---
_id: '11937'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In automatic speech recognition, hidden Markov models (HMMs) are commonly
    used for speech decoding, while switching linear dynamic models (SLDMs) can be
    employed for a preceding model-based speech feature enhancement. In this paper,
    these model types are combined in order to obtain a novel iterative speech feature
    enhancement and recognition architecture. It is shown that speech feature enhancement
    with SLDMs can be improved by feeding back information from the HMM to the enhancement
    stage. Two different feedback structures are derived. In the first, the posteriors
    of the HMM states are used to control the model probabilities of the SLDMs, while
    in the second they are employed to directly influence the estimate of the speech
    feature distribution. Both approaches lead to improvements in recognition accuracy
    both on the AURORA2 and AURORA4 databases compared to non-iterative speech feature
    enhancement with SLDMs. It is also shown that a combination with uncertainty decoding
    further enhances performance.
author:
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Windmann, Stefan
  last_name: Windmann
- first_name: Reinhold
  full_name: Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold
  id: '242'
  last_name: Haeb-Umbach
citation:
  ama: Windmann S, Haeb-Umbach R. Approaches to Iterative Speech Feature Enhancement
    and Recognition. <i>IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing</i>.
    2009;17(5):974-984. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TASL.2009.2014894">10.1109/TASL.2009.2014894</a>
  apa: Windmann, S., &#38; Haeb-Umbach, R. (2009). Approaches to Iterative Speech
    Feature Enhancement and Recognition. <i>IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and
    Language Processing</i>, <i>17</i>(5), 974–984. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TASL.2009.2014894">https://doi.org/10.1109/TASL.2009.2014894</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Windmann_Haeb-Umbach_2009, title={Approaches to Iterative Speech
    Feature Enhancement and Recognition}, volume={17}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TASL.2009.2014894">10.1109/TASL.2009.2014894</a>},
    number={5}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing},
    author={Windmann, Stefan and Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold}, year={2009}, pages={974–984}
    }'
  chicago: 'Windmann, Stefan, and Reinhold Haeb-Umbach. “Approaches to Iterative Speech
    Feature Enhancement and Recognition.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and
    Language Processing</i> 17, no. 5 (2009): 974–84. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TASL.2009.2014894">https://doi.org/10.1109/TASL.2009.2014894</a>.'
  ieee: S. Windmann and R. Haeb-Umbach, “Approaches to Iterative Speech Feature Enhancement
    and Recognition,” <i>IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing</i>,
    vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 974–984, 2009.
  mla: Windmann, Stefan, and Reinhold Haeb-Umbach. “Approaches to Iterative Speech
    Feature Enhancement and Recognition.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and
    Language Processing</i>, vol. 17, no. 5, 2009, pp. 974–84, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TASL.2009.2014894">10.1109/TASL.2009.2014894</a>.
  short: S. Windmann, R. Haeb-Umbach, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language
    Processing 17 (2009) 974–984.
date_created: 2019-07-12T05:31:08Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:51:12Z
department:
- _id: '54'
doi: 10.1109/TASL.2009.2014894
intvolume: '        17'
issue: '5'
keyword:
- AURORA2 databases
- AURORA4 databases
- automatic speech recognition
- feedback structures
- hidden Markov models
- HMM
- iterative methods
- iterative speech feature enhancement
- model probabilities
- speech decoding
- speech enhancement
- speech feature distribution
- speech recognition
- switching linear dynamic models
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://groups.uni-paderborn.de/nt/pubs/2009/WiHa09-1.pdf
oa: '1'
page: 974-984
publication: IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
status: public
title: Approaches to Iterative Speech Feature Enhancement and Recognition
type: journal_article
user_id: '44006'
volume: 17
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '17272'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In developmental research, tutoring behavior has been identified as scaffolding
    infants' learning processes. It has been defined in terms of child-directed speech
    (Motherese), child-directed motion (Motionese), and contingency. In the field
    of developmental robotics, research often assumes that in human-robot interaction
    (HRI), robots are treated similar to infants, because their immature cognitive
    capabilities benefit from this behavior. However, according to our knowledge,
    it has barely been studied whether this is true and how exactly humans alter their
    behavior towards a robotic interaction partner. In this paper, we present results
    concerning the acceptance of a robotic agent in a social learning scenario obtained
    via comparison to adults and 8-11 months old infants in equal conditions. These
    results constitute an important empirical basis for making use of tutoring behavior
    in social robotics. In our study, we performed a detailed multimodal analysis
    of HRI in a tutoring situation using the example of a robot simulation equipped
    with a bottom-up saliency-based attention model. Our results reveal significant
    differences in hand movement velocity, motion pauses, range of motion, and eye
    gaze suggesting that for example adults decrease their hand movement velocity
    in an Adult-Child Interaction (ACI), opposed to an Adult-Adult Interaction (AAI)
    and this decrease is even higher in the Adult-Robot Interaction (ARI). We also
    found important differences between ACI and ARI in how the behavior is modified
    over time as the interaction unfolds. These findings indicate the necessity of
    integrating top-down feedback structures into a bottom-up system for robots to
    be fully accepted as interaction partners.
author:
- first_name: Anna-Lisa
  full_name: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa
  last_name: Vollmer
- first_name: Katrin Solveig
  full_name: Lohan, Katrin Solveig
  last_name: Lohan
- first_name: Kerstin
  full_name: Fischer, Kerstin
  last_name: Fischer
- first_name: Yukie
  full_name: Nagai, Yukie
  last_name: Nagai
- first_name: Karola
  full_name: Pitsch, Karola
  last_name: Pitsch
- first_name: Jannik
  full_name: Fritsch, Jannik
  last_name: Fritsch
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina
  id: '50352'
  last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Britta
  full_name: Wrede, Britta
  last_name: Wrede
citation:
  ama: 'Vollmer A-L, Lohan KS, Fischer K, et al. People modify their tutoring behavior
    in robot-directed interaction for action learning. In: <i>Development and Learning,
    2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning</i>.
    IEEE; 2009:1-6. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516">10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516</a>'
  apa: Vollmer, A.-L., Lohan, K. S., Fischer, K., Nagai, Y., Pitsch, K., Fritsch,
    J., Rohlfing, K., &#38; Wrede, B. (2009). People modify their tutoring behavior
    in robot-directed interaction for action learning. <i>Development and Learning,
    2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning</i>,
    1–6. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516">https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Vollmer_Lohan_Fischer_Nagai_Pitsch_Fritsch_Rohlfing_Wrede_2009,
    title={People modify their tutoring behavior in robot-directed interaction for
    action learning}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516">10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516</a>},
    booktitle={Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference
    on Development and Learning}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and
    Lohan, Katrin Solveig and Fischer, Kerstin and Nagai, Yukie and Pitsch, Karola
    and Fritsch, Jannik and Rohlfing, Katharina and Wrede, Britta}, year={2009}, pages={1–6}
    }'
  chicago: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, Katrin Solveig Lohan, Kerstin Fischer, Yukie Nagai,
    Karola Pitsch, Jannik Fritsch, Katharina Rohlfing, and Britta Wrede. “People Modify
    Their Tutoring Behavior in Robot-Directed Interaction for Action Learning.” In
    <i>Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference
    on Development and Learning</i>, 1–6. IEEE, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516">https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516</a>.
  ieee: 'A.-L. Vollmer <i>et al.</i>, “People modify their tutoring behavior in robot-directed
    interaction for action learning,” in <i>Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009.
    IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning</i>, 2009, pp. 1–6,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516">10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516</a>.'
  mla: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, et al. “People Modify Their Tutoring Behavior in Robot-Directed
    Interaction for Action Learning.” <i>Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009.
    IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning</i>, IEEE, 2009,
    pp. 1–6, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516">10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516</a>.
  short: 'A.-L. Vollmer, K.S. Lohan, K. Fischer, Y. Nagai, K. Pitsch, J. Fritsch,
    K. Rohlfing, B. Wrede, in: Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th
    International Conference on Development and Learning, IEEE, 2009, pp. 1–6.'
date_created: 2020-06-24T13:02:43Z
date_updated: 2023-02-01T13:06:43Z
department:
- _id: '749'
doi: 10.1109/DEVLRN.2009.5175516
keyword:
- robot simulation
- hand movement velocity
- robotic interaction partner
- robotic agent
- robot-directed interaction
- multimodal analysis
- Motionese
- Motherese
- intelligent tutoring systems
- immature cognitive capability
- human computer interaction
- eye gaze
- child-directed speech
- child-directed motion
- bottom-up system
- bottom-up saliency-based attention model
- adult-robot interaction
- adult-child interaction
- adult-adult interaction
- human-robot interaction
- action learning
- social learning scenario
- social robotics
- software agents
- top-down feedback structures
- tutoring behavior
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1-6
publication: Development and Learning, 2009. ICDL 2009. IEEE 8th International Conference
  on Development and Learning
publisher: IEEE
status: public
title: People modify their tutoring behavior in robot-directed interaction for action
  learning
type: conference
user_id: '14931'
year: '2009'
...