and Stebner, Felix and Lepin, Sören and Tian, Jing and El Bergmi Byaz, Laila and
Stettner, Jochim and Leppin, Christian and Kotova, Anastasiia and et al.}, year={2026}
}'
chicago: Scharf, Carl Hendric, Alex Chandraraj, Konrad Dyk, Felix Stebner, Sören
Lepin, Jing Tian, Laila El Bergmi Byaz, et al. “Role of Defects in Reversible
Surface Restructuring and Activity of Co3O4 Oxygen Evolution
Electrocatalysts.” ACS Catalysis, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c08785.
ieee: 'C. H. Scharf et al., “Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring
and Activity of Co3O4 Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts,”
ACS Catalysis, Art. no. acscatal.5c08785, 2026, doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5c08785.'
mla: Scharf, Carl Hendric, et al. “Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring
and Activity of Co3O4 Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts.”
ACS Catalysis, acscatal.5c08785, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2026,
doi:10.1021/acscatal.5c08785.
short: C.H. Scharf, A. Chandraraj, K. Dyk, F. Stebner, S. Lepin, J. Tian, L. El
Bergmi Byaz, J. Stettner, C. Leppin, A. Kotova, S. Reinke, J. Linnemann, F. Maroun,
O.M. Magnussen, ACS Catalysis (2026).
date_created: 2026-02-16T14:22:15Z
date_updated: 2026-02-16T14:25:00Z
department:
- _id: '985'
doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5c08785
keyword:
- electrocatalysis
- oxygen evolution reaction
- cobalt spinel
- operando characterization
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscatal.5c08785
oa: '1'
publication: ACS Catalysis
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2155-5435
- 2155-5435
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring and Activity of Co3O4
Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts
type: journal_article
user_id: '116779'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '66488'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Alkaline oxygen evolution on Co3O4 involves more than adsorption and electron
transfer at a fixed surface. The article draws on operando electrochemical quartz
crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EQCM-D), surface X-ray diffraction
(SXRD), Raman, UV/Vis and impedance spectroscopy. On this basis, it discusses
pseudocapacitive oxidation of cobalt ion sites, electrolyte uptake and near-surface
transformation, and asks which of these changes are kinetically coupled to electrocatalysis.
article_type: review
author:
- first_name: Julia
full_name: Linnemann, Julia
id: '116779'
last_name: Linnemann
orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424
- first_name: Christian
full_name: Leppin, Christian
id: '117722'
last_name: Leppin
citation:
ama: Linnemann J, Leppin C. The catalyst that stores charge first. Bunsen-Magazin.
2026;(4):81-84. doi:10.26125/6G4P-8386
apa: Linnemann, J., & Leppin, C. (2026). The catalyst that stores charge first.
Bunsen-Magazin, 4, 81–84. https://doi.org/10.26125/6G4P-8386
bibtex: '@article{Linnemann_Leppin_2026, title={The catalyst that stores charge
first}, DOI={10.26125/6G4P-8386},
number={4}, journal={Bunsen-Magazin}, publisher={Deutsche Bunsen-Gesellschaft
für physikalische Chemie e.V.}, author={Linnemann, Julia and Leppin, Christian},
year={2026}, pages={81–84} }'
chicago: 'Linnemann, Julia, and Christian Leppin. “The Catalyst That Stores Charge
First.” Bunsen-Magazin, no. 4 (2026): 81–84. https://doi.org/10.26125/6G4P-8386.'
ieee: 'J. Linnemann and C. Leppin, “The catalyst that stores charge first,” Bunsen-Magazin,
no. 4, pp. 81–84, 2026, doi: 10.26125/6G4P-8386.'
mla: Linnemann, Julia, and Christian Leppin. “The Catalyst That Stores Charge First.”
Bunsen-Magazin, no. 4, Deutsche Bunsen-Gesellschaft für physikalische Chemie
e.V., 2026, pp. 81–84, doi:10.26125/6G4P-8386.
short: J. Linnemann, C. Leppin, Bunsen-Magazin (2026) 81–84.
conference:
end_date: 2026-04-01
location: Dresden
name: Bunsen Conference 2026
start_date: 2026-03-30
date_created: 2026-07-14T14:59:31Z
date_updated: 2026-07-14T15:02:05Z
department:
- _id: '985'
doi: 10.26125/6G4P-8386
issue: '4'
keyword:
- electrocatalysis
- oxygen evolution reaction
- cobalt spinel
- operando characterization
- spectroelectrochemistry
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://bunsen.de/bmo/the-catalyst-that-stores-charge-first
oa: '1'
page: 81-84
popular_science: '1'
publication: Bunsen-Magazin
publisher: Deutsche Bunsen-Gesellschaft für physikalische Chemie e.V.
status: public
title: The catalyst that stores charge first
type: journal_article
user_id: '116779'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '61982'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Doped Co3O4 nanoparticles are investigated via spectro-electrochemistry in
the (pre-) oxygen evolution reaction (OER) regime by tracing the absorption signal
of the Co3+ d–d transition under applied bias for getting insight into the catalysts
activation and the formation of catalytically active phases. In the low potential
regime up to 1.37 VRHE, a rise in the optical absorption signal of the [Co3+]oct
d–d transition is observed and attributed to a structural change from [Co2+]tet
to [Co3+]oct due to an electrochemically induced surface restructuring with water.
For applied potentials higher than 1.37 VRHE an overall offset of the absorption
spectra in the UV–vis range, equivalent to a darkening of the materials is detected.
This is attributed to the formation of a CoOx(OH)y skin layer as supported by
high-energy X-ray diffraction (HE-XRD) measurements. We found that the kinetics
of the Co3+ states are heavily influenced by the type of dopant with V-doped Co3O4
exhibiting stable Co3+ states (>20 min) while the Mn-doped Co3O4 Co3+ states reduce
within 36 s under reductive bias. We conclude that doping Co3O4 with transition
metals affects the formation and potential-dependent thickness of the CoOx(OH)y
skin layer as the catalytically active phase and the formation of long-time stable
surface Co3+ states after activation in the first OER cycle.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: L.
full_name: Kampermann, L.
last_name: Kampermann
- first_name: J.
full_name: Klein, J.
last_name: Klein
- first_name: T.
full_name: Wagner, T.
last_name: Wagner
- first_name: A.
full_name: Kotova, A.
last_name: Kotova
- first_name: C.
full_name: Placke-Yan, C.
last_name: Placke-Yan
- first_name: A.
full_name: Yasar, A.
last_name: Yasar
- first_name: L.
full_name: Jacobse, L.
last_name: Jacobse
- first_name: S.
full_name: Lasagna, S.
last_name: Lasagna
- first_name: Christian
full_name: Leppin, Christian
id: '117722'
last_name: Leppin
- first_name: S.
full_name: Schulz, S.
last_name: Schulz
- first_name: Julia
full_name: Linnemann, Julia
id: '116779'
last_name: Linnemann
orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424
- first_name: A.
full_name: Bergmann, A.
last_name: Bergmann
- first_name: B.
full_name: Roldan Cuenya, B.
last_name: Roldan Cuenya
- first_name: G.
full_name: Bacher, G.
last_name: Bacher
citation:
ama: Kampermann L, Klein J, Wagner T, et al. Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation
of Metal-Doped Co3O4 Nanoparticle Catalysts. ACS Catalysis.
2025;15(21):18391-18403. doi:10.1021/acscatal.5c03900
apa: Kampermann, L., Klein, J., Wagner, T., Kotova, A., Placke-Yan, C., Yasar, A.,
Jacobse, L., Lasagna, S., Leppin, C., Schulz, S., Linnemann, J., Bergmann, A.,
Roldan Cuenya, B., & Bacher, G. (2025). Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation
of Metal-Doped Co3O4 Nanoparticle Catalysts. ACS Catalysis,
15(21), 18391–18403. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c03900
bibtex: '@article{Kampermann_Klein_Wagner_Kotova_Placke-Yan_Yasar_Jacobse_Lasagna_Leppin_Schulz_et
al._2025, title={Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co3O4
Nanoparticle Catalysts}, volume={15}, DOI={10.1021/acscatal.5c03900},
number={21}, journal={ACS Catalysis}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)},
author={Kampermann, L. and Klein, J. and Wagner, T. and Kotova, A. and Placke-Yan,
C. and Yasar, A. and Jacobse, L. and Lasagna, S. and Leppin, Christian and Schulz,
S. and et al.}, year={2025}, pages={18391–18403} }'
chicago: 'Kampermann, L., J. Klein, T. Wagner, A. Kotova, C. Placke-Yan, A. Yasar,
L. Jacobse, et al. “Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped
Co3O4 Nanoparticle Catalysts.” ACS Catalysis 15,
no. 21 (2025): 18391–403. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c03900.'
ieee: 'L. Kampermann et al., “Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation
of Metal-Doped Co3O4 Nanoparticle Catalysts,” ACS Catalysis,
vol. 15, no. 21, pp. 18391–18403, 2025, doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5c03900.'
mla: Kampermann, L., et al. “Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped
Co3O4 Nanoparticle Catalysts.” ACS Catalysis, vol.
15, no. 21, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2025, pp. 18391–403, doi:10.1021/acscatal.5c03900.
short: L. Kampermann, J. Klein, T. Wagner, A. Kotova, C. Placke-Yan, A. Yasar, L.
Jacobse, S. Lasagna, C. Leppin, S. Schulz, J. Linnemann, A. Bergmann, B. Roldan
Cuenya, G. Bacher, ACS Catalysis 15 (2025) 18391–18403.
date_created: 2025-10-24T07:49:21Z
date_updated: 2025-12-07T17:15:53Z
department:
- _id: '985'
doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5c03900
intvolume: ' 15'
issue: '21'
keyword:
- electrocatalysis
- oxygen evolution reaction
- cobalt spinel
- operando characterization
- spectroelectrochemistry
language:
- iso: eng
page: 18391-18403
publication: ACS Catalysis
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2155-5435
- 2155-5435
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co3O4
Nanoparticle Catalysts
type: journal_article
user_id: '116779'
volume: 15
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '62810'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Cobalt iron containing layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and spinels are promising
catalysts for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Towards development
of better performing catalysts, the precise tuning of mesostructural features
such as pore size is desirable, but often hard to achieve. Herein, a computer‐controlled
microemulsion‐assisted co‐precipitation (MACP) method at constant pH is established
and compared to conventional co‐precipitation. With MACP, the particle growth
is limited and through variation of the constant pH during synthesis the pore
size of the as‐prepared catalysts is controlled, generating materials for the
systematic investigation of confinement effects during OER. At a threshold pore
size, overpotential increased significantly. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
(EIS) indicated a change in OER mechanism, involving the oxygen release step.
It is assumed that in smaller pores the critical radius for gas bubble formation
is not met and therefore a smaller charge‐transfer resistance is observed for
medium frequencies.
article_number: e202202015
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Anna
full_name: Rabe, Anna
last_name: Rabe
- first_name: Maximilian
full_name: Jaugstetter, Maximilian
last_name: Jaugstetter
- first_name: Felix
full_name: Hiege, Felix
last_name: Hiege
- first_name: Nicolas
full_name: Cosanne, Nicolas
last_name: Cosanne
- first_name: Klaus Friedel
full_name: Ortega, Klaus Friedel
last_name: Ortega
- first_name: Julia
full_name: Linnemann, Julia
id: '116779'
last_name: Linnemann
orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424
- first_name: Kristina
full_name: Tschulik, Kristina
last_name: Tschulik
- first_name: Malte
full_name: Behrens, Malte
last_name: Behrens
citation:
ama: Rabe A, Jaugstetter M, Hiege F, et al. Tailoring Pore Size and Catalytic Activity
in Cobalt Iron Layered Double Hydroxides and Spinels by Microemulsion‐Assisted
pH‐Controlled Co‐Precipitation. ChemSusChem. 2023;16(10). doi:10.1002/cssc.202202015
apa: Rabe, A., Jaugstetter, M., Hiege, F., Cosanne, N., Ortega, K. F., Linnemann,
J., Tschulik, K., & Behrens, M. (2023). Tailoring Pore Size and Catalytic
Activity in Cobalt Iron Layered Double Hydroxides and Spinels by Microemulsion‐Assisted
pH‐Controlled Co‐Precipitation. ChemSusChem, 16(10), Article e202202015.
https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202202015
bibtex: '@article{Rabe_Jaugstetter_Hiege_Cosanne_Ortega_Linnemann_Tschulik_Behrens_2023,
title={Tailoring Pore Size and Catalytic Activity in Cobalt Iron Layered Double
Hydroxides and Spinels by Microemulsion‐Assisted pH‐Controlled Co‐Precipitation},
volume={16}, DOI={10.1002/cssc.202202015},
number={10e202202015}, journal={ChemSusChem}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Rabe,
Anna and Jaugstetter, Maximilian and Hiege, Felix and Cosanne, Nicolas and Ortega,
Klaus Friedel and Linnemann, Julia and Tschulik, Kristina and Behrens, Malte},
year={2023} }'
chicago: Rabe, Anna, Maximilian Jaugstetter, Felix Hiege, Nicolas Cosanne, Klaus
Friedel Ortega, Julia Linnemann, Kristina Tschulik, and Malte Behrens. “Tailoring
Pore Size and Catalytic Activity in Cobalt Iron Layered Double Hydroxides and
Spinels by Microemulsion‐Assisted PH‐Controlled Co‐Precipitation.” ChemSusChem
16, no. 10 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202202015.
ieee: 'A. Rabe et al., “Tailoring Pore Size and Catalytic Activity in Cobalt
Iron Layered Double Hydroxides and Spinels by Microemulsion‐Assisted pH‐Controlled
Co‐Precipitation,” ChemSusChem, vol. 16, no. 10, Art. no. e202202015, 2023,
doi: 10.1002/cssc.202202015.'
mla: Rabe, Anna, et al. “Tailoring Pore Size and Catalytic Activity in Cobalt Iron
Layered Double Hydroxides and Spinels by Microemulsion‐Assisted PH‐Controlled
Co‐Precipitation.” ChemSusChem, vol. 16, no. 10, e202202015, Wiley, 2023,
doi:10.1002/cssc.202202015.
short: A. Rabe, M. Jaugstetter, F. Hiege, N. Cosanne, K.F. Ortega, J. Linnemann,
K. Tschulik, M. Behrens, ChemSusChem 16 (2023).
date_created: 2025-12-03T15:51:54Z
date_updated: 2025-12-03T16:28:26Z
department:
- _id: '985'
doi: 10.1002/cssc.202202015
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 16'
issue: '10'
keyword:
- electrocatalysis
- oxygen evolution reaction
- cobalt spinel
- cobalt hydroxide
- LDH
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
publication: ChemSusChem
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1864-5631
- 1864-564X
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Tailoring Pore Size and Catalytic Activity in Cobalt Iron Layered Double Hydroxides
and Spinels by Microemulsion‐Assisted pH‐Controlled Co‐Precipitation
type: journal_article
user_id: '116779'
volume: 16
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '62801'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The three-dimensional (3D) distribution of individual atoms on the surface
of catalyst nanoparticles plays a vital role in their activity and stability.
Optimising the performance of electrocatalysts requires atomic-scale information,
but it is difficult to obtain. Here, we use atom probe tomography to elucidate
the 3D structure of 10 nm sized Co2FeO4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles during oxygen
evolution reaction (OER). We reveal nanoscale spinodal decomposition in pristine
Co2FeO4. The interfaces of Co-rich and Fe-rich nanodomains of Co2FeO4 become trapping
sites for hydroxyl groups, contributing to a higher OER activity compared to that
of CoFe2O4. However, the activity of Co2FeO4 drops considerably due to concurrent
irreversible transformation towards CoIVO2 and pronounced Fe dissolution. In contrast,
there is negligible elemental redistribution for CoFe2O4 after OER, except for
surface structural transformation towards (FeIII, CoIII)2O3. Overall, our study
provides a unique 3D compositional distribution of mixed Co-Fe spinel oxides,
which gives atomic-scale insights into active sites and the deactivation of electrocatalysts
during OER.
article_number: '179'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Weikai
full_name: Xiang, Weikai
last_name: Xiang
- first_name: Nating
full_name: Yang, Nating
last_name: Yang
- first_name: Xiaopeng
full_name: Li, Xiaopeng
last_name: Li
- first_name: Julia
full_name: Linnemann, Julia
id: '116779'
last_name: Linnemann
orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424
- first_name: Ulrich
full_name: Hagemann, Ulrich
last_name: Hagemann
- first_name: Olaf
full_name: Ruediger, Olaf
last_name: Ruediger
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Heidelmann, Markus
last_name: Heidelmann
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Falk, Tobias
last_name: Falk
- first_name: Matteo
full_name: Aramini, Matteo
last_name: Aramini
- first_name: Serena
full_name: DeBeer, Serena
last_name: DeBeer
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Muhler, Martin
last_name: Muhler
- first_name: Kristina
full_name: Tschulik, Kristina
last_name: Tschulik
- first_name: Tong
full_name: Li, Tong
last_name: Li
citation:
ama: Xiang W, Yang N, Li X, et al. 3D atomic-scale imaging of mixed Co-Fe spinel
oxide nanoparticles during oxygen evolution reaction. Nature Communications.
2022;13(1). doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27788-2
apa: Xiang, W., Yang, N., Li, X., Linnemann, J., Hagemann, U., Ruediger, O., Heidelmann,
M., Falk, T., Aramini, M., DeBeer, S., Muhler, M., Tschulik, K., & Li, T.
(2022). 3D atomic-scale imaging of mixed Co-Fe spinel oxide nanoparticles during
oxygen evolution reaction. Nature Communications, 13(1), Article
179. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27788-2
bibtex: '@article{Xiang_Yang_Li_Linnemann_Hagemann_Ruediger_Heidelmann_Falk_Aramini_DeBeer_et
al._2022, title={3D atomic-scale imaging of mixed Co-Fe spinel oxide nanoparticles
during oxygen evolution reaction}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1038/s41467-021-27788-2},
number={1179}, journal={Nature Communications}, publisher={Springer Science and
Business Media LLC}, author={Xiang, Weikai and Yang, Nating and Li, Xiaopeng and
Linnemann, Julia and Hagemann, Ulrich and Ruediger, Olaf and Heidelmann, Markus
and Falk, Tobias and Aramini, Matteo and DeBeer, Serena and et al.}, year={2022}
}'
chicago: Xiang, Weikai, Nating Yang, Xiaopeng Li, Julia Linnemann, Ulrich Hagemann,
Olaf Ruediger, Markus Heidelmann, et al. “3D Atomic-Scale Imaging of Mixed Co-Fe
Spinel Oxide Nanoparticles during Oxygen Evolution Reaction.” Nature Communications
13, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27788-2.
ieee: 'W. Xiang et al., “3D atomic-scale imaging of mixed Co-Fe spinel oxide
nanoparticles during oxygen evolution reaction,” Nature Communications,
vol. 13, no. 1, Art. no. 179, 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27788-2.'
mla: Xiang, Weikai, et al. “3D Atomic-Scale Imaging of Mixed Co-Fe Spinel Oxide
Nanoparticles during Oxygen Evolution Reaction.” Nature Communications,
vol. 13, no. 1, 179, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022, doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27788-2.
short: W. Xiang, N. Yang, X. Li, J. Linnemann, U. Hagemann, O. Ruediger, M. Heidelmann,
T. Falk, M. Aramini, S. DeBeer, M. Muhler, K. Tschulik, T. Li, Nature Communications
13 (2022).
date_created: 2025-12-03T15:22:16Z
date_updated: 2025-12-03T16:30:12Z
department:
- _id: '985'
doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27788-2
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 13'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- electrocatalysis
- oxygen evolution reaction
- cobalt spinel
- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-27788-2
oa: '1'
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 3D atomic-scale imaging of mixed Co-Fe spinel oxide nanoparticles during oxygen
evolution reaction
type: journal_article
user_id: '116779'
volume: 13
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '62805'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Single-entity electrochemistry allows for assessing electrocatalytic activities
of individual material entities such as nanoparticles (NPs). Thus, it becomes
possible to consider intrinsic electrochemical properties of nanocatalysts when
researching how activity relates to physical and structural material properties.
Conversely, conventional electrochemical techniques provide a normalized sum current
referring to a huge ensemble of NPs constituting, along with additives (e.g.,
binders), a complete catalyst-coated electrode. Accordingly, recording electrocatalytic
responses of single NPs avoids interferences of ensemble effects and reduces the
complexity of electrocatalytic processes, thus enabling detailed description and
modelling. Herein, we present insights into the oxygen evolution catalysis at
individual cubic Co3O4 NPs impacting microelectrodes of different support materials.
Simulating diffusion at supported nanocubes, measured step current signals can
be analyzed, providing edge lengths, corresponding size distributions, and interference-free
turnover frequencies. The provided nano-impact investigation of (electro-)catalyst-support
effects contradicts assumptions on a low number of highly active sites.
article_number: '13137'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Zhibin
full_name: Liu, Zhibin
last_name: Liu
- first_name: Manuel
full_name: Corva, Manuel
last_name: Corva
- first_name: Hatem M. A.
full_name: Amin, Hatem M. A.
last_name: Amin
- first_name: Niclas
full_name: Blanc, Niclas
last_name: Blanc
- first_name: Julia
full_name: Linnemann, Julia
id: '116779'
last_name: Linnemann
orcid: 0000-0001-6883-5424
- first_name: Kristina
full_name: Tschulik, Kristina
last_name: Tschulik
citation:
ama: 'Liu Z, Corva M, Amin HMA, Blanc N, Linnemann J, Tschulik K. Single Co3O4
Nanocubes Electrocatalyzing the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Nano-Impact Insights
into Intrinsic Activity and Support Effects. International Journal of Molecular
Sciences. 2021;22(23). doi:10.3390/ijms222313137'
apa: 'Liu, Z., Corva, M., Amin, H. M. A., Blanc, N., Linnemann, J., & Tschulik,
K. (2021). Single Co3O4 Nanocubes Electrocatalyzing the
Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Nano-Impact Insights into Intrinsic Activity and Support
Effects. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(23), Article
13137. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313137'
bibtex: '@article{Liu_Corva_Amin_Blanc_Linnemann_Tschulik_2021, title={Single Co3O4
Nanocubes Electrocatalyzing the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Nano-Impact Insights
into Intrinsic Activity and Support Effects}, volume={22}, DOI={10.3390/ijms222313137},
number={2313137}, journal={International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, publisher={MDPI
AG}, author={Liu, Zhibin and Corva, Manuel and Amin, Hatem M. A. and Blanc, Niclas
and Linnemann, Julia and Tschulik, Kristina}, year={2021} }'
chicago: 'Liu, Zhibin, Manuel Corva, Hatem M. A. Amin, Niclas Blanc, Julia Linnemann,
and Kristina Tschulik. “Single Co3O4 Nanocubes Electrocatalyzing
the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Nano-Impact Insights into Intrinsic Activity and
Support Effects.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23
(2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313137.'
ieee: 'Z. Liu, M. Corva, H. M. A. Amin, N. Blanc, J. Linnemann, and K. Tschulik,
“Single Co3O4 Nanocubes Electrocatalyzing the Oxygen Evolution
Reaction: Nano-Impact Insights into Intrinsic Activity and Support Effects,” International
Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 22, no. 23, Art. no. 13137, 2021, doi:
10.3390/ijms222313137.'
mla: 'Liu, Zhibin, et al. “Single Co3O4 Nanocubes Electrocatalyzing
the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Nano-Impact Insights into Intrinsic Activity and
Support Effects.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 22,
no. 23, 13137, MDPI AG, 2021, doi:10.3390/ijms222313137.'
short: Z. Liu, M. Corva, H.M.A. Amin, N. Blanc, J. Linnemann, K. Tschulik, International
Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 (2021).
date_created: 2025-12-03T15:35:52Z
date_updated: 2025-12-03T16:52:35Z
department:
- _id: '985'
doi: 10.3390/ijms222313137
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 22'
issue: '23'
keyword:
- electrocatalysis
- oxygen evolution reaction
- cobalt spinel
- single-entity electrochemistry
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
publication: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1422-0067
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Single Co3O4 Nanocubes Electrocatalyzing the Oxygen
Evolution Reaction: Nano-Impact Insights into Intrinsic Activity and Support Effects'
type: journal_article
user_id: '116779'
volume: 22
year: '2021'
...