---
_id: '19383'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Due to the present inflexibility and the lack of sufficient throttling capabilities
    of lignite and nuclear power plants, a surplus of electricity generation occurs
    during periods of high wind and solar power generation in the German electricity
    grid. While the specific CO2-emission is decreasing then - due to the increased
    share of Renewables, the grid frequency should be increasing (to a certain limit).
    Using the grid frequency as an indicator to switch-on and -off certain loads (loads
    that do not require power permanently (e.g. dishwashers, washing machines, dryers,
    fridges and freezers, heaters) could provide a simple, inexpensive demand-side-management
    indicator to lower specific CO2-emissions and costs (if a dynamic consumption
    tariff is applied). To check the truthfulness of that hypothesis, the grid and
    frequency data of the German grid of the year 2018 have been collected and the
    correlations between grid frequency, share of renewables, CO2-contents, and actual
    price at the European energy exchange (EEX) have been calculated. The results
    show: Correlation between grid frequency and the share of renewables is quite
    low (r=0.155) due to the fact that primary grid control quickly compensates deviations
    from the 50 Hz nominal frequency. As expected, there is a good anti-correlation
    (r=-0.687) between the EEX-prices and the share of renewables in the grid. Over
    the years, correlation between electricity trading prices (EEX) and CO2 emissions
    is quite good (r=0.665), within the one year (2018) that correlation almost doesn''t
    exist, possibly due to the inflexibility of the bulky lignite baseload power plants
    that even operate at negative prices.'
author:
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Krauter, Stefan
  id: '28836'
  last_name: Krauter
  orcid: 0000-0002-3594-260X
- first_name: L.
  full_name: Zhang, L.
  last_name: Zhang
citation:
  ama: 'Krauter S, Zhang L. Correlation of grid-frequency, electricity prices, share
    of Renewables and CO2-contents of German electricity grid to enable inexpensive
    triggering of Demand-Side-Management. In: IEEE, ed. <i>Proceedings of the 47th
    IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 47) 2020</i>. ; 2020:1672-1674.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487">10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487</a>'
  apa: Krauter, S., &#38; Zhang, L. (2020). Correlation of grid-frequency, electricity
    prices, share of Renewables and CO2-contents of German electricity grid to enable
    inexpensive triggering of Demand-Side-Management. In IEEE (Ed.), <i>Proceedings
    of the 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 47) 2020</i> (pp. 1672–1674).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487">https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Krauter_Zhang_2020, title={Correlation of grid-frequency,
    electricity prices, share of Renewables and CO2-contents of German electricity
    grid to enable inexpensive triggering of Demand-Side-Management}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487">10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487</a>},
    booktitle={Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC
    47) 2020}, author={Krauter, Stefan and Zhang, L.}, editor={IEEE}, year={2020},
    pages={1672–1674} }'
  chicago: Krauter, Stefan, and L. Zhang. “Correlation of Grid-Frequency, Electricity
    Prices, Share of Renewables and CO2-Contents of German Electricity Grid to Enable
    Inexpensive Triggering of Demand-Side-Management.” In <i>Proceedings of the 47th
    IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 47) 2020</i>, edited by IEEE, 1672–74,
    2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487">https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487</a>.
  ieee: 'S. Krauter and L. Zhang, “Correlation of grid-frequency, electricity prices,
    share of Renewables and CO2-contents of German electricity grid to enable inexpensive
    triggering of Demand-Side-Management,” in <i>Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Photovoltaic
    Specialists Conference (PVSC 47) 2020</i>, online, 2020, pp. 1672–1674, doi: <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487">10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487</a>.'
  mla: Krauter, Stefan, and L. Zhang. “Correlation of Grid-Frequency, Electricity
    Prices, Share of Renewables and CO2-Contents of German Electricity Grid to Enable
    Inexpensive Triggering of Demand-Side-Management.” <i>Proceedings of the 47th
    IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 47) 2020</i>, edited by IEEE, 2020,
    pp. 1672–74, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487">10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487</a>.
  short: 'S. Krauter, L. Zhang, in: IEEE (Ed.), Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Photovoltaic
    Specialists Conference (PVSC 47) 2020, 2020, pp. 1672–1674.'
conference:
  end_date: 2020-06-21
  location: online
  name: 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 47)
  start_date: 2020-06-15
corporate_editor:
- IEEE
date_created: 2020-09-14T12:39:41Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:52:16Z
department:
- _id: '53'
doi: 10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487
keyword:
- CO2
- EEX
- Grid frequency
- DSM
- electricity price
- Renewable share
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9300487
page: 1672-1674
publication: Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC
  47) 2020
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Correlation of grid-frequency, electricity prices, share of Renewables and
  CO2-contents of German electricity grid to enable inexpensive triggering of Demand-Side-Management
type: conference
user_id: '28836'
year: '2020'
...