[{"extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["solid-state nmr","hard carbon","in-situ","SiCN","sodium ion batteries"],"user_id":"100715","_id":"63950","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Sodium-ion batteries are at the forefront of new, sustainable energy systems required for the global energy transition. 23Na in situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is capable of unraveling structures in working electrochemical cells during the charging and discharging processes. To evaluate its suitability for long-term studies, local sodium environments in sodium/sodium ion cells based on silicon carbonitride and hard carbon materials are tracked for up to 49 cycles (228.5?h). The formation of dendrites as well as the decay of a secondary metallic sodium species is observed, and local structures are analyzed up to the point of capacity degradation and cell failure. Initial points of cell breakdown are reflected in the NMR data by characteristic changes in signal intensities, whereas the degradation of the cells is reflected by a cease to periodic signal intensity fluctuations. Meanwhile, ex situ 23Na NMR spectra of the deactivated cells reveal a complex range of environments for sodium ions."}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Batteries & Supercaps","doi":"10.1002/batt.202500516","title":"Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy","author":[{"full_name":"Egert, Sonja","last_name":"Egert","first_name":"Sonja"},{"full_name":"Remesh, Renuka","last_name":"Remesh","first_name":"Renuka"},{"full_name":"Jusdi, Agatha Clarissa","last_name":"Jusdi","first_name":"Agatha Clarissa"},{"first_name":"Yushi","full_name":"Sugawara, Yushi","last_name":"Sugawara"},{"first_name":"Konstantin","last_name":"Schutjajew","full_name":"Schutjajew, Konstantin"},{"first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Oschatz, Martin","last_name":"Oschatz"},{"first_name":"Gerd","last_name":"Buntkowsky","full_name":"Buntkowsky, Gerd"},{"full_name":"Gutmann, Torsten","id":"118165","last_name":"Gutmann","first_name":"Torsten"}],"date_created":"2026-02-07T09:13:59Z","volume":"n/a","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd","date_updated":"2026-02-17T16:18:23Z","citation":{"apa":"Egert, S., Remesh, R., Jusdi, A. C., Sugawara, Y., Schutjajew, K., Oschatz, M., Buntkowsky, G., &#38; Gutmann, T. (2025). Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. <i>Batteries &#38; Supercaps</i>, <i>n/a</i>(n/a), e202500516. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516\">https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516</a>","mla":"Egert, Sonja, et al. “Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy.” <i>Batteries &#38; Supercaps</i>, vol. n/a, no. n/a, John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd, 2025, p. e202500516, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516\">10.1002/batt.202500516</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Egert_Remesh_Jusdi_Sugawara_Schutjajew_Oschatz_Buntkowsky_Gutmann_2025, title={Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy}, volume={n/a}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516\">10.1002/batt.202500516</a>}, number={n/a}, journal={Batteries &#38; Supercaps}, publisher={John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd}, author={Egert, Sonja and Remesh, Renuka and Jusdi, Agatha Clarissa and Sugawara, Yushi and Schutjajew, Konstantin and Oschatz, Martin and Buntkowsky, Gerd and Gutmann, Torsten}, year={2025}, pages={e202500516} }","short":"S. Egert, R. Remesh, A.C. Jusdi, Y. Sugawara, K. Schutjajew, M. Oschatz, G. Buntkowsky, T. Gutmann, Batteries &#38; Supercaps n/a (2025) e202500516.","chicago":"Egert, Sonja, Renuka Remesh, Agatha Clarissa Jusdi, Yushi Sugawara, Konstantin Schutjajew, Martin Oschatz, Gerd Buntkowsky, and Torsten Gutmann. “Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy.” <i>Batteries &#38; Supercaps</i> n/a, no. n/a (2025): e202500516. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516\">https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516</a>.","ieee":"S. Egert <i>et al.</i>, “Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy,” <i>Batteries &#38; Supercaps</i>, vol. n/a, no. n/a, p. e202500516, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516\">10.1002/batt.202500516</a>.","ama":"Egert S, Remesh R, Jusdi AC, et al. Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. <i>Batteries &#38; Supercaps</i>. 2025;n/a(n/a):e202500516. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516\">10.1002/batt.202500516</a>"},"page":"e202500516","year":"2025","issue":"n/a"},{"type":"journal_article","publication":"Chemsuschem","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Abstract In this work, we report on an improved cell assembly of cylindrical electrochemical cells for 23Na in-situ solid-state NMR (ssNMR) investigations. The cell set-up is suitable for using powder electrode materials. Reproducibility of our cell assembly is analyzed by preparing two cells containing hard carbon (HC) powder as working electrode and sodium metal as reference electrode. Electrochemical storage properties of HC powder electrode derived from carbonization of sustainable cellulose are studied by ssNMR. 23Na in-situ ssNMR monitors the sodiation/desodiation of a Na{\\textbar}NaPF6{\\textbar}HC cell (cell 1) over a period of 22?days, showing high cell stability. After the galvanostatic process, the HC powder material is investigated by high resolution 23Na ex-situ MAS NMR. The formation of ionic sodium species in different chemical environments is obtained. Subsequently, a second Na{\\textbar}NaPF6{\\textbar}HC cell (cell 2) is sodiated for 11?days achieving a capacity of 220?mAh/g. 23Na ex-situ MAS NMR measurements of the HC powder material extracted from this cell clearly indicate the presence of quasi-metallic sodium species next to ionic sodium species. This observation of quasi-metallic sodium species is discussed in terms of the achieved capacity of the cell as well as of side reactions of sodium in this electrode material."}],"status":"public","_id":"64045","user_id":"100715","keyword":["solid-state nmr","hard carbon","electrochemical cells","in-situ characterization","sodium"],"extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1864-5631"]},"year":"2023","citation":{"ama":"Šić E, Schutjajew K, Haagen U, et al. Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR. <i>Chemsuschem</i>. 2023;17:e202301300. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300\">10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>","ieee":"E. Šić <i>et al.</i>, “Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR,” <i>Chemsuschem</i>, vol. 17, p. e202301300, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300\">10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>.","chicago":"Šić, Edina, Konstantin Schutjajew, Ulrich Haagen, Hergen Breitzke, Martin Oschatz, Gerd Buntkowsky, and Torsten Gutmann. “Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR.” <i>Chemsuschem</i> 17 (2023): e202301300. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300\">https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>.","apa":"Šić, E., Schutjajew, K., Haagen, U., Breitzke, H., Oschatz, M., Buntkowsky, G., &#38; Gutmann, T. (2023). Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR. <i>Chemsuschem</i>, <i>17</i>, e202301300. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300\">https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>","mla":"Šić, Edina, et al. “Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR.” <i>Chemsuschem</i>, vol. 17, John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd, 2023, p. e202301300, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300\">10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>.","short":"E. Šić, K. Schutjajew, U. Haagen, H. Breitzke, M. Oschatz, G. Buntkowsky, T. Gutmann, Chemsuschem 17 (2023) e202301300.","bibtex":"@article{Šić_Schutjajew_Haagen_Breitzke_Oschatz_Buntkowsky_Gutmann_2023, title={Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR}, volume={17}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300\">10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>}, journal={Chemsuschem}, publisher={John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd}, author={Šić, Edina and Schutjajew, Konstantin and Haagen, Ulrich and Breitzke, Hergen and Oschatz, Martin and Buntkowsky, Gerd and Gutmann, Torsten}, year={2023}, pages={e202301300} }"},"intvolume":"        17","page":"e202301300","date_updated":"2026-02-17T16:13:10Z","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd","date_created":"2026-02-07T16:12:13Z","author":[{"last_name":"Šić","full_name":"Šić, Edina","first_name":"Edina"},{"first_name":"Konstantin","last_name":"Schutjajew","full_name":"Schutjajew, Konstantin"},{"first_name":"Ulrich","full_name":"Haagen, Ulrich","last_name":"Haagen"},{"first_name":"Hergen","full_name":"Breitzke, Hergen","last_name":"Breitzke"},{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Oschatz","full_name":"Oschatz, Martin"},{"first_name":"Gerd","full_name":"Buntkowsky, Gerd","last_name":"Buntkowsky"},{"first_name":"Torsten","last_name":"Gutmann","full_name":"Gutmann, Torsten","id":"118165"}],"volume":17,"title":"Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202301300"}]