---
_id: '63950'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Sodium-ion batteries are at the forefront of new, sustainable energy systems
    required for the global energy transition. 23Na in situ solid-state nuclear magnetic
    resonance spectroscopy is capable of unraveling structures in working electrochemical
    cells during the charging and discharging processes. To evaluate its suitability
    for long-term studies, local sodium environments in sodium/sodium ion cells based
    on silicon carbonitride and hard carbon materials are tracked for up to 49 cycles
    (228.5?h). The formation of dendrites as well as the decay of a secondary metallic
    sodium species is observed, and local structures are analyzed up to the point
    of capacity degradation and cell failure. Initial points of cell breakdown are
    reflected in the NMR data by characteristic changes in signal intensities, whereas
    the degradation of the cells is reflected by a cease to periodic signal intensity
    fluctuations. Meanwhile, ex situ 23Na NMR spectra of the deactivated cells reveal
    a complex range of environments for sodium ions.
author:
- first_name: Sonja
  full_name: Egert, Sonja
  last_name: Egert
- first_name: Renuka
  full_name: Remesh, Renuka
  last_name: Remesh
- first_name: Agatha Clarissa
  full_name: Jusdi, Agatha Clarissa
  last_name: Jusdi
- first_name: Yushi
  full_name: Sugawara, Yushi
  last_name: Sugawara
- first_name: Konstantin
  full_name: Schutjajew, Konstantin
  last_name: Schutjajew
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Oschatz, Martin
  last_name: Oschatz
- first_name: Gerd
  full_name: Buntkowsky, Gerd
  last_name: Buntkowsky
- first_name: Torsten
  full_name: Gutmann, Torsten
  id: '118165'
  last_name: Gutmann
citation:
  ama: Egert S, Remesh R, Jusdi AC, et al. Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium
    Ion Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. <i>Batteries &#38; Supercaps</i>.
    2025;n/a(n/a):e202500516. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516">10.1002/batt.202500516</a>
  apa: Egert, S., Remesh, R., Jusdi, A. C., Sugawara, Y., Schutjajew, K., Oschatz,
    M., Buntkowsky, G., &#38; Gutmann, T. (2025). Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium
    Ion Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. <i>Batteries &#38; Supercaps</i>,
    <i>n/a</i>(n/a), e202500516. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516">https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Egert_Remesh_Jusdi_Sugawara_Schutjajew_Oschatz_Buntkowsky_Gutmann_2025,
    title={Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion Cells Probed by In Situ
    Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy}, volume={n/a}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516">10.1002/batt.202500516</a>},
    number={n/a}, journal={Batteries &#38; Supercaps}, publisher={John Wiley &#38;
    Sons, Ltd}, author={Egert, Sonja and Remesh, Renuka and Jusdi, Agatha Clarissa
    and Sugawara, Yushi and Schutjajew, Konstantin and Oschatz, Martin and Buntkowsky,
    Gerd and Gutmann, Torsten}, year={2025}, pages={e202500516} }'
  chicago: 'Egert, Sonja, Renuka Remesh, Agatha Clarissa Jusdi, Yushi Sugawara, Konstantin
    Schutjajew, Martin Oschatz, Gerd Buntkowsky, and Torsten Gutmann. “Long-Term Cycling
    Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy.”
    <i>Batteries &#38; Supercaps</i> n/a, no. n/a (2025): e202500516. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516">https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Egert <i>et al.</i>, “Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion
    Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy,” <i>Batteries &#38; Supercaps</i>,
    vol. n/a, no. n/a, p. e202500516, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516">10.1002/batt.202500516</a>.'
  mla: Egert, Sonja, et al. “Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion Cells
    Probed by In Situ Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy.” <i>Batteries &#38; Supercaps</i>,
    vol. n/a, no. n/a, John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd, 2025, p. e202500516, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500516">10.1002/batt.202500516</a>.
  short: S. Egert, R. Remesh, A.C. Jusdi, Y. Sugawara, K. Schutjajew, M. Oschatz,
    G. Buntkowsky, T. Gutmann, Batteries &#38; Supercaps n/a (2025) e202500516.
date_created: 2026-02-07T09:13:59Z
date_updated: 2026-02-17T16:18:23Z
doi: 10.1002/batt.202500516
extern: '1'
issue: n/a
keyword:
- solid-state nmr
- hard carbon
- in-situ
- SiCN
- sodium ion batteries
language:
- iso: eng
page: e202500516
publication: Batteries & Supercaps
publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
status: public
title: Long-Term Cycling Stability of Sodium/Sodium Ion Cells Probed by In Situ Solid-State
  NMR Spectroscopy
type: journal_article
user_id: '100715'
volume: n/a
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '64045'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Abstract In this work, we report on an improved cell assembly of cylindrical
    electrochemical cells for 23Na in-situ solid-state NMR (ssNMR) investigations.
    The cell set-up is suitable for using powder electrode materials. Reproducibility
    of our cell assembly is analyzed by preparing two cells containing hard carbon
    (HC) powder as working electrode and sodium metal as reference electrode. Electrochemical
    storage properties of HC powder electrode derived from carbonization of sustainable
    cellulose are studied by ssNMR. 23Na in-situ ssNMR monitors the sodiation/desodiation
    of a Na{\textbar}NaPF6{\textbar}HC cell (cell 1) over a period of 22?days, showing
    high cell stability. After the galvanostatic process, the HC powder material is
    investigated by high resolution 23Na ex-situ MAS NMR. The formation of ionic sodium
    species in different chemical environments is obtained. Subsequently, a second
    Na{\textbar}NaPF6{\textbar}HC cell (cell 2) is sodiated for 11?days achieving
    a capacity of 220?mAh/g. 23Na ex-situ MAS NMR measurements of the HC powder material
    extracted from this cell clearly indicate the presence of quasi-metallic sodium
    species next to ionic sodium species. This observation of quasi-metallic sodium
    species is discussed in terms of the achieved capacity of the cell as well as
    of side reactions of sodium in this electrode material.
author:
- first_name: Edina
  full_name: Šić, Edina
  last_name: Šić
- first_name: Konstantin
  full_name: Schutjajew, Konstantin
  last_name: Schutjajew
- first_name: Ulrich
  full_name: Haagen, Ulrich
  last_name: Haagen
- first_name: Hergen
  full_name: Breitzke, Hergen
  last_name: Breitzke
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Oschatz, Martin
  last_name: Oschatz
- first_name: Gerd
  full_name: Buntkowsky, Gerd
  last_name: Buntkowsky
- first_name: Torsten
  full_name: Gutmann, Torsten
  id: '118165'
  last_name: Gutmann
citation:
  ama: 'Šić E, Schutjajew K, Haagen U, et al. Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard
    Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from
    In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR. <i>Chemsuschem</i>. 2023;17:e202301300. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>'
  apa: 'Šić, E., Schutjajew, K., Haagen, U., Breitzke, H., Oschatz, M., Buntkowsky,
    G., &#38; Gutmann, T. (2023). Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder
    Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and
    Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR. <i>Chemsuschem</i>, <i>17</i>, e202301300. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Šić_Schutjajew_Haagen_Breitzke_Oschatz_Buntkowsky_Gutmann_2023,
    title={Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented
    in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR},
    volume={17}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>},
    journal={Chemsuschem}, publisher={John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd}, author={Šić, Edina
    and Schutjajew, Konstantin and Haagen, Ulrich and Breitzke, Hergen and Oschatz,
    Martin and Buntkowsky, Gerd and Gutmann, Torsten}, year={2023}, pages={e202301300}
    }'
  chicago: 'Šić, Edina, Konstantin Schutjajew, Ulrich Haagen, Hergen Breitzke, Martin
    Oschatz, Gerd Buntkowsky, and Torsten Gutmann. “Electrochemical Sodium Storage
    in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights
    from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR.” <i>Chemsuschem</i> 17 (2023): e202301300.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>.'
  ieee: 'E. Šić <i>et al.</i>, “Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder
    Electrodes Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and
    Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR,” <i>Chemsuschem</i>, vol. 17, p. e202301300, 2023, doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>.'
  mla: 'Šić, Edina, et al. “Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes
    Implemented in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State
    NMR.” <i>Chemsuschem</i>, vol. 17, John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd, 2023, p. e202301300,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301300">10.1002/cssc.202301300</a>.'
  short: E. Šić, K. Schutjajew, U. Haagen, H. Breitzke, M. Oschatz, G. Buntkowsky,
    T. Gutmann, Chemsuschem 17 (2023) e202301300.
date_created: 2026-02-07T16:12:13Z
date_updated: 2026-02-17T16:13:10Z
doi: 10.1002/cssc.202301300
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        17'
keyword:
- solid-state nmr
- hard carbon
- electrochemical cells
- in-situ characterization
- sodium
language:
- iso: eng
page: e202301300
publication: Chemsuschem
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1864-5631
publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
status: public
title: 'Electrochemical Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon Powder Electrodes Implemented
  in an Improved Cell Assembly: Insights from In-Situ and Ex-Situ Solid-State NMR'
type: journal_article
user_id: '100715'
volume: 17
year: '2023'
...