---
_id: '51518'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In applications of piezoelectric actuators and sensors, the dependability
    and particularly the reliability throughout their lifetime are vital to manufacturers
    and end-users and are enabled through condition-monitoring approaches. Existing
    approaches often utilize impedance measurements over a range of frequencies or
    velocity measurements and require additional equipment or sensors, such as a laser
    Doppler vibrometer. Furthermore, the non-negligible effects of varying operating
    conditions are often unconsidered. To minimize the need for additional sensors
    while maintaining the dependability of piezoelectric bending actuators irrespective
    of varying operating conditions, an online diagnostics approach is proposed. To
    this end, time- and frequency-domain features are extracted from monitored current
    signals to reflect hairline crack development in bending actuators. For validation
    of applicability, the presented analysis method was evaluated on piezoelectric
    bending actuators subjected to accelerated lifetime tests at varying voltage amplitudes
    and under external damping conditions. In the presence of a crack and due to a
    diminished stiffness, the resonance frequency decreases and the root-mean-square
    amplitude of the current signal simultaneously abruptly drops during the lifetime
    tests. Furthermore, the piezoelectric crack surfaces clapping is reflected in
    higher harmonics of the current signal. Thus, time-domain features and harmonics
    of the current signals are sufficient to diagnose hairline cracks in the actuators.
article_number: '521'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Osarenren Kennedy
  full_name: Aimiyekagbon, Osarenren Kennedy
  id: '9557'
  last_name: Aimiyekagbon
- first_name: Amelie
  full_name: Bender, Amelie
  id: '54290'
  last_name: Bender
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Hemsel, Tobias
  id: '210'
  last_name: Hemsel
- first_name: Walter
  full_name: Sextro, Walter
  id: '21220'
  last_name: Sextro
citation:
  ama: Aimiyekagbon OK, Bender A, Hemsel T, Sextro W. Diagnostics of Piezoelectric
    Bending Actuators Subjected to Varying Operating Conditions. <i>Electronics</i>.
    2024;13(3). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030521">10.3390/electronics13030521</a>
  apa: Aimiyekagbon, O. K., Bender, A., Hemsel, T., &#38; Sextro, W. (2024). Diagnostics
    of Piezoelectric Bending Actuators Subjected to Varying Operating Conditions.
    <i>Electronics</i>, <i>13</i>(3), Article 521. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030521">https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030521</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Aimiyekagbon_Bender_Hemsel_Sextro_2024, title={Diagnostics of
    Piezoelectric Bending Actuators Subjected to Varying Operating Conditions}, volume={13},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030521">10.3390/electronics13030521</a>},
    number={3521}, journal={Electronics}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Aimiyekagbon,
    Osarenren Kennedy and Bender, Amelie and Hemsel, Tobias and Sextro, Walter}, year={2024}
    }'
  chicago: Aimiyekagbon, Osarenren Kennedy, Amelie Bender, Tobias Hemsel, and Walter
    Sextro. “Diagnostics of Piezoelectric Bending Actuators Subjected to Varying Operating
    Conditions.” <i>Electronics</i> 13, no. 3 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030521">https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030521</a>.
  ieee: 'O. K. Aimiyekagbon, A. Bender, T. Hemsel, and W. Sextro, “Diagnostics of
    Piezoelectric Bending Actuators Subjected to Varying Operating Conditions,” <i>Electronics</i>,
    vol. 13, no. 3, Art. no. 521, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030521">10.3390/electronics13030521</a>.'
  mla: Aimiyekagbon, Osarenren Kennedy, et al. “Diagnostics of Piezoelectric Bending
    Actuators Subjected to Varying Operating Conditions.” <i>Electronics</i>, vol.
    13, no. 3, 521, MDPI AG, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030521">10.3390/electronics13030521</a>.
  short: O.K. Aimiyekagbon, A. Bender, T. Hemsel, W. Sextro, Electronics 13 (2024).
date_created: 2024-02-20T06:46:43Z
date_updated: 2024-03-15T16:15:56Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.3390/electronics13030521
funded_apc: '1'
intvolume: '        13'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- piezoelectric transducer
- self-sensing
- fault detection
- diagnostics
- hairline crack
- condition monitoring
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Electronics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2079-9292
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Diagnostics of Piezoelectric Bending Actuators Subjected to Varying Operating
  Conditions
type: journal_article
user_id: '9557'
volume: 13
year: '2024'
...