@article{4377,
  abstract     = {{Confocal Raman spectroscopy was performed as an archetype imaging method to study the ferroelectric domain structure of periodically poled lithium niobate. More precisely, the linkage out of spatial resolution and spectral information proved itself as very useful. Here a specific modulation of the Raman lines by the local variation of polarity and a non-symmetric measuring-signal across the domain structure were found, which allows for imaging of domain boundaries as well as oppositely orientated domains. The high potential of this method is demonstrated by the visualization of the ferroelectric domain structures based on various phonon modes.}},
  author       = {{Berth, Gerhard and Hahn, Wjatscheslaw and Wiedemeier, Volker and Zrenner, Artur and Sanna, Simone and Schmidt, Wolf Gero}},
  issn         = {{0015-0193}},
  journal      = {{Ferroelectrics}},
  keywords     = {{Raman spectroscopy, ferroelectric domains, LiNbO3, confocal imaging}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{44--48}},
  publisher    = {{Informa UK Limited}},
  title        = {{{Imaging of the Ferroelectric Domain Structures by Confocal Raman Spectroscopy}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/00150193.2011.594774}},
  volume       = {{420}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}

@article{4553,
  abstract     = {{We present results on ferroelectric micro-domains obtained by confocal second harmonic microscopy. The high potential of this technique is demonstrated by imaging periodic ferroelectric domain structures in the surface of planar X-cut lithium niobate (LN) and in the body of ridges fabricated by plasma etching on X-cut LN as well. In both cases the measured second harmonic signal reveals a strong contrast between inverted and non-inverted domain sections. This enabled a depth-resolved non-destructive tomography of micro-domains in ridge structures in all three dimensions.}},
  author       = {{Berth, Gerhard and Wiedemeier, Volker and Hüsch, Klaus-Peter and Gui, Li and Hu, Hui and Sohler, Wolfgang and Zrenner, Artur}},
  issn         = {{0015-0193}},
  journal      = {{Ferroelectrics}},
  keywords     = {{Nonlinear microscopy, ferroelectric micro-domains, confocal imaging, LiNbO3}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{132--141}},
  publisher    = {{Informa UK Limited}},
  title        = {{{Imaging of Ferroelectric Micro-Domains in X-Cut Lithium Niobate by Confocal Second Harmonic Microscopy}}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/00150190902993267}},
  volume       = {{389}},
  year         = {{2009}},
}